ARSITEKTUR POSTMODERN

PERTEMUAN 3
(Bagian I)

Casa Vanna Ventury sketched by Theo Iorga

https://www.pixoto.com/images-traditional-art/drawing/all-drawing/postmodernism-
6607030437543936

TEORI ARSITEKTUR | DA5213 | UKDW

7 SEPTEMBER 2018
POSTMODERN ARCHITECTURE
 Jean-François Lyotard (1924 -1998)
“THE POST MODERN CONDITION” (1979) *

Kondisi postmodern menandai akhir dari

harapan muluk modernitas dan kebuntuan
teori-teori sosial yang bersifat totalisasi,
dan politik revolusioner masa lalu.

Postmodernitas lebih merupakan bentuk

pengetahuan, alih-alih kondisi masyarakat.
Pengetahuan postmodern mempertajam
sensitifitas kita terhadap perbedaan-
perbedaan dan memperkuat kita untuk
lebih toleran terhadap hal-hal yang tidak
terukur.

Postmodern juga diartikan sebagai

penolakan terhadap filsafat metafisika,
filsafat sejarah dan bentuk pemikiran total
(Hegelianisme, Liberalisme, Marxisme).
*) materi kuliah Prof.Iwan Sudrajat
 Jean-François Lyotard
“THE POST MODERN CONDITION” (1979) *

Pengetahuan berubah ketika masyarakat

memasuki era pasca industri,dan budaya
berubah ketika memasuki era pasca
modern.

Masyarakat pasca industri adalah

masyarakat komputer, informasi,
pengetahuan ilmiah, teknologi maju, dan
perubahan yang serba cepat. → teknologi
dan pengetahuan sebagai prinsip organisasi
sosial.

Pendekatan “language games”:

–> Dalam post modernitas, pengetahuan
naratif (narrative knowledge) digantikan
dengan pluralitas permainan bahasa,
universalisme diganti dengan lokalisme.
*) materi kuliah Prof.Iwan Sudrajat
 Jean-François Lyotard
“THE POST MODERN CONDITION” (1979) *

Manusia memahami berbagai makna

(discourse) sebagai permainan bahasa yang
memiliki aturan, struktur dan gerak
tersendiri. Interaksi sosial diartikan sebagai
pengambilan peran dalam suatu
permainan.
→ Diperlukan analisis mikro yang bersifat
lokal.

Dalam masyarakat pasca modern individu

berjuang dalam berbagai permainan
bahasa dalam lingkungan yang antagonistik,
dicirikan oleh diversitas, konflik dan
kesulitan mencapai konsensus.

Pengetahuan pasca modern yang bersifat

lokal mencari paralogisme, penemuan baru
yang mampu mendestabilisasikan bentuk
pengetahuan yang telah ada.
*) materi kuliah Prof.Iwan Sudrajat
 Jean-François Lyotard
“THE POST MODERN CONDITION”
(1979) *

“Post modern science is theorizing its

own evolution as discontinuous,
catastrophic, non-rectifiable, and
paradoxical”.

Pengetahuan postmodern
menyingkirkan gagasan tentang jagad
yang stabil. Pengetahuan harus selalu
memodifikasi diri, harus tentatif dan
probabilistik.

Lyotard menolak teori-teori sosial yang

bersifat totalisasi (master narratives),
reduksionis, simplistis dan bahkan
teroris.

*) materi kuliah Prof.Iwan Sudrajat

 Post - Modern
Regionalism
Fictional representation, figurative form/ berpola
Building as work of art
Respect to multiplicity of meaning
Fiction as well as function
Respect to plural references, eclectic
Respect to memory and history
Poetry
Pro improvisation and spontaneity/imperfectness)
Relativism/ respond to history, regional and
topological condition
Modern
Internationalism
Geometric abstraction
Building in term of functional
Anti metaphor and symbolic language
Function, no fiction
A dominant style
Free from memory and history
Technological utopianism/menarik
Perfection
Building as autonomous, universally valid
geometric form
 A. IDEOLOGY
Post - Modern Modern
Multivalent Form Univalent Form
Hybrid Expression Straightforwardness
Schizophrenics Vulgar
Double coding No Style/ International style
Ambiguity of formal reading –
Popular and pluralist Utopian and idealist
Tradition and choice Zeitgeist (spirit of the time)
Artist/client Artist as prophet/guru teori baru
Elitist and participative Elitist

B. METHODS
Charles Jencks (1977 – 1992) Post - Modern Modern
Functional mixing Functional separation
Contextual urbanism City in park
Mannerist and baroque Skin and bone
Skew space and extension Volume not mass
Ambiguity Transparency
Tend to asymmetrical symmetry Asymmetry and regularity
Collage/collision Harmonious integration

C. STYLE
Post - Modern Modern
Pro metaphor Anti metaphor
Pro ornament Anti
Pro symbolic Anti
Pro humor Anti
Pro historic memory Anti historical reference
Eclectic Purism
Pro representation Anti
Conventional and abstract form Abstract form
Elitist and participative elitist
Casa "Il Girasole“
Luigi Moretti (1950)

A bit of madness on the solidity

of Roman’s wall

http://www.archdaily.com/535511/ad-classics-casa-il-girasole-luigi-moretti
Casa "Il Girasole“
Luigi Moretti (1950)

http://www.archdaily.com/535511/ad-classics-casa-il-girasole-luigi-moretti
 Casa "Il Girasole“
Luigi Moretti (1950)
One of the earliest critiques of the project,
published in 1953, described the project
as an “eclectic” design, but one that could
still be understood in modernist terms. [3]
However, sixty years of hindsight suggests
that the building borrows language
from its modernist predecessors,
but in breaking free of the
modernist “box” and reinventing
the roles of formal and structural
elements
loudly rejects and even
satirizes the limits of
modernist doctrine.

http://www.archdaily.com/535511/ad-classics-casa-il-girasole-luigi-moretti
Casa "Il Girasole“
Luigi Moretti (1950)
“Allusions to historical precedent in “Il
Girasole” have also generated discussion
about the role of the building as a pioneer
of postmodern design. Moretti, a lifelong student of
Renaissance and Baroque architecture, references historical
ideas throughout the building’s composition and formal tropes
in same way that some postmodern architects later purported
to “reanimate history” through their own designs.
…
The building is also thought to have influenced Venturi’s most
famous project, the Vanna Venturi House, which incorporates a
strikingly similar aedicular split in its front façade. Because of
these references, “Il
Girasole” is routinely
appropriated as one of the major
forerunners to postmodern architecture in
scholarship and exhibitions.”

http://www.archdaily.com/535511/ad-classics-casa-il-girasole-luigi-moretti
AT&T Building (1984)
New York by
Johnson/Burgee
“In 1979, a full five years before it
opened, Philip Johnson graced the
cover of Time Magazine holding a
model of the planned skyscraper. In
several ways, this image
portrayed a turning point
in American architecture
that transcended stylistic and formal
trends. It heralded the dawn of a new
era of iconic architecture intended for
mass consumption. For this,
Postmodernism in particular
was well-suited, as it was
fundamentally a populist movement
rooted in an accessible common
history only too eager to cater itself to
the whims of capitalist enterprise.”
http://www.archdaily.com/611169/ad-classics-at-and-t-building-philip-
johnson-and-john-burgee
 AT&T Building (1984)
New York by
Johnson/Burgee

Regarded as the
first
Postmodern skyscraper, the
37-storey building – designed by Philip
Johnson and John Burgee – featured a
number of ornamental flourishes, from its
granite cladding and "Chippendale" roof
line to its brass and marble finishes on
the interior.

"The announcement of this project made

the front page of The New York Times not
because of its size or economic impact,
but because of its heralding of a
new architectural era," wrote
architecture critic Carter B Horsley in The
City Review.
https://www.dezeen.com/2015/08/28/postmodernism-architecture-att-building-sony-
tower-philip-johnson-john-burgee-new-york/
 AT&T Building (1984)
New York by
Johnson/Burgee

Johnson was an early – and forceful –

advocate for Modernism in America. A
1932 exhibition he co-curated at MoMA is credited with
introducing the term International Style. But his tastes started
to shift in the 1960s as glass towers became more
commonplace.

"What fascinated him most was the idea of the new, and once
he had helped establish Modernist architecture in the United
he moved on, experimenting
States,

with decorative Classicism,

embracing the reuse of historical
elements that would become known
as Postmodernism," wrote critic Paul Goldberger
in 2005 upon Johnson's death at the age of 98.

https://www.dezeen.com/2015/08/28/postmodernism-architecture-att-building-sony-tower-philip-
johnson-john-burgee-new-york/