Materi 8 Sistem Proteksi Eksternal PDF
Materi 8 Sistem Proteksi Eksternal PDF
eksternal
Contents
Perkembangan sistem proteksi petir
Konsep sistem proteksi petir
Metode perancangan
Metode sistem proteksi kerucut
Metode sangkar faraday
Metode rolling sphere
Metode collection volume
Air terminal
Down conductor
Grounding system
Hal penting lainnya
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Perkembangan
sistem proteksi petir
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Sejarah sistem proteksi petir
Petir merupakan bola api dahsyat dari langit yang
dapat terjadi setiap saat diluar kontrol manusia dan
dianggap sebagai tangan tuhan
Benjamin Franklin (1752) : Petir merupakan
fenomena listrik, sehingga diperlakukan seperti
listrik, yakni :
Diberi penerima sambaran petir (lightning rod, air
terminal atau finial atas)
Disalurkan ke tanah (down conductor atau hantaran
turun)
Dibuang di tanah dengan aman (grounding atau
sistem pentanahan)
Teknologi diatas dikenal saat ini sebagai “sistem
proteksi petir eksternal”
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Sistem proteksi petir
Sistem proteksi petir
Sistem proteksi petir eksternal : air
termination, down conductor, grounding
system
Sistem proteksi petir internal : surge
protection (arrester), shielding, bonding
Sistem deteksi petir :
Real time : sistem peringatan dini,
keselamatan, reliabilitas, kontinuitas,
prediksi
Historik : perencanaan LPS, analisa kejadian
dan gangguan, asuransi, prakiraan,
penelitian dan pengujian, industri
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Konsep sistem
proteksi petir
Menurut standar :
External LPS : electro geometric
concept
Internal LPS : lightning protection
zone concept
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External Internal
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Lightning protection level
according to IEC 62305-1
Minimum values of lightning parameters and
related rolling sphere radius corresponding to LPL
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2
2
3
1
1. Air termination
2
2. Down conductor
3. Grounding system
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3 Grounding 15
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Komponen sistem proteksi
eksternal (Cont’d)
1 1
2
3
1. Air termination
3 2. Down conductor
3. Grounding system
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2
2
3
3
1. Air termination
2. Down conductor 2
3. Grounding system 3
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Metode
perancangan sistem
proteksi petir
eksternal
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Rancangan sistem proteksi
petir eksternal
Metoda sistem proteksi kerucut
Metoda sangkar faraday
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Sistem proteksi
kerucut adalah
metoda sederhana
dengan membuat
daerah lindung
sesuai dengan
konduktor tegak
(Franklin rod)
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Metoda sangkar faraday
Sangkar faraday
Sangkar faraday
adalah kombinasi
konduktor finial dengan
hantaran turun atau
stuktur metal pada
bangunan yang
terhubung satu dengan
lainnya secara
konduktif sehingga
membentuk sangkar
metal
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(b)
(a)
•(a) Air Terminations on pitched roof : A = 20 ft (6 m) maximum spacing,
and shall be located within B = 24 in. (0.6 m) of ends of ridges
•(b) Air Terminations on gently sloping roof : A = 50 ft (15 m) maximum
spacing and B = 20 ft (6 m) maximum spacing
•(c) Air Terminations on flat roof : A = 50 ft (15 m) maximum spacing
between air terminal, B = 150 ft (45 m) maximum length of cross run
conductor permitted without a connection from the cross run conductor (c)
to the main perimeter or down conductor and C = 20 ft (6 m) maximum
spacing between air terminals along edge
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Metoda rolling sphere
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Metoda rolling sphere
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Jarak sambar
Salah satu metoda untuk menghitung daerah
lindung dan sudut lindung sebuah air terminal
adalah metoda bola gelinding – rolling sphere
method.
Jarak sambar – striking distance adalah jarak
antara lidah petir ke bawah – downward leader
sesaat sebelum bersatu dengan lidah penyonsong
– upward leader pada titik sambar petir.
Secara empiris jarak sambaran merupakan fungsi
dari arus puncak petir, dan sebagian peneliti juga
menurunkan bahwa jarak sambar adalah fungsi
tinggi stuktur
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Jarak sambar
r = 6.7 I0.85
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Determine level protection : risk analysis (ex: I, II, III, IV? – IEC
62305-2/61662)
Example : from risk analysis result, the structure to be
protected in level IV
Find out percentage of “minimum values of lightning current” (ex:
99%, 93%, 85%)
Lightning protection level IV the probability of lightning
current parameter is 85%
From (local or standard) lightning current distribution curve,
determine the current
85% of lightning current in the area is >25 kA (negative strokes)
• it is mean that lightning current greater than 25 kA shall be
protected by external protection of the structure,
• less than 25 kA is unprotected or electrical system and
electronics within structure should be protected by internal
protection
Calculate the striking distance or the radius of the rolling sphere
(ex: r = 6.7 r0.8)
R = 6.7 * 250.8 = 88 m
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Sudut lindung
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Sudut lindung
Sedangkan sudut lindung dua buah batang tegak yang
terpisah sejarak S dapat didekati dengan :
Untuk s<2r
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IV 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 20 x 20
h(m)
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Contoh untuk r > h (I >>)
r
protected area h
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unprotected area
r
r
h
r
protected area
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r
Daerah lindung 2 tiang
vertikal
r
protected area
r
r h1
r
r
h2
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Standar Isolator
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