DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... i
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ ii
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. v
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... vi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 3
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 3
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................... 4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Radikal Bebas ......................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Jenis Radikal Bebas ........................................................................... 5
2.1.2 Mekanisme Pembentukan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) .............. 4
2.1.3 Sumber Radikal Bebas ........................................................................ 9
2.1.4 Efek Radikal Bebas Pada Tubuh ......................................................... 14
2.2 Antioksidan .. ............................................................................................. 17
2.2.1 Sumber Antioksidan ............................................................................ 18
2.2.2 Jenis Antioksidan ................................................................................ 22
2.2.3 Mekanisme Kerja Antioksidan ............................................................ 26
2.3 Penyakit Degeneratif dan Stres Oksidatif ................................................... 28
2.3.1 Dasar Teori Penuaan dan Penyakit Degeneratif ............................... 28
2.3.2 Stres Oksidatif Pada Penyakit Degeneratif....................................... 33
2.4 Pulutan (Urena lobata) ............................................................................. 36
2.4.1 Taksonomi ........................................................................................ 36
2.4.2 Morfologi ......................................................................................... 37
2.4.3 Kandungan zat aktif ......................................................................... 37
2.4.4 Efek Farmakologi Urena lobata ...................................................... 38
2.4.4.1 Efek Urena lobata Berdasarkan Data Empirik ............................ 38
2.4.4.2 Efek Urena lobata Berdasarkan Uji Pra klinik ............................ 39
2.5 Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmanii) ..................................................... 41

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 2.5.1 Taksonomi ........................................................................................ 41
2.5.2 Morfologi .......................................................................................... 41
2.5.3 Kandungan Zat Aktif ........................................................................ 42
2.5.4 Efek Farmakologi Cinnamomum burmanii ...................................... 44
2.5.4.1 Efek Cinnamomum burmanii Berdasarkan Data Empirik ............44
2.5.4.2 Efek Cinnamomum burmanii Berdasarkan Uji Pra klinik ............44
2.6 Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan ............................................................................ 45
BAB III KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS
3.1 Kerangka Konsep Penelitian ........................................................................... 50
3.2 Hipotesis.......................................................................................................... 52
3.3 Variabel Penelitian .......................................................................................... 52
3.4 Definisi Operasional........................................................................................ 52
BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN
4.1 Desain Penelitian ........................................................................................... 54
4.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................................... 54
4.3 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ............................................................................ 54
4.3.1 Ekstrak Tanaman Uji.............................................................................. 54
4.3.2 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ..................................................................... 55
4.3.2.1 Alat dan Bahan Pembuatan Ekstrak ................................................. 55
4.3.2.2 Alat dan Bahan Pengukuran Aktivitas Antioksidan ......................... 55
4.4 Tahapan Penelitian ........................................................................................ 56
4.4.1 Pembuatan Ekstrak Daun Urena lobata dan Kulit Batang Cinnamommum
burmanii..................................................................................................56
4.4.2 Pembuatan Larutan Sampel Ekstrak Daun Urena lobata.......................56
4.4.3 Pembuatan Larutan Sampel Ekstrak Kulit Batang Cinnamommum
burmanii .................................................................................................57
4.4.4 Pembuatan Larutan Sampel Vitamin C ................................................. 57
4.4.5 Penentuan Nilai IC-50 Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Urena lobata,
Cinnamomum burmanii, dan Vitamin C................................................58
4.4.6 Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Urena lobata dan
Cinnamomum burmanii.........................................................................59
4.5. Analisa Statistik............................................................................................61
4.6 Diagram Alur Penelitian .............................................................................. 62

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................. 63

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman
Tabel 2.1 Macam – macam ROS............................................................................ 6
Tabel 2.2 Macam – macam RNS.............................................................................7
Tabel 2.3 Reaksi Redoks Berbagai Macam ROS....................................................8
Tabel 2.4 Peran Asam Askorbat Sebagai Antioksidan ....................................... 16
Tabel 2.5 Kandungan Nutrisi Urena lobata .......................................................... 38
Tabel 2.6 Kandungan Nutrisi Penghasil Energi Cinnamomum burmanii ............. 42
Tabel 2.7 Kandungan Mineral Penghasil Energi Cinnamomum burmanii ........... 52
Tabel 4.1 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitiaan ............................................................. 54
Tabel 4.2 Prosen Inhibisi dan IC-50 Ekstrak Simplisia dan Pembanding.............59
Tabel 4.3 Prosen Inhibisi Ekstrak Kombinasi Herbal ........................................... 60

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman
Gambar 2.1 Sumber Radikal Bebas .................................................................... 13
Gambar 2.2 Kerusakan DNA Akibat Radikal Bebas ........................................... 11
Gambar 2.3 Struktur BHA, BHT, TBHQ, dan PG .............................................. 23
Gambar 2.4 Struktur Kimia Vitamin E ................................................................ 25
Gambar 2.5 Pertahanan Sel Terhadap ROS ......................................................... 27
Gambar 2.6 Mekanisme Pemberian Elektron Oleh Antioksidan ......................... 27
Gambar 2.7 Proses Pemendekan Telomer ............................................................ 29
Gambar 2.8 Herba Pulutan (Urena lobata) .......................................................... 36
Gambar 2.9 Herbal Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmanii) ................................. 41
Gambar 2.10 Struktur Kimia Doubly-linked procyanidin, Cinnamaldehyde, dan
Ethyl Cinnamate ............................................................................... 44
Gambar 2.11 Diphenylpicrylhydrazil ................................................................... .48
Gambar 2.12 Diphenylpicrylhydrazine .................................................................... 48

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