Isixeko ngoku sibhidlikile ngenxa yemfazwe.

Ukuphefumla kuka-Aleppo kwakumnandi. Impucuko yayo iphezulu kwiminyaka yayo. Waguqulwa wangumzi
wakwanamhlanje kwaye ehambela phambili kwimbali yempucuko yabantu. Hayi indlela, imbali yesi sixeko iqale
kwiminyaka engama-7000 BC. Iinqaba zayo, amasango kunye nomfula iQueiq lukhetho oluzolile lokuhamba
kwesi sixeko.

I-Queiq River kwibala lasebusuku le-Aleppo City

I-Queiq River kwibala lasebusuku le-Aleppo City
I-Aleppo ifumene ubunzima kumazwe ahlukeneyo, ookumkani kunye nempucuko. Kwaye ubudala bayo
begolide lixesha le-Ottoman. Ngelo xesha, abantu baseYurophu babesiba sesona sixeko sihle kwilizwe
laseOttoman. Banqula kwaye bakhumbula ubuhle kwimibongo yabo.

U-Aleppo uye waba nobuchule kuCairo. Isixeko esathatyathwa kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I ngekomkhulu loBukhosi
Oyena rhuluneli udume kakhulu we-Aleppo ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngu-Ahmed Cevdet Pasha. Okubangela
umdla kukuba, le rhuluneli ikwisigidi esaziwayo. Ukongeza, wajonga nenkcubeko. Ubungqina bakhe
bokuqonda, watyhila kwincwadi ebizwa ngokuba ngu-Cevdet. Incwadi yembali equlathe imiqulu eliqela.
Abanye abalawuli nguKamal Pasha noJamil Pasha. UJamil Pasha yirhuluneli eyakha ikomkhulu lomkhosi kunye
nesibhedlele e-Aleppo. Kwaye enye irhuluneli nguRivat Pasha, owayelawula phakathi kwe-1885 ne-1900.

IAleppo idolophu eBukhosi baseOttoman. Ifunyenwe eLondon nguWilliam Strahan ngonyaka ka-1754.
Umthombo wemifanekiso: vintage-maps.com
IAleppo Isixeko eOttoman Turkey. Ifunyenwe eLondon nguWilliam Strahan ngonyaka ka-1754.
Umthombo wemifanekiso: vintage-maps.com
Ebutsheni benkulungwane ye-18, iYurophu kunye noosomashishini baqala ukuhlala eAleppo. Beza neentsapho
zabo. Hlala kwenye yezo dolophu zaseMbindi Mpuma. IAleppo inyukile. Ngapha koko, xa kuvulwa umsele ngo-
1869, inkwenkwezi yesixeko iya isiqaqamba. Buyela kubudala bayo begolide njengemihla yee-Abbasids kunye
nee-Ayyubids.

Kwincwadi uNahru adz-Dhahab fi Umhla weHalab, uxoxa ngendawo enkulu yeAleppo kuBukhosi baseOttoman.
ILiwa Hama emantla eSyria. Ngasentshona luLwandle lweMeditera. ISivas Vilayet emazantsi. Kwaye empuma
yiDiyarbakir, eTurkey ngoku.

Ukusuka kwicala lokuya eDamasko, ngabarhwebi abasuka eJordani, ePalestine, eNejd naseHijaz. Kwaye kunjalo
nabarhwebi baseYurophu.

Yahlulahlula kunye nee-Ottomans

ISyria (iSyam) yayiyinxalenye yeOttoman Turkey kangangeenkulungwane ezine. Lo mmandla ulawulwa

bubukumkani baseTurkey emva kokuba uSultan Salim I woyisa imikhosi yaseMamalik kwimfazwe iMarj Dabiq.
Umlo omkhulu owenzeka emazantsi e-Aleppo nge-24 ka-1516 ka-AD Emva kweAleppo, eDamasko wangena
kwindawo ka-Ottoman nge-26 kaSeptemba ngo-1516. Kude ke ekugqibeleni inguqu yama-Arabhu kunye
neMfazwe yeHlabathi I, ngo-Okthobha ka-1918, u-Aleppo wayengasekho phantsi kweliso lika-Ottoman.

Emva koloyiso lwamaTurkey aseTurkey kwimfazwe iMarj Dabiq, uSultan Salim I kunye nemikhosi kunye nabantu
awayezakuba ngamalungu e-Aleppo baphatha isixeko. Nge-28 ka-Agasti ka-1516, eli qela lahlangana nabantu
base-Aleppo ngoxolo. Badibana e-al-Azraq Square kwaye banikezela isitshixo senqaba ku-Sultan Salim I. U-Al-
Mutawakkil owayekade elawula u-Aleppo baphuma kwisixeko esidala.

USultan Salim ndonyula uJah Ahmad Pasha ukuba abe yiRhuluneli yeAleppo. Kwaye wafaka Kamal Jalbi
njengomgwebi we-Aleppo. Ukususela ngoko, iAleppo yaba ngumhlaba wokuqala waseSyria ukuba yinxalenye
yoBukhosi base-Ottoman.

Ngexesha lenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17, uSham ngokubanzi ngokubanzi kunye no-Aleppo bakhula ngokuthe
ngqo. Malunga noqoqosho kunye nenani labantu abakhulayo. Abahambi ababemenyiwe eDamasko ukuba
bashiye iHijaz kunye nabakhweli abanqwenela ukumka kwiArabia Gulf naseIraq, bonke benza iAleppo indlela.
Imeko iya ikhula ngakumbi mengenchakan Aleppo.

Ukupeyinta isiXeko sase-Aleppo e-Ottoman Turkey

Ukupeyinta isiXeko sase-Aleppo e-Ottoman Turkey
Ngakumbi uAleppo waphakama. Uncwadi, amasebe ezenzululwazi, kunye noluntu bangumva wempucuko
yesixeko esikumantla eSyria. Esi sixeko saba sesesona sixeko sibalulekileyo kuBukhosi baseOttoman. Emva
kweIstanbul kunye neCairo. I-Aleppo sesona sixeko siphambili sokurhweba phakathi kwehlabathi lasempuma
kunye nentshona. Waba yeyona arhente iphambili kurhwebo phakathi kwamaphondo aseOttoman. Iimarike
zayo zabetha kwiimarike zaseYurophu. Kukho nomzi mveliso omkhulu wokwenza ilaphu apho.
Ngenkulungwane ye-16, isixeko saba liziko lesilika, iziqholo, amayeza kunye namaxabiso axabisekileyo.

Ngo-1885, uAleppo wayenegumbi lezorhwebo (njengeKADIN eIndonesia). Isixeko sinobudlelwane bezorhwebo

obusondeleyo kunye neBaghdad kunye neMosul. Ulwandle lweMeditera lwenza ukuba esi sixeko saziwe kwaye
sivuleleke kubarhwebi abavela kwiimbombo zonke zomhlaba. Kwaye ngakumbi i-Iraq kwindawo ye-Arab kunye
ne-Islamic world.

Emva kohlaselo lwama-Arabhu kunye nokukhululwa kwengingqi ye-Sham kulawulo lwe-Ottoman ngo-1918, i-al-
Mamlakah yasekwa njenge-Syria-al-Arabiyah (I-Syria yase-Syria Kingdom). Izitena