PENYELESAIAN SOAL-SOAL

1. Dinding penahan (lihat Gambar 1.), tinggi = 6 m mempunyai bidang vertical belakang yang
halus. Ditimbun dengan permukaan horizontal rata dengan dinding atas. Di atas timbunan
bekerja beban merata q = 3,6 t/m2, material timbunan adalah pasir dengan parameter
g = 1,8 t/m3, dan Ø= 300

Penyelesaan:
q = 3,6 t/m2

Timbunan: pasir Pa1

g = 1,8 t/m3
H= 6 m Ø = 300 Pa1
Ra

y1 Pa2
ya
y2

q ka g H ka

Gambar 1. Tembok penahan tanah dan diagram tek. Tanah lateral

𝑞 3,6 𝑡⁄𝑚2
𝑧𝑠 = = =2𝑚
𝛾 1,8 𝑡⁄𝑚3
𝑞 = 𝑧𝑠 𝛾 = 2 × 1,8 = 3,6 𝑡⁄𝑚2
1 − sin ∅ 1 − sin 300 1
𝑘𝑎 = = = = 0,333
1 + sin ∅ 1 + sin 300 3
1 6
𝑃𝑎1 = 𝑞 𝑘𝑎 𝐻 = 3,6 × × 6 × 1𝑚 = 7,2 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦1 = = 3 𝑚
3 2
1
𝛾 𝑘𝑎 𝐻 2 1,8 × 3 × 62 6
𝑃𝑎2 = 1𝑚 = × 1𝑚 = 10,8 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦2 = = 2 𝑚
2 2 3
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑃𝑎1 + 𝑃𝑎2 = 7,2 𝑡𝑜𝑛 + 10.8 𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 18,0 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝑅𝑎 𝑦𝑎 = 𝑃𝑎1 𝑦1 + 𝑃𝑎2 𝑦2
𝑃𝑎1 𝑦1 + 𝑃𝑎2 𝑦2 (7,2) (3) + (10,8)(2) 43,2
𝑦𝑎 = = = = 2,40 𝑚
𝑅𝑎 18,0 18
2. Diketahui dindin penahan tanah, dibelakang dinding ditimbun dengan tanah pasir. Benuk
tinggi dinding dan data tanah dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2. Diminta hitung tekananan tanah
lateral aktif dan letak resultannya, menurut metode Rankine.

Penyelesaian:
q =3,6 t/m2

Timbunan Pasir
g = 1,8 t/m3 H1 =1,5m
Pa2
Ø = 300
H=4m Pa1
Ra
Timbunan Pasir
gsat. = 2,2 t/m3 H2 =2,5m
Pa3 Pw
Ø = 300
Pa4

q ka g H1 ka g’ H2 ka gw H2 ka

1 − sin ∅ 1 − sin 300 0,5 1

𝑘𝑎1 = = = = = 0,333 → 𝑘𝑎1 = 𝑘𝑎2
1 + sin ∅ 1 + sin 300 1,5 3
𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑘 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑢 𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑝𝑒𝑟 1 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔
1 𝐻 4
𝑃𝑎1 = 𝑞 𝑘𝑎1 𝐻 = 3,6 × × 4 × 1 𝑚 = 4,80 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦1 = = = 2 𝑚
3 2 2
1
𝛾 𝐻12 𝑘𝑎1 1,8 × 1,52 × 3 𝐻1
𝑃𝑎2 = × 1𝑚 = × 1 𝑚 = 0,675 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦2 = + 𝐻2 = 3 𝑚
2 2 3
1 𝐻2
𝑃𝑎3 = 𝛾 𝐻1 𝑘𝑎1 𝐻2 × 1 𝑚 = 1,8 × 1,5 × × 2,5 × 1𝑚 = 2,25 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦3 = = 1,25 𝑚
3 2
1
𝛾 ′ 𝐻22 𝑘𝑎2 (𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡. − 𝛾𝑤 ) 𝐻22 𝑘𝑎2 (2,2 − 1) × 2,52 ×
𝑃𝑎4 = × 1𝑚 = × 1𝑚 = 3 × 1𝑚 =
2 2 2
𝐻2 2,5
= 1,25 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦4 = = = 0.83 𝑚
3 3
𝛾𝑤 𝐻22 1 × 2,52 𝐻2 2,5
𝑃𝑤 = × 1𝑚 = × 1𝑚 = 3,125 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦𝑤 = = = 0.83 𝑚
2 2 3 3
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑃𝑎1 + 𝑃𝑎2 + 𝑃𝑎3 + 𝑃𝑎4 + 𝑃𝑤 = (4,8𝑡) + (0.675𝑡) + (2,25𝑡) + (1,25𝑡) + (3,125𝑡)
= 12.10 𝑡𝑜𝑛
∑ 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑘 = 0

𝑅𝑎 𝑦𝑎 = 𝑃𝑎1 𝑦1 + 𝑃𝑎2 𝑦2 + 𝑃𝑎3 𝑦3 + 𝑃𝑎4 𝑦4 + 𝑃𝑤 𝑦𝑤

𝑃𝑎1 𝑦1 + 𝑃𝑎2 𝑦2 + 𝑃𝑎3 𝑦3 + 𝑃𝑎4 𝑦4 + 𝑃𝑤 𝑦𝑤

𝑦𝑎 =
𝑅𝑎
(4,8𝑡)2𝑚 + (0.675𝑡)3𝑚 + (2,25𝑡)1,25𝑚 + (1,25𝑡)0,83𝑚 + (3,125𝑡)0,83𝑚
𝑦𝑎 =
12,10
(9,6 + 2,025 + 2,8125 + 1,0375 + 2,59375)𝑡𝑚
𝑦𝑎 =
12,10 𝑡
18,06875𝑡𝑚
𝑦𝑎 = = 1,493 𝑚
12,10 𝑡
3. Diketahui dinding penahan tanah, dibelakang dinding ditimbun dengan 2 lapis tanah pasir
dengan parameter yang berbeda. Tinggi dinding dan data tanah timbunan dapat dilihat pada
Gambar 3. Hitunglah letak dan resultan tekanan tanah lateral aktif per meter panjang dinding
menurut metode Rankine.

Penyelesaian:
q =3,6 t/m2

`
Timbunan Pasir
g = 16 kN/m3 H1 =3m Pa1
Pa1 Pa2
Ø = 300
H=6m q ka1 gH1 ka1
Ra
Timbunan Pasir
gsat. = 19 kN/m3 H2 =3m
PPa3a3 Pa4 Pw
Ø = 360
Pa5

q ka2 g H1 ka2 g’ H2 ka2 gw H2 ka

Gambar 4. Dinding penahan tanah dan diagram tekanan tanah

Koefisien tekanan tanah lateral aktif pada lapis I (lapis atas)

1 − sin ∅ 1 − sin 300 0,5 1
𝑘𝑎1 = = = = = 0,333
1 + sin ∅ 1 + sin 300 1,5 3
Koefisien tekanan tanah lateral aktif pada lapis II (lapis bawah)
1 − sin ∅ 1 − sin 360 0.4122
𝑘𝑎2 = = 0
= = 0.2596 ≈ 0.260
1 + sin ∅ 1 + sin 36 1,58778
𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑘 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑢 𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑝𝑒𝑟 1 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔
1 𝐻1 3
𝑃𝑎1 = 𝑞 𝑘𝑎1 𝐻1 = 3,6 × × 3 × 1 𝑚 = 3,60 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦1 = + 𝐻2 = + 3 = 4,5 𝑚
3 2 2
1
𝛾 𝐻12 𝑘𝑎1 1,6 × 32 × 3 𝐻1
𝑃𝑎2 = × 1𝑚 = × 1 𝑚 = 2,40 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦2 = + 𝐻2 = 4 𝑚
2 2 3
𝐻2
𝑃𝑎3 = 𝑞 𝑘𝑎2 𝐻2 × 1 𝑚 = 3,6 × 0.260 × 3,0 × 1𝑚 = 2,81 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦3 = = 1,5 𝑚
2
𝐻2 3
𝑃𝑎4 = 𝛾 𝐻1 𝑘𝑎2 𝐻2 = 1,6 × 3 × 0,260 × 3 × 1 𝑚 = 3,74 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦4 = = = 1,5 𝑚
2 2
𝛾 ′ 𝐻22 𝑘𝑎2 (𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡. − 𝛾𝑤 ) 𝐻22 𝑘𝑎2 (1,9 − 1) × 32 × 0,260
𝑃𝑎5 = × 1𝑚 = × 1𝑚 = × 1𝑚 =
2 2 2
𝐻2 3
= 1,05 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦5 = = = 1,0 𝑚
3 3
 𝛾𝑤 𝐻22 1 × 32 𝐻2 3
𝑃𝑤 = × 1𝑚 = × 1𝑚 = 4,5 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦𝑤 = = = 1,0 𝑚
2 2 3 3
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑃𝑎1 + 𝑃𝑎2 + 𝑃𝑎3 + 𝑃𝑎4 + 𝑃𝑎5 +𝑃𝑤
= (3,6𝑡) + (2,40𝑡) + (2,81𝑡) + (3,74𝑡) + (1,05𝑡) + (4,5𝑡 )
= 18.10 𝑡𝑜𝑛

∑ 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑘 = 0

𝑅𝑎 𝑦𝑎 = 𝑃𝑎1 𝑦1 + 𝑃𝑎2 𝑦2 + 𝑃𝑎3 𝑦3 + 𝑃𝑎4 𝑦4 + 𝑃𝑎5 𝑦5 + 𝑃𝑤 𝑦𝑤

𝑃𝑎1 𝑦1 + 𝑃𝑎2 𝑦2 + 𝑃𝑎3 𝑦3 + 𝑃𝑎4 𝑦4 + 𝑃𝑎5 𝑦5 + 𝑃𝑤 𝑦𝑤

𝑦𝑎 =
𝑅𝑎
(3,6𝑡)4,5 + (2,40𝑡)4 + (2,81𝑡)1,5 + (3,74𝑡)1,5 + (1,05𝑡)1 + (4,5𝑡 )1
𝑦𝑎 =
18,10
(16,2 + 9,6 + 4,22 + 5,61 + 1,05 + 4,5)𝑡𝑚
𝑦𝑎 =
18,10 𝑡
41,18𝑡𝑚
𝑦𝑎 = = 2,275 𝑚
18,10 𝑡
4. Diketahui dinding penahan tanah, dibelakang dinding ditimbun dengan 3 lapis tanah dengan
parameter yang berbeda. Tinggi dinding dan data tanah timbunan dapat dilihat pada Gambar
4. Hitunglah letak dan resultan tekanan tanah lateral aktif dan pasif per meter panjang dinding
menurut metode Rankine.

Penyelesaian:

Timbunan Pasir
γ1 = 1,8 t/m3
H1 = 3 m
Ø = 320 Pa1

H = 7,5 m
Timbunan Pasir Pa2
γ2 = 1,75 t/m3 H2 = 3 m
Ø = 320 Pa3

Timbunan Pasir Timbunan Pasir

Pp1 γ1 = 1,75 t/m3 γ3 = 1,75 t/m3 Pc
Pp2 H3 = 1,5 m Pa4
Ø = 320 Ø = 320 Pa5
C = 1 t/m3 C = 1 t/m2

Gambar 4.

Tekanan tanah lateral aktif

1 − sin ∅1 1 − sin 320
𝑘𝑎1 = 𝑘𝑎2 = 𝑘𝑎3 = = = 0,307
1 + sin ∅1 1 + sin 320
𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑘 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑢 𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑝𝑒𝑟 1 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 (𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑘 𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑟)
Untuk mendukung perhitungan di bawah ini dapat dilihat Gambar 4.
𝛾1 𝑘𝑎1 𝐻1 2 1,8 × 0,307 × 32 𝐻1
𝑃𝑎1 = = = 2,487 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦1 = + 𝐻2 + 𝐻3 = 5,5 𝑚
2 2 3
𝐻2
𝑃𝑎2 = 𝛾1 𝑘𝑎1 𝐻1 𝐻2 = 1,8 × 0,307 × 3 × 3 = 4,973 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦2 = + 𝐻3 = 3 𝑚
2
𝛾2 𝑘𝑎2 𝐻2 2 1,75 × 0,307 × 32 𝐻2
𝑃𝑎3 = = = 2,418 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦3 = + 𝐻3 = 2,5 𝑚
2 2 3
𝑃𝑎4 = (𝛾1 𝐻1 𝑘𝑎1 + 𝛾2 𝑘𝑎2 𝐻2 )𝐻3 = (1,8 × 3 × 0,307 + 1,75 × 0,307 × 3)1,5 = 4,904 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝐻3
→ 𝑦4 = = 0,75 𝑚
2
𝛾3 𝐻32 𝑘𝑎3 1,75 × 1,52 × 0,307 𝐻3 1,5
𝑃𝑎5 = = = 0,139 𝑡𝑜𝑛 =→ 𝑦5 = = = 0.50 𝑚
2 2 3 3
𝐻3 1,5
𝑃𝑐 = 2𝐶√𝑘𝑎 𝐻3 = 2 × 1 × √0,307 × 1,5 = 1,662 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦𝑐 = = = 0.75 𝑚
2 2
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑃𝑎1 + 𝑃𝑎2 + 𝑃𝑎3 + 𝑃𝑎4 + 𝑃𝑎5 + 𝑃𝑐 = (2,487𝑡) + (4,973𝑡) + (2,418𝑡) + (4,904𝑡) +
(0,139𝑡) − 1,662 𝑡 = 14,921 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝑅𝑎 𝑦𝑎 = 𝑃𝑎1 𝑦1 + 𝑃𝑎2 𝑦2 + 𝑃𝑎3 𝑦3 + 𝑃𝑎4 𝑦4 + 𝑃𝑎5 𝑦5 + 𝑃𝑐 𝑦𝑐
𝑃𝑎1 𝑦1 + 𝑃𝑎2 𝑦2 + 𝑃𝑎3 𝑦3 + 𝑃𝑎4 𝑦4 + 𝑃𝑎5 𝑦5 − 𝑃𝑐 𝑦𝑐
𝑦𝑎 =
𝑅𝑎
(2,487𝑡)5,5 + (4,973𝑡)3 + (2,418𝑡)2,5 + (4,904𝑡)0,75 + (0,139𝑡)0,50 − (1,662 𝑡)0,75
𝑦𝑎 =
16,583
37,144
𝑦𝑎 = = 2,489 𝑚
14,921

Tekanan tanah lateral Pasif

1 + sin ∅3 1 + sin 320
𝑘𝑝3 = = = 3,255
1 − sin ∅3 1 − sin 320
𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑘 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑢 𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑝𝑒𝑟 1 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 (𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑘 𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑟)
𝛾3 𝑘𝑝3 𝐻3 2 1,75 × 3,255 × 1,52 𝐻3
𝑃𝑝2 = = = 6,408 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦𝑝2 = = 0,5 𝑚
2 2 3
𝐻3
𝑃𝑝1 = 2𝐶 √𝑘𝑝 𝐻3 = 2 × 1 √3,255 × 1,5 = 5,412 𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑦𝑝1 = = 0,75 𝑚
2

∑ 𝑃𝑝 = 𝑃𝑝 = 𝑃𝑝1 + 𝑃𝑝2 = 5,412 + 6,408 = 11,82 𝑡𝑜𝑛

𝑅𝑝 𝑦𝑝 = 𝑃𝑝1 𝑦𝑝1 + 𝑃𝑝2 𝑦𝑝2

𝑃𝑝1 𝑦𝑝1 + 𝑃𝑝2 𝑦𝑝2 5,412 × 0,75 + 6,408 × 0,50 7,263
𝑦𝑝 = = = = 0,614 𝑚
𝑃𝑝1 + 𝑃𝑝2 5,412 + 6,408 11,82
5. Suatu dinding penahan tanah, tinggi 3 m yang menahan dua lapisan tanah yang berbeda
parameter seperti pada Gambar 5. di bawah ini. Hitung, menggunakan Metode Rankine:
1. Total tekanan lateral pasif (Pp)
2. Jarak Pp terhadap dasar dinding.

γ = 15,72 kN/m3
H1= 2 m
Ø = 300
Pp1
C=0
94,32 112,49
γsat = 18,86 kN/m 3

Ø = 260 Pp2
H2= 1 m Pp3 Pw
C = 10 kN/m2
γw = 9,81 kN/m3
135,65 9,81

Gambar 5.

Koefisien tekanan tanah lateral pasif pada lapisan 1 (atas)

1 + sin ∅1 1 + sin 300
𝑘𝑝1 = = = 3,00
1 − sin ∅1 1 − sin 300
Koefisien tekanan tanah lateral pasif pada lapisan 2 (bawah)
1 + sin ∅2 1 + sin 260
𝑘𝑝2 = = = 2,56
1 − sin ∅2 1 − sin 260
𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑘 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑢 𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑝𝑒𝑟 1 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 (𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑘 𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑟)
Untuk mendukung perhitungan di bawah ini dapat dilihat Gambar 5.
Lapisan 1 pada kedalaman 2 m
𝑝𝑝1 = 𝛾1 𝑘𝑝1 𝐻1 = 15,72 × 3 × 2 = 94,32 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
Lapisan 2 pada kedalaman 2 m

𝑝𝑝1 = 𝛾1 𝐻1 𝑘𝑝2 + 2𝐶 √𝑘𝑝2 = 15,72 × 2 × 2,56 + 2 × 10 × √2,56 = 112,49 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

Lapisan 2 pada kedalaman 3 m

𝑝𝑝1 = (𝛾1 𝐻1 + 𝛾 ′ 𝐻2 )𝑘𝑝2 + 2𝐶 √𝑘𝑝2 = (15,72 × 2 + (18,86 − 9,81)1)2,56 + 2 × 10 ×

√2,56 = 135,65 𝑘𝑁 (𝑙𝑖ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑟 5, 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑠

𝛾1 𝑘𝑝1 𝐻1 2 15,72 × 3 × 22 𝐻1
𝑃𝑝1 = = = 94,32 𝑘𝑁 → 𝑦𝑝1 = + 𝐻2 = 1,67 𝑚
2 2 3

𝑃𝑝2 = (𝛾1 𝐻1 𝑘𝑝2 + 2𝐶 √𝑘𝑝2 ) 𝐻2 = (15,72 × 2 × 2,56 + 2 × 10 × √2,56) × 1 = 112,49 𝑘𝑁

𝐻2 1
→ 𝑦𝑝2 = = = 0,50 𝑚
2 2
 𝛾 ′ 𝑘𝑝2 𝐻2 2 (18,86 − 9,81) × 2,56 × 12 𝐻2 1
𝑃𝑝3 = = = 11,58 𝑘𝑁 → 𝑦𝑝3 = = = 0,33 𝑚
2 2 3 3
𝛾𝑤 𝐻22 9,81 × 12 𝐻2 1
𝑃𝑤 = = = 4,905 𝑘𝑁 =→ 𝑦𝑤 = = = 0.33 𝑚
2 2 3 3
∑ 𝑃𝑝 = 𝑅𝑝 = 𝑃𝑝1 + 𝑃𝑝2 + 𝑃𝑝3 + 𝑃𝑤 = 94,32 + 112,49 + 11,58 + 4.905 = 223,295 𝑘𝑁

𝑅𝑝 𝑦𝑝 = 𝑃𝑝1 𝑦𝑝1 + 𝑃𝑝2 𝑦𝑝2 + 𝑃𝑝3 𝑦𝑝3 + 𝑃𝑤 𝑦𝑤

𝑃𝑝1 𝑦𝑝1 + 𝑃𝑝2 𝑦𝑝2 + 𝑃𝑝3 𝑦𝑝3 + 𝑃𝑤 𝑦𝑤
𝑦𝑝 =
𝑃𝑝1 + 𝑃𝑝2 + 𝑃𝑝3 + 𝑃𝑤
(94,32)1,67 + (112,49)0,50 + (11,58)0,33 + (4.905)0,33 219,199
= =
223,295 223,295
= 0,982 𝑚
6.
Diketahui tembok penahan dari beton dengan panjang tidak terhingga, ukuran penampang
tembok dan data tanah timbunan secara detail dapat dilihat pada Gambar 6. Diminta
menghitung menggunakan Metode Rankine:
1. Faktor Keamanan terhadap geser ≥ 1,5
2. Faktor Keamanan terhadap guling ≥ 2,0
3. Eksentrisitas < (L/6)
4. Faktor Keamanan terhadap dukung ≥ 3,0

Catatan:
Koefisien gesek dasar tembok beton dengan tanah dasar (μ) = 0,50
Daya dukung ultimit tanah (Qult ) = 750 kN/m2

1,2 w4
𝛽 = 150
a
w5 Granular Soil
w2 𝛾 = 1,9 𝑡ൗ𝑚3
∅ = 300
𝐶=0 𝐻′ 𝑃𝑎
6m
Pv 𝛾𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 2,4 𝑡ൗ𝑚3 𝑃𝑣
𝛽 = 150
w1 w3 Ph
𝑃ℎ

𝐀
1,2 1,2 0,6

Gambar 6.

Penyelesaian:

cos 𝛽 − √(cos2 𝛽 − cos2 ∅) cos 150 − √(cos 2 150 − cos 2 300 )

𝐾𝑎 = cos 𝛽 = cos 150
cos 𝛽 + √(cos2 𝛽 − cos2 ∅) cos 𝛽 + √(cos 2 150 − cos 2 300 )
𝐾𝑎 = 0,373
H ′ = H + a = 6 + 0,6 tan 150 = 6 + 0,16 = 6,16 m
γ × H 2 × k a 1,9 × 6,162 × 0,373
Pa = = = 13,446 ton⁄m′
2 2
Ph = Pa × cos 15 = 13,446 × cos 150 = 12,988 ton⁄m′
0

Pv = Pa × sin 150 = 13,446 × sin 150 = 3,480 ton⁄m′

Tabel: Perhitungan Beban Vertikal dan Momen Tahan

segmen Perhitungan Berat W Lengan momen Momen

No.

berat W (ton) (ton) thd titik A (m) Tahan (tm)

1,2 × 6
1 = × 2,4 × 1 = 8,640 0,80 6,912
2
2 = 1,2 × 6 × 2,4 × 1 = 17,280 1,80 31,104
0,6 × 6
3 = × 2,4 × 1 = 4,320 2,60 11,232
2
0,6 × 0,16
4 = × 1,9 × 1 = 0.091 2,80 0,255
2
0,6 × 6
5 = × 1,9 × 1 = 3,420 2,80 9,576
2
Pv 3,480 3,00 10,44
∑W = 37,231 ∑MT = 69,519

𝐺𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝐺𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟 = ∑ 𝐻 = 𝑃ℎ = 12,988 ton⁄m′

Karena tanah adalah granular soil, maka gaya penahan geser akibat C (kohesi) = 0 dan tekanan
tanah lateral pasif = 0
𝐽𝑎𝑑𝑖, 𝐺𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟 ∑ 𝑉 × 𝜇 = ∑ 𝑊 × 𝜇 = 37,231 × 0,50 = 18,616 ton⁄m′
∑ 𝑉 × 𝜇 37,231 × 0,50
1. ) 𝐹𝐾𝐺𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟 = = = 2,87 > 1,5 → aman
∑𝐻 12,988
6,16
𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑎 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 (∑ 𝑀𝑔) = 𝑃ℎ × 𝑦𝑎 = 12,988 × = 26,669 tm
3
𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑎 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛 (∑ 𝑀𝑡) = 69,519 tm

∑ 𝑀𝑡 69,519 tm
2. ) 𝐹𝐾𝐺𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = = = 2,61 > 2,0 → aman
∑ 𝑀𝑔 26,669 tm

∑ 𝑉 × 𝑥̅ = ∑ 𝑀𝑡 − ∑ 𝑀𝑔

∑ 𝑀𝑡 − ∑ 𝑀𝑔 69,519 tm − 26,669 tm
𝑥̅ = = = 1,151 𝑚
∑𝑉 37,231 𝑡

𝑏 b 3𝑚
3. ) 𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑒 = − 𝑥̅ < = − 1,151𝑚 = 0,349 m < 0,50 𝑚 → 𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛
2 6 2

∑ 𝑉 = 37,231
𝑒 = 0,349
𝑥̅ = 1,151
A
(B/2)=1,5 m
Tekanan kontak (Contact Pressure) dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan “Flexural Formula”
𝑄 𝑀𝑥 𝑥 𝑀𝑦 𝑦
𝑞= ± ±
𝐴 𝐼𝑦 𝐼𝑥
𝑄 = 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 (𝑅) = ∑ 𝑉 = 37,231 𝑡
𝐴 = 1𝑚 × 3𝑚 = 3𝑚2
𝑀𝑥 = ∑ 𝑉 = 37,231 𝑡 × 0,349 m = 12,994 tm, 𝑀𝑦 = 0
b 3
x= = = 1,50 m
2 2
𝑏ℎ3 1 × 33
𝐼𝑦 = = = 2,25 𝑚4
12 12
37,231 12,994 × 1,5
𝑞= ±
3 0,75
𝑄 𝑀𝑥 𝑥 37,231 12,994 × 1,5
𝑞𝑘𝑖𝑟𝑖 = + = + = 21,073 𝑡⁄𝑚2
𝐴 𝐼𝑦 3 2,25
𝑄 𝑀𝑥 𝑥 37,231 12,994 × 1,5
𝑞𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛 = − = − = 3,748 𝑡⁄𝑚2
𝐴 𝐼𝑦 3 2,25

𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 75 t/m2

4. ) 𝐹𝐾𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑢𝑛𝑔 = = = 3,56 > 3,0 → aman
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 21,073 𝑡⁄𝑚2

Centre line

∑V=37,231 m
e = 0,349 m
1,151 m

3,748 𝑡⁄𝑚2

21,073 𝑡⁄𝑚2

1,5 m

3m
6.
Diketahui tembok penahan dari beton dengan panjang tidak terhingga, ukuran penampang
tembok dan data tanah timbunan secara detail dapat dilihat pada Gambar 6. Diminta
menghitung menggunakan Metode Coulomb:
5. Faktor Keamanan terhadap geser ≥ 1,5
6. Faktor Keamanan terhadap guling ≥ 2,0
7. Eksentrisitas < (L/6)
8. Faktor Keamanan terhadap dukung ≥ 3,0

Catatan:
Koefisien gesek dasar tembok beton dengan tanah dasar (μ) = 0,50
Daya dukung ultimit tanah (Qult ) = 750 kN/m2

1,2 𝛽 = 150

w2 𝑎
Granular Soil
Pv 𝑃𝑎 𝛾 = 1,9 𝑡ൗ𝑚3 𝑃𝑎
6m
δ ∅ = 300
a 𝐶=0
w1 w3 Ph 𝛾𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 2,4 𝑡ൗ 3
𝑚
𝐻
𝑦𝑎 =
α 3
δ
𝐀
1,2 1,2 0,6

Gambar 6.
Penyelesaian:
6
tan 𝛼 = = 10 → 𝛼 = tan−1 10 = 84,2890
0,6
0,6
tan 𝑎 = = 0,1 → 𝑎 = tan−1 0,1 = 5,7110
6
2 2
𝛿 = ∅ = 300 = 200
3 3

sin2(α + ∅)
𝐾𝑎 = 2
sin(∅ + δ) sin(∅ − β)
sin2 α sin(α − δ) [1 + √ ]
sin(α − δ) sin(α + β)
sin2 (84,2890 + 300 )
𝐾𝑎 = 2
sin(300 + 200 ) sin(300 − 150 )
sin2 (84,2890 ) sin(84,2890 − 200 ) [1 +√ ]
sin(84,2890 − 200 ) sin(84,2890 + 150 )
𝐾𝑎 = 0,433
H = 6,0 m
 γ × H 2 × k a 1,9 × 6,02 × 0,433
Pa = = = 14,809 ton⁄m′
2 2
Ph = Pa × cos(δ0 + a) = 14,809 × cos(200 + 5,7110 ) = 13,343 ton⁄m′
PV = Pa × sin(δ0 + a) = 14,809 × sin(200 + 5,7110 ) = 6,425 ton⁄m′

Tabel: Perhitungan Berat dan Momen Tahan

segmen

Perhitungan Berat W Lengan momen Momen

No.

berat W (ton) (ton) thd titik A (m) Tahan (tm)

1,2 × 6
1 = × 2,4 × 1 = 8,640 0,80 6,912
2
2 = 1,2 × 6 × 2,4 × 1 = 17,280 1,80 31,104
0,6 × 6
3 = × 2,4 × 1 = 4,320 2,60 11,232
2
Pv 6,425 2,80 17,990
∑W = 36,665 ∑MT = 67,238

𝐺𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝐺𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟 = ∑ 𝐻 = 𝑃ℎ = 13,343 ton⁄m′

Karena tanah adalah granular soil, maka gaya penahan geser akibat C (kohesi) = 0 dan tekanan
tanah lateral pasif = 0
𝐽𝑎𝑑𝑖, 𝐺𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝐺𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟 ∑ 𝑉 × 𝜇 = ∑ 𝑊 × 𝜇 = 36,665 × 0,50 = 18,333 ton⁄m′
∑ 𝑉 × 𝜇 36,665 × 0,50
1. ) 𝐹𝐾𝐺𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟 = = = 1,37 > 1,5 → tidak aman
∑𝐻 13,343
6,0
𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑎 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 (∑ 𝑀𝑔) = 𝑃ℎ × 𝑦𝑎 = 13,343 × = 26,686 tm
3
𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑎 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑛 (∑ 𝑀𝑡) = 67,238 tm

∑ 𝑀𝑡 67,238 tm
2. ) 𝐹𝐾𝐺𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = = = 2,52 > 2,0 → aman
∑ 𝑀𝑔 26,686 tm

∑ 𝑉 × 𝑥̅ = ∑ 𝑀𝑡 − ∑ 𝑀𝑔

∑ 𝑀𝑡 − ∑ 𝑀𝑔 67,238 tm − 26,686 tm
𝑥̅ = = = 1,106 𝑚
∑𝑉 36,665 𝑡

𝑏 b 3𝑚
3. ) 𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑒 = − 𝑥̅ < = − 1,106𝑚 = 0,394 m < 0,50 𝑚 → 𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛
2 6 2
∑ 𝑉 = 36,665
𝑒 = 0,394
𝑥̅ = 1,106
A
(B/2)=1,5 m
Tekanan kontak (Contact Pressure) dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan “Flexural Formula”
𝑄 𝑀𝑥 𝑥 𝑀𝑦 𝑥
𝑞= ± ±
𝐴 𝐼𝑦 𝐼𝑥
𝑄 = 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 (𝑅) = ∑ 𝑉 = 36,665 𝑡
𝐴 = 1𝑚 × 3𝑚 = 3𝑚2
𝑀𝑥 = ∑ 𝑉 = 36,665 𝑡 × 0,394 m = 14,446 tm, 𝑀𝑦 = 0
b 3
x= = = 1,50 m
2 2
𝑏ℎ3 1 × 33
𝐼𝑦 = = = 2,25 𝑚4
12 12
36,665 14,446 × 1,5
𝑞= ±
3 2,25
𝑄 𝑀𝑥 𝑥 36,665 14,446 × 1,5
𝑞𝑘𝑖𝑟𝑖 = + = + = 21,852 𝑡⁄𝑚2
𝐴 𝐼𝑦 3 2,25
𝑄 𝑀𝑥 𝑥 36,665 14,446 × 1,5
𝑞𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛 = − = − = 2,591 𝑡⁄𝑚2
𝐴 𝐼𝑦 3 2,25

𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 75 t/m2

4. ) 𝐹𝐾𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑢𝑛𝑔 = = = 3,43 > 3,0 → aman
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 21,852 𝑡⁄𝑚2

Centre line

∑V=36,665 m
e = 0,394 m
1,106 m

2,591 𝑡⁄𝑚2

21,852 𝑡⁄𝑚2

1,5 m

3m