BAB 1 Pekerjaan Persiapan .............................................................................................................. xx
1.1. Metode Pelaksanaan Konstruksi ..................................................................................... xx 1.2. Metode Pelaksanaan Persiapan...................................................................................... xx 1.2.1. Perencanaan Site Plan .......................................................................................... xx 1.2.1.1. Kantor Proyek / Direksi Keet..................................................................... xx 1.2.1.2. Gudang Material dan Peralatan ................................................................ xx 1.2.1.3. Base Camp Staff dan Barak Pekerja ........................................................ xx 1.2.1.4. Los Kerja Besi dan Kayu .......................................................................... xx 1.2.1.5. Pagar Proyek ............................................................................................ xx 1.2.1.6. Jalan Kerja ................................................................................................ xx 1.2.1.7. Penempatan Alat Berat, Tower Crane, dan Lift Bahan ............................ xx 1.2.1.8. Pembuatan Komponen Precast ................................................................ xx 1.2.2. Perhitungan Kebutuhan Sumber Daya .................................................................. xx 1.2.2.1. Kebutuhan Listrik Kerja ............................................................................. xx 1.2.2.2. Kebutuhan Air Kerja .................................................................................. xx 1.2.3. Pembuatan Shop Drawing (Gambar Kerja) ........................................................... xx 1.2.4. Pengadaan Material untuk Pekerjaan Persiapan .................................................. xx 1.2.5. Mobilisasi Peralatan ............................................................................................... xx 1.2.6. Pelaksanaan di Lapangan ..................................................................................... xx BAB 2 Metode Pelaksanaan Bangunan Gedung .............................................................................. xx BAB 3 Pekerjaan Struktur Bawah 3.1. Pekerjaan Pondasi .......................................................................................................... xx 3.1.1. Pengertian dan Fungsi Pondasi............................................................................. xx 3.1.2. Persyaratan Perencanaan Pondasi ....................................................................... xx 3.1.3. Pemilihan Pondasi Berdasarkan Daya Dukung Tanah ......................................... xx 3.1.4. Jenis-Jenis Pondasi ............................................................................................... xx 3.1.4.1. Pondasi Dangkal ....................................................................................... xx 3.1.4.1.1. Pondasi Tapak .......................................................................... xx 3.1.4.1.2. Pondasi Jalur Atau Memanjang (Strip Foundation) ................. xx Persiapan Pembuatan Galian Urugan Pasir Pasangan Pondasi Pasangan Pondasi Batu Kali 3.1.4.1.3. Pondasi Tikar (Raft Foundation) .............................................. xx 3.1.4.1.4. Pondasi Sumuran ..................................................................... xx 3.1.4.1.5. Pondasi Umpak ........................................................................ xx 3.1.4.1.6. Pondasi Plat Beton Lajur .......................................................... xx Metode Pelaksanaan Pondasi Plat Lajur 3.1.4.1.7. Pondasi Konstruksi Sarang Laba-Laba .................................... xx 3.1.4.2. Pondasi Dalam ......................................................................................... xx 3.1.4.2.1. Pondasi Tiang Pancang ........................................................... xx Pemilihan Alat a. Hydraulic Static Pile Driver (HSPD) b. Drop Hammer Quality Control 3.1.4.2.2. Pondasi Bored Pile ................................................................... xx 1. Jenis Pondasi Bored Pile Berdasarkan Alat - Bore Pile Mini Crane - Bore Pile Gawangan - Strauss Pile 2. Metode Pekerjaan Pondasi Bored Pile - Marking dan Setting Out Posisi Pile - Proses Pengeboran - Metode Kering - Metode Basah - Metode Casing - Proses Pembersihan Lubang - Proses Pengecekkan Kedalaman Dasar Pengeboran - Proses Reinforcement Steel Cage - Proses Pengecoran Beton 3.1.4.2.3. Pondasi Franki Pile................................................................... xx 3.1.4.2.4. Pondasi Piers ........................................................................... xx 3.2. Pekerjaan Galian ............................................................................................................. xx 3.2.1. Pekerjaan Persiapan Galian .................................................................................. xx 3.2.2. Pekerjaan Galian ................................................................................................... xx 3.2.2.1 Hal - Hal 3.2.3. Pekerjaan Well Point / Dewatering ........................................................................ xx 3.2.4. Pekerjaan Urugan / Timbunan ............................................................................... xx 3.2.4.1. Kondisi Tempat Kerja ............................................................................... xx 3.2.4.2. Perbaikan Terhadap Timbunan ................................................................ xx 3.2.4.3. Pengembalian Bentuk Pekerjaan Setelah Pengujian ............................... xx 3.2.4.4. Cuaca yang Diijinkan untuk Bekerja ......................................................... xx 3.2.4.5. Bahan untuk Timbunan Biasa................................................................... xx 3.2.4.6. Bahan untuk Timbunan Pilihan ................................................................. xx 3.2.4.7. Bahan untuk Timbunan Pilihan di Atas Tanah Rawa ............................... xx 3.2.4.8. Penghamparan Timbunan ........................................................................ xx 3.2.4.8.1. Tahap Persiapan ...................................................................... xx 3.2.4.8.2. Tahap Turap ............................................................................. xx 3.2.4.8.3. Tahap Urugan........................................................................... xx 3.2.4.8.4. Faktor Gangguan Air ................................................................ xx 3.2.4.8.5. Proses Perbaikan Pekerjaan .................................................... xx 3.2.4.8.6. Pemeriksaan dan Pengujian .................................................... xx 3.2.5. Pekerjaan Pemadatan ........................................................................................... xx 3.2.6. Pekerjaan Buang Tanah ........................................................................................ xx 3.3. Pekerjaan Pile Cap .......................................................................................................... xx 3.4. Pekerjaan Sloof / Tie Beam ............................................................................................. xx 3.4.1. Metode Pelaksanaan Pemasangan Bekisting Batako Putih untuk Poer dan Sloof ... ............................................................................................................................... xx 3.4.2. Metode Pelaksanaan Pemasangan Bekisting Kayu untuk Poer dan Sloof ........... xx 3.5. Pekerjaan Retaining Wall ................................................................................................ xx 3.5.1. Dinding Penahan Tanah Massa (Gravity Retaining Wall) ..................................... xx 3.5.2. Dinding Penahan Tanah Tipe Jepit ....................................................................... xx 3.5.3. Dinding Penahan Tanah Tipe Turap (Sheet Pile).................................................. xx 3.5.4. Dinding Penahan Tanah Brojong (Gabion) ........................................................... xx 3.5.5. Dinding Penahan Tanah Tipe Blok Beton (Block Concrete) ................................. xx 3.5.6. Dinding Penahan Tanah Tipe Diaphragm Wall ..................................................... xx 3.5.7. Dinding Penahan Tanah Contiguous Pile dan Soldier Pile ................................... xx 3.5.8. Revetment.............................................................................................................. xx 3.6. Pekerjaan Basement ....................................................................................................... xx 3.6.1 Bagian Pekerjaan Basement ................................................................................. xx 3.6.2 Permasalahan Pembuatan Basement ................................................................... xx 3.6.3 Basement Sistem Bottom Up ................................................................................. xx 3.6.3.1 Keuntungan dan Kerugian Bottom Up ...................................................... xx 3.6.3.2 Metode Pekerjaan Bottom Up .................................................................. xx 3.6.4 Basement Sistem Top Down ................................................................................. xx 3.6.4.1 Keuntungan dan Kerugian Top Down ...................................................... xx 3.6.4.2 Metode Pekerjaan Top Down ................................................................... xx 3.6.4.3 King Post..................................................................................................xxc BAB 4 Pekerjaan Struktur Atas ......................................................................................................... xx 4.1. Pekerjaan Kolom ............................................................................................................. xx 4.1.1. Pengertian dan Fungsi Kolom ............................................................................... xx 4.1.2. Metode Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Kolom ................................................................ xx 4.1.3. Bekisting Kolom ..................................................................................................... xx 4.2. Pekerjaan Dinding (Shear Wall) ...................................................................................... xx 4.2.1. Pengertian dan Fungsi Dinding (Shear Wall) ........................................................ xx 4.2.2. Metode Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Dinding (Shear Wall) ......................................... xx 4.2.3. Bekisting Dinding (Shear Wall) .............................................................................. xx 4.3. Pekerjaan Balok .............................................................................................................. xx 4.3.1. Pengertian dan Fungsi Balok................................................................................. xx 4.3.2. Metode Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Balok .................................................................. xx 4.3.3. Bekisting Balok ...................................................................................................... xx 4.4. Pekerjaan Plat Lantai ...................................................................................................... xx 4.4.1. Pengertian dan Fungsi Plat Lantai......................................................................... xx 4.4.2. Metode Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Plat Lantai .......................................................... xx 4.4.3. Bekisting Plat Lantai .............................................................................................. xx 4.5. Pekerjaan Tangga ........................................................................................................... xx 4.5.1. Pengertian dan Fungsi Tangga ............................................................................. xx 4.5.2. Metode Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Tangga .............................................................. xx 4.5.3. Bekisting Tangga ................................................................................................... xx 4.6. Metode Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Pembesian Tulangan dan Kait Secara Umum ............ xx 4.6.1. Pengadaan Material Baja Tulangan ...................................................................... xx 4.6.2. Penyimpanan Besi Beton ...................................................................................... xx 4.6.3. Pemotongan dan Pembengkokkan Besi Beton ..................................................... xx 4.6.4. Pemasangan Besi Beton ....................................................................................... xx 4.6.5. Pengecakan Tulangan ........................................................................................... xx 4.6.6. Syarat-Syarat Pembesian ...................................................................................... xx 4.7. Metode Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Bekisting Secara Umum .............................................. xx 4.7.1. Perencanaan Bekisting Beton Bertulang ............................................................... xx 4.7.2. Pengadaan Bekisting ............................................................................................. xx 4.7.3. Pemasangan Bekisting .......................................................................................... xx 4.7.4. Pembongkaran Bekisting ....................................................................................... xx 4.7.5. Pemilahan Bekisting .............................................................................................. xx 4.7.5. Syarat-Syarat Pemasangan dan Pembongkaran Bekisting .................................. xx 4.8. Metode Pengecoran dan Pemadatan Beton Secara Umum ........................................... xx 4.8.1. Alat-Alat Pengecoran ............................................................................................. xx 4.8.2. Proses Pengangkutan Beton ................................................................................. xx 4.8.3. Proses Persiapan Lokasi Pengecoran .................................................................. xx 4.8.4. Proses Pengecoran ............................................................................................... xx 4.8.4.1. Teknik Pengecoran ................................................................................... xx 4.8.4.2. Beton Site Mix ........................................................................................... xx 4.8.4.3. Beton Ready Mix ...................................................................................... xx 4.8.5. Proses Pemadatan (Compacting) Beton ............................................................... xx 4.8.5.1. Pengertian dan Pedoman Umum Pemadatan Beton ............................... xx 4.8.5.2. Teknik Pemadatan Beton ......................................................................... xx 4.8.6. Proses Finishing Beton 4.8.6.1. Screeding .................................................................................................. xx 4.8.6.2. Hand Tamping .......................................................................................... xx 4.8.6.3. Floating ..................................................................................................... xx 4.8.6.4. Edging ....................................................................................................... xx 4.8.6.5. Trowelling.................................................................................................. xx 4.8.6.6. Brooming................................................................................................... xx 4.8.6.7. Grinding .................................................................................................... xx 4.8.6.8. Sack-Rubbed Finish ................................................................................. xx 4.8.6.9. Exposed Aggregate Finish........................................................................ xx 4.8.7. Proses Perawatan (Curing) Beton ......................................................................... xx 4.8.8. Proses Evaluasi dan Pengendalian Mutu Beton ................................................... xx 4.8.8.1. Tujuan dan Veriabilitas dari Proses Evaluasi dan Pengendalian Mutu Beton......................................................................................................... xx 4.8.8.2. Pengujian Kualitas Beton.......................................................................... xx 4.8.8.2.1. Pengujian Destruktif ................................................................. xx 4.8.8.2.2. Pengujian Non-Destruktif ......................................................... xx 4.8.8.3. Syarat-Syarat Evaluasi dan Penerimaan Beton ....................................... xx 4.8.8.3.1. Syarat-Syarat Evaluasi dan Penerimaan Uji Kuat Tekan Beton .. .................................................................................................. xx 4.8.8.4. Langkah-Langkah Pemeriksaan Mutu Beton di Lapangan ...................... xx 4.9 Perbaikan Beton .............................................................................................................. xx 4.10 Permasalahan Beton di Lapangan................................................................................. xx 4.10.1 Berbagai Permasalahan Konstruksi Beton........................................................... xx 4.10.2 Faktor Permasalahan Beton ................................................................................. xx BAB 5 Pekerjaan Arsitektur 5.1. Finishing Lantai ................................................................................................................ xx 5.1.1. Metode Pemasangan Lantai Keramik ................................................................. xx 5.1.1.1 Metode Perbaikan Lantai Keramik .......................................................... xx 5.1.1.1.1 Metode Perbaikan Keramik Retak .............................................. xx 5.1.1.1.2 Metode Perbaikan Keramik Kopong ........................................... xx 5.1.2. Metode Pemasangan Lantai Marmer / Granit (Sistem Basah) ........................... xx 5.1.3. Metode Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Screed Lantai .................................................. xx 5.1.4. Metode Pelaksanaan Expansion Joint ................................................................ xx 5.1.5. Metode Pemasangan Waterproofing Type Bithune ............................................ xx 5.1.6. Metode Pemasangan Waterproofing Membrane ................................................ xx 5.1.7. Metode Pelaksanaan Cor Nad ............................................................................ xx 5.2. Finishing Dinding .............................................................................................................. xx 5.2.1. Metode Pelaksanaan Plesteran Dinding ............................................................. xx 5.2.2. Metode Pemasangan Dinding Keramik ............................................................... xx 5.2.3. Metode Pemasangan Dinding Marmer / Granit (Sistem Basah) ......................... xx 5.2.4. Metode Pemasangan Dinding Marmer / Granit (Sistem Kering) ......................... xx 5.2.5. Metode Pelaksanaan Pasangan Dinding Bata Ringan ....................................... xx 5.3. Finishing Plafond .............................................................................................................. xx 5.3.1. Metode Pemasangan Plafond Gypsum ............................................................... xx 5.3.2. Metode Pemasangan Plafond Plywood .............................................................. xx 5.4. Finishing Cat ..................................................................................................................... xx 5.4.1. Metode Pengecatan Dinding ............................................................................... xx 5.5. Finishing Sanitasi ............................................................................................................. xx 5.5.1. Metode Pemasangan Lavatory / Wastafel .......................................................... xx 5.5.2. Metode Pemasangan Urinoir ............................................................................... xx 5.5.3. Metode Pemasangan Closet ............................................................................... xx 5.6. Finishing Pintu dan Jendela ............................................................................................. xx 5.6.1. Metode Pemasangan Kusen Aluminium ............................................................. xx 5.6.2. Metode Pemasangan Kusen Kayu ...................................................................... xx 5.6.3 Metode Pemasangan Kaca ................................................................................. xx 5.6.4 Metode Pemasangan Glacade ............................................................................ xx 5.7. Finishing Façade .............................................................................................................. xx 5.7.1 Metode Pemasangan ACP ................................................................................. xx 5.8. Finishing Infrastruktur ....................................................................................................... xx 5.8.1 Metode Pemasangan Paving ............................................................................. xx 5.9. Lain-Lain ........................................................................................................................... xx 5.9.1. Metode Pemasangan Genteng Metal .................................................................. xx 5.9.2. Metode Pemasangan Railing Tangga Kayu dan Besi ......................................... xx 5.9.3. Metode Pelaksanaan Topi Jendela ..................................................................... xx 5.10 Metode Pelaksanaan Precast 5.10.1. Metode Pelaksanaan Precast Tali Air ................................................................. xx 5.10.2. Metode Pelaksanaan Precast Console ............................................................... xx 5.10.3. Metode Pelaksanaan Precast List Plank ............................................................. xx 5.10.4. Metode Pelaksanaan Precast Dinding Rumah ................................................... xx 5.10.5. Metode Pelaksanaan Precast Panel GRC .......................................................... xx 5.10.6. Metode Pelaksanaan Precast Meja Dapur .......................................................... xx BAB 6 Gondola ................................................................................................... xx 6.1 Jenis Gondola ................................................................................................... xx 6.1.1 Gondola Temporary............................................................................................. xx 6.1.2 Gondola Permanent ............................................................................................ xx 6.2 Perbedaan Mekanisme Kerja Lifting Sistem ..................................................................... xx BAB 7 Pengelasan ................................................................................................... xx 7.1 Jenis – Jenis Pengelasan ................................................................................................. xx 7.2 Peralatan Las ................................................................................................... xx 7.3 Cara Pengelasan ................................................................................................... xx 7.4 Syarat Keamanan Pengelasan ......................................................................................... xx 7.5 Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) / GTAW Argon (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) .......................... xx 7.6 Macam – Macam Cacat Las ............................................................................................. xx 7.7 Cacat Non Visual dan Visual ............................................................................................ xx 7.8 Macam – Macam Elektroda / Kawat Las (Welding Electrode) ......................................... xx 7.9 Kualifikasi Welder ................................................................................................... xx BAB 8 Paving ................................................................................................... xx 8,1 Bahan dan Proses Pembuatan Paving ............................................................................. xx 8.2 Mutu dan Standar Paving ................................................................................................. xx 8.3 Keuntungan dan Kerugian Penggunaan Paving ............................................................... xx 8.4 Bentuk dan Ukuran Paving ............................................................................................... xx 8.5 Persyaratan Pemasangan Paving .................................................................................... xx BAB 9 Kanstin ................................................................................................... xx 9.1 Fungsi Kanstin ................................................................................................... xx 9.2 Komponen Kanstin ................................................................................................... xx 9.3 Metode Produksi Kanstin .................................................................................................. xx 9.4 Tipe Kanstin ................................................................................................... xx 9.5 Tipe Kanstin Berdasarkan SNI 2442:2008 ....................................................................... xx BAB 10 CBR (California Bearing Ratio) ............................................................................................... xx 10.1 Fungsi CBR ................................................................................................... xx 10.2 Jenis – Jenis CBR ................................................................................................... xx 10.3 Peralatan Pelaksanaan CBR .......................................................................................... xx 10.4 Persiapan Lokasi Pengujian ........................................................................................... xx 10.5 Pemasangan Alat ................................................................................................... xx 10.6 Pembacaan Waktu dan Penetrasi .................................................................................. xx 10.7 Perhitungan Nilai CBR Lapangan ................................................................................... xx BAB 11 Baut dan Skrup ................................................................................................... xx 11.1 Jenis – Jenis Baut ................................................................................................... xx 11.2 Jenis – Jenis Mur ................................................................................................... xx 11.3 Cara Penamaan Fastener ............................................................................................... xx 11.4 Penggunaan Material ................................................................................................... xx 11.5 Perbedaan Bentuk Kepala .............................................................................................. xx 11.6 Perbaikan Media Drat ................................................................................................... xx BAB 12 Angkur ................................................................................................... xx 12.1 Pengertian Angkur ................................................................................................... xx 12.2 Macam – Macam Angkur ................................................................................................ xx 12.3 Metode Pemasangan Angkur ......................................................................................... xx 12.4 Kekuatan Baut Angkur Pada Beton ................................................................................ xx BAB 13 Sambungan Baja ................................................................................................... xx 13.1 Fungsi Sambungan Baja ................................................................................................. xx 13.2 Alat Sambung Baja ................................................................................................... xx 13.2.1 Paku Keling ................................................................................................... xx 13.2.2 Baut ................................................................................................... xx 13.2.3 Las ................................................................................................... xx 13.2.4 Ketentuan Penempatan Paku Keling/ Baut Pada Sambungan Baja ..................... xx 13.2.5 Contoh Gambar Sambungan ................................................................................ xx BAB 14 Perkerasan Telford ................................................................................................... xx BAB 15 Aspal ................................................................................................... xx 15.1 Jenis Aspal ................................................................................................... xx 15.1.1 Aspal Alam ................................................................................................... xx 15.1.2 Aspal Buatan ................................................................................................... xx 15.1.3 Aspal Modifikasi ................................................................................................... xx 15.2 Jenis Kerusakan Aspal ................................................................................................... xx BAB 16 Tanah ................................................................................................... xx 16.1 Jenis Kegagalan Tanah .................................................................................................. xx 16.1.1 Kegagalan Lereng ................................................................................................. xx 16.1.1.1 Tanah Longsor Tipe Jatuh 16.1.1.2 Tanah Longsor Tipe Geser 16.1.1.3 Tanah Longsor Tipe Gelincir Putaran 16.1.1.4 Tanah Longsor Majemuk 16.1.1.5 Tanah Longsor Translasi 16.1.1.6 Tanah Longsor Tipe Aliran 16.1.2 Kegagalan Tanah Saat Penggalian 16.1.3 Kegagalan Pondasi Dangkal dan Dalam 16.1.3.1 Kegagalan Pondasi Dangkal 16.1.3.1.1 Kegagalan Geser Umum 16.1.3.1.2 Kegagalan Geser Lokal 16.1.3.1.3 Kegagalan Geser Puncak 16.1.3.2 Kegagalan Pondasi Dalam 16.2 Teknik Perbaikan Tanah 16.2.1 Pemadatan 16.2.1.1 Tujuan Pemadatan 16.2.1.2 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemadatan 16.2.1.3 Jenis Alat Pemadat Tanah 16.2.2 Penguatan Tanah 16.2.3 Penggunaan Geosintetik dalam Teknik Sipil 16.2.3.1 Geotekstil 16.2.3.2 Geomembran 16.2.3.3 Geogrid 16.2.3.4 Geonet
BAB 16x Tanah
16.1 Tanah Longsor 16.2 Jenis Tanah Longsor 16.3 Penyebab Terjadinya Tanah Longsor 16.4 Penguatan Tanah BAB 17 Kaca 17.1 Jenis Kaca 17.2 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Kaca 17.3 Pemasangan Kaca Tanpa Kusen BAB 18 Cladding 18.1 Jenis Cladding BAB 19 Pasir 19.1 Fungsi Pasir 19.2 Jenis Pasir 19.3 Pertimbangan Memilih Pasir BAB 20 Retak Dinding 20.1 Retak Struktur 20.2 Permasalahan Retak Struktur 20.3 Retak Non Struktur 20.4