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Mekanika

 Mekanika
 Kinematika
 Dinamika

 Kinematika Rotasi
 Usaha dan Energi
 Momentum dan Impuls

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Mekanika

 Mekanika
 Cabang dari ilmu fisika yang mengkaji tentang materi,
gaya, dan gerakannya

 Kinematika
 Terfokus pada gerakannya saja

 Dinamika
 Gerakan dan penyebabnya

3i

Gerak satu dimensi

 Gerak 1 dimensi
 Gerakan pada lintasan garis lurus
 Menganggap yang bergerak adalah partikle
bebas mengabaikan bentuk dan ukuran
 Setiap geraknya dapat direpresentasikan
secara vektor

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Perpindahan, Waktu, Kecepatan

Posisi dan perpindahan

 Bergeraknya benda adalah murni translasional,

tanpa melibatkan gerak rotasi

 Perpindahan adalah sebuah vektor jarak dari satu

titik acuan ke titik tujuan yang masing-masing
merupakan koordinat dari partikel.

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Perpindahan Vektor
x  x2  x1

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Jarak Tempuh Skalar

Posisi dan perpindahan

 Dikatakan bergerak bila
Perubahan posisi dan waktu

Terjadi perpindahan bila

Perubahan posisi koordinat sistem

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Kecepatan rata-rata
 Kecepatan rata-rata selama interval waktu adalah
kuantitas vektor yang mengalami perubahan komponen
koordinat x dibagi interval waktunya

x  x2  x1
x2  x1 x
vav x  
t  t 2  t1 t 2  t1 t

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Average Velocity
 Average velocity is positive when during the time interval
coordinate x increased and particle moved in the positive
direction
 If particle moves in negative x-direction during time
interval, average velocity is negative

x  x2  x1  19 m  277 m  258 m
t  t 2  t1  25.0 s  16.0 s  9.0 s
vav x  x   258 m  29 m / s
t 9.0s

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 Sebuah partikel bergerak berdasarkan

persamaan x=10t2, dimana x dalam
meter dan t dalam detik.
a) Tentukan kecepatan rata-rata partikel
selama selang waktu 2s sampai 3s!
b) Tentukan kecepatan rata-rata pada
selang waktu 2,00 s sampai 2,10 s!

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X-t Graph

 Kecepatan rata-rata hanya

bergantung pada
perubahan jarak terhadap
interval waktu, tidak
mengkaji secara detail pada
setiap perubahan waktunya

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Beberapa kuantitas kecepatan rata-rata

Mobil tercepat 341 m/s Pejalan cepat 2 m/s

Gerakan random molekul2 udara 500 m/s

Kecepatan orbit satelit komunikasi 3000 m/s

siput 10-3 m/s

Kecepatan cahaya di ruang hampa 3 x 108 m/s

Pesawat tercepat 1000 m/s

Kecepatan orbit elektron dalam atom hidrogen 2 x 108 m/s

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Kecepatan sesaat
 Kecepatan sesaat sebuah vektor yang
menyatakan kecepatan rata-rata yang dibatasi waktu yang
sangat singkat (mendekati 0)

x dx
v x  lim 
t 0 t dt

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Kecepatan sesaat

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Kecepatan sesaat

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Kecepatan sesaat
Concept Question

The graph shows position

versus time for a particle
undergoing 1-D motion.

 At which point(s) is the

velocity vx positive?
 At which point(s) is the
velocity negative?
 At which point(s) is the
velocity zero?
 At which point is speed
the greatest?

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Acceleration

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Acceleration
 If the velocity of an object is changing with time, then the
object is undergoing an acceleration.
 Acceleration is a measure of the rate of change of velocity
with respect to time.
 Acceleration is a vector quantity.
 In straight-line motion its only non-zero component is along
the axis along which the motion takes place.

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Average Acceleration
 Average Acceleration over a given time interval is defined
as the change in velocity divided by the change in time.

 In SI units acceleration has units of m/s2.

v2 x  v1x vx
aav x  
t2  t1 t

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Instantaneous Acceleration
 Instantaneous acceleration of an object is obtained by
letting the time interval in the above definition of average
acceleration become very small. Specifically, the
instantaneous acceleration is the limit of the average
acceleration as the time interval approaches zero:

v x dvx
a x  lim 
t 0 t dt

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Acceleration of Graphs

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Arah Percepatan vs Kecepatan

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Acceleration of Graphs

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vxf  vxi vx

aav x  
t 2  t1 t
v xf  v xi
ax 
t 0
vxf  vxi  axt

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Constant Acceleration Motion

Position of a particle moving with constant acceleration

v0 x  vx x x  x0
vav x  vav x  
2 t t 0

vx  v0 x  axt  vav x 
1
v0 x  v0 x  axt   v0 x  1 axt
2 2

1 x  x0 1
v0 x  a x t   x  x0  v0 x t  a x t 2
2 t 2

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Constant Acceleration Motion

 Relationship between position of a particle moving with
constant acceleration, and velocity and acceleration
itself:

vx  v0 x
vx  v0 x  axt  t 
ax
2
1 v v  1 v v 
x  x0  v0 x t  a x t 2  x  x0  v0 x  x 0 x   a x  x 0 x 
2  ax  2  ax 

vx2  v02x  2ax ( x  x0 )

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4 persamaan dasar

Vx
t

vxf  vxi  axt

1
x  x0  v0 x t  a x t 2
2
vx2  v02x  2ax ( x  x0 )
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Gerak Jatuh Bebas

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Gerak Jatuh Bebas

 Example of motion with
constant acceleration is
acceleration of a body falling
under influence of the earth’s
gravitation
 All bodies at a particular location
fall with the same downward
Aristotle
acceleration, regardless of
384 - 322 B.C.E.
their size and weight
 Idealized motion free fall: we
neglect earth rotation, decrease
of acceleration with decreasing
altitude, air effects

Galileo Galilei
1564 - 1642 33

Freely Falling Bodies

 The constant acceleration of a freely falling

body is called acceleration due to
gravity, g
 Approximate value near earth’s surface g =
9.8 m/s2 = 980 cm/s2 = 32 ft/s2
 g is the magnitude of a vector, it is always
positive number
 Exact g value varies with location

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Motion in 2 or 3 Dimensions

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Projectile Motion
 A projectile is any object that is given an initial velocity and
then follows a path (trajectory) determined solely by gravity
and air resistance.
 The motion of a projectile will take place in a plane (so, it is 2-
D motion).
 For projectile motion we can analyze the x- and y-components
of the motion separately.
 The horizontal motion (along the x-axis) will have zero
acceleration and thus have constant velocity.
 The vertical motion (along the y-axis) will have constant
downward acceleration of magnitude g = 9.80 m/s2.
 The initial velocity components, vox and voy, can be expressed
in terms of the magnitude vo and direction ao of the initial
velocity.

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 Kita kombinasikan gerak dalam 2 arah

Projectile Motion
 Arah Horisontal

a x  0  v x  v0 x x  x0  v0 xt

 Arah Vertikal

ay  g
v y  v0 y  gt y  y0  v0 y t  1 2 gt 2

 Kecepatan arah x dan y pada posisi

pusat koordinat :
v0 x  v0 cosa 0 v0 y  v0 sin a 0

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Projectile Motion
Lintasan (koord.) benda pada suatu titik

x  (v0 cosa 0 )t y  (v0 sin a 0 )t  1 2 gt 2

vx  v0 cosa 0
v y  v0 sin a 0  gt
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Koordinat vertikal max

Koord. Pada titik hmax (vertikal maximum)

Untuk arah gerak ke atas v0 sin a

v fy  v0 y  at t
g
0  v0 sin a  gt
v fx  0
v0 y  v0 sin a

h  v0 y t  12 gt 2

v sin a 1  v0 sin a 
2
v 20 sin 2 a
h  v0 sin a 0  2 g   h
g  g  2g
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Koordinat horisontal max

Koord. Pada titik R (horisontal maximum) nilai y=0 dan y0 = 0
Untuk arah gerak ke atas 2v0 y
y  y0  v0 y t  1 at 2 t
2 g
0  0  v0 y t  1 2 gt 2
2v0 y
R  v0 xt  v0 x
g
2v 20 sin a cosa
 v0 x  v0 cosa 0
g
v0 y  v0 sin a 0
v 0 sin 2a
2


g 40

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