RINGKASAN

Novita Sari. 155040200111092. Potensi Bakteri Antagonis Pada Limbah Cair Tahu Untuk
Menghambat Bakteri Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines Penyebab Penyakit Pustul
Bakteri Pada Kedelai (Glycine max L.). Di bawah bimbingan Luqman Qurata Aini, SP.,
M.Si., Ph.D sebagai Pembimbing Utama dan Restu Rizkyta Kusuma, SP., M.Sc sebagai
Pembimbing Pendamping.

Kedelai (Glycine max L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman palawija di Indonesia. Kedelai
merupakan salah satu bahan baku pembuatan tahu. Proses produksi tahu di Indonesia masih
menggunakan cara yang tradisional sehingga menghasilkan limbah cair. Pada limbah cair tahu
mengandung bahan organik tinggi dan diduga terdapat mikroorganisme salah satunya yaitu
bakteri. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan bahwa pada limbah cair tahu mampu menghasilkan
bakteri yang dapat mengendalikan patogen tanaman. Sehingga, perlu dilakukan kajian terkait
dengan potensi bakteri antagonis pada limbah cair tahu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk
mengkaji bakteri antagonis pada limbah cair tahu serta potensi bakteri dalam mengendalikan
penyakit pustul bakteri secara in vitro.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit
Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya Malang mulai bulan Desember 2018 hingga
bulan Mei 2019. Tahapan penelitian meliputi isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri penyebab penyakit
pustul bakteri, eksplorasi dan seleksi bakteri limbah cair tahu, uji hipersensitif bakteri antagonis
limbah cair tahu, uji penghambatan bakteri antagonis terhadap X. axonopodis pv. glycines secara
in vitro menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 8 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 4
kali, serta karakterisasi dan identifikasi bakteri sampai tingkat genus.
Hasil eksplorasi diperoleh 60 isolat bakteri limbah cair tahu dengan 33 isolat bakteri yang
memiliki kemampuan antagonis pada X.a. pv. glycines. Dari 33 isolat bakteri dipilih 6 bakteri
terbaik yaitu isolat bakteri dengan kode A1, A2, A15, C8, D7, dan D9 untuk uji selanjutnya.
Hasil uji antagonis menunjukkan bahwa 6 isolat bakteri limbah cair tahu terpilih mampu
menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri X.a pv. glycines. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan antar
perlakuan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap hasil rerata diameter zona bening terhadap
bakteri X.a. pv. glycines. Dari keenam isolat bakteri terpilih, didapatkan hasil rerata diameter
zona bening yang tertinggi yaitu pada isolat C8, D7, dan D9 sedangkan hasil terendah yaitu pada
isolat A1, A2, dan A15. Hasil rerata diameter zona bening keenam isolat bakteri berbeda nyata
terhadap kontrol Streptomicin. Hasil rerata diameter zona bening isolat A1, A2, dan A15 tidak
berbeda nyata terhadap kontrol akuades sterill. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi dan identifikasi
terhadap bakteri antagonis diketahui bahwa isolat A1, C8, dan D9 termasuk ke dalam genus
Erwinia. Isolat bakteri A2 dan A15 termasuk ke dalam genus Clostridium. Isolat bakteri C8
termasuk ke dalam genus Pantoea.
 SUMMARY

Novita Sari. 155040200111092. Potential Antagonistic Bacteria in Tofu Liquid Waste to

Inhibit Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Glycines Causes of Bacterial Pustules in Soybean
(Glycine max L.). Under the guidance of Luqman Qurata Aini, SP., M.Si., Ph.D as the Main
Advisor and Restu Rizkyta Kusuma, SP., M.Sc as the Mentor Advisor.

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the secondary crops in Indonesia. Soybean is one of the
raw materials for making tofu. Tofu production in Indonesia still uses traditional methods to
produce liquid waste. Tofu liquid waste contains high organic matter and is thought to have
microorganisms, one of which is bacteria. Several studies have shown that tofu liquid waste can
produce bacteria that can control plant pathogens. So, it is necessary to do a study related to the
potential of antagonistic bacteria in tofu liquid waste. The purpose of this study is to study
antagonistic bacteria in tofu liquid waste and the potential of bacteria in controlling bacterial
pustules in vitro.
The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Department of Plant
Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University Malang, started in December
2018 until May 2019. The stages of the study included isolation and identification of bacteria
causing bacterial pustules, exploration and selection of tofu liquid waste bacteria,
hypersensitivity of waste antagonistic bacteria liquid know, test the inhibition of antagonistic
bacteria against X. axonopodis pv. glycines in vitro used 8 completely randomized designs
(RAL) and repeated 4 times, as well as characterizing and identifying bacteria to the genus level.
The exploration results obtained 60 isolates of tofu liquid waste bacteria with 33 bacterial
isolates that had antagonistic abilities at X.a. pv. glycines. From the 33 bacterial isolates, 6 of the
best bacteria were selected, namely bacterial isolates with codes A1, A2, A15, C8, D7, and D9
for further testing. The antagonistic test results showed that 6 isolates of selected tofu liquid
waste bacteria were able to inhibit the growth of bacteria X.a pv. glycines. The results of the
variance analysis showed that between treatments gave a real effect on the results of the average
clear zone diameter of bacteria X.a. pv. glycines. From the six selected bacterial isolates, the
highest clear zone diameter results were obtained, namely in isolates C8, D7, and D9 while the
lowest results were in isolates A1, A2, and A15. The results of the average clear zone diameter
of the six bacterial isolates were significantly different from the Streptomycin control. The mean
diameter of clear zone isolates A1, A2, and A15 were not significantly different from the control
of sterilized aquades. Based on the results of characterization and identification of antagonistic
bacteria it is known that isolates A1, C8, and D9 belong to the genus Erwinia. The bacterial
isolates A2 and A15 belong to the genus Clostridium. C8 bacterial isolates belong to the Pantoea
genus.