KULIAH, METABOLISME MIKROBA - Ok PDF
KULIAH, METABOLISME MIKROBA - Ok PDF
By: KUSNADI,MSI.
Metabolisme Semua reaksi kimia dan bioogi
yang terjadi dalam sel
Escherichia,
O2 H2O Respirasi aerobik
Streptomyces
-keto- -deoxy- -
NADH NAD phosphogluconate
+H
Glyceraldehyde- -phosphate
-phosphogluconate
Ribose- -phosphate NADP
NADPH +
H
Ribulose- -phosphate
Xylulose- -phosphate
Pentose phosphate pathway
Fermentasi
• Fermentasi berasal dari kata “fervere” artinya
mendidih, pertama kali dicetuskan oleh Louis
Pasteur; mengamati buah anggur yang berubah
menjadi anggur (wine).
• Fermentasi adalah proses perombakan
senyawa organik dalam kondisi anaerob
menghasilkan produk berupa asam-asam
organik, alkohol dan gas
• Berperan penting dalam identifikasi mikroba
secara biokimia
Respirasi Vs fermentasi
TIPE FERMENTASI
Fermentasi
• Contoh tipe fermentasi
– Fermentasi asam Lactat
• Ditemukan pada bakteri;
contoh: Streptococcus cremoris, Lactobacillus acidophilus
– Fermentasi campuran (Mixed acid fermentation)
• Contoh: Escherichia coli
• Dasara dari uji methyl red
– Fermentasi 2,3-Butanediol
• Contoh: Enterobacter aerogenes
• Dasar dari Uji reaksi Voges-Proskauer
Tipe Fermentasi
PATHWAY END PRODUCTS EXAMPLES
Lactic acid Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus spp.
lactic acid (2 molecules)
(Homolactic) Pathway can result in food spoilage
Leuconostoc
Heterolactic lactic acid, ethanol and CO2
Used in sauerkraut production
Saccharomyces (yeast)
Alcohol ethanol and CO2 Important in production of alcoholic beverages, bread and
gasohol
Proprionibacterium acnes: metabolizes fatty acids in oil glands
to proprionic acid
Proprionic acid proprionic acid and CO2
Proprionibacterium freudenreichii gives flavor to and produces
holes in Swiss cheese
Chlorophyll a Bacteriochlorophyll a
The Light Reactions
Schematic of
a Photosystem
Photosystem in bacteria
MOLECULES
MOLECULES OF
OF
MOLECULES
OF
MOLECULES
OF MOLECULES
OF
PERBEDAAN FOTOSINTESIS PADA TUMBUHAN DAN
BAKTERI
bacterial
plant photosynthesis
Kriteria pembeda photosynthesis
purple and green
organisms plants, algae, cyanobacteria
bacteria
chlorophyll a bacteriochlorophyll
type of chlorophyll
absorbs 650-750nm absorbs 800-1000nm
Photosystem I
(cyclic present present
photophosphorylation)
Photosystem I
(noncyclic present absent
photophosphorylation)
Produces O2 yes no
H2S, other sulfur
Photosynthetic electron compounds or
H2O
donor certain organic
compounds
Perbedaan fotosintesis pada prokariot dan eukariot
Alcaligenes,
hydrogen bacteria H2 H2O
Pseudomonas
Rhodospirillum,
carboxydobacteria CO CO2
Azotobacter