DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... i

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... ii
PERCOBAAN I ALIRAN FLUIDA
ABSTRAK
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1
1.1 Judul Praktikum ......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tanggal Praktikum ..................................................................................... 1
1.3 Pelaksana Praktikum .................................................................................. 1
1.4 Tujuan Praktikum ....................................................................................... 1
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.......................................................................... 2
2.1 Pengertian Fluida ....................................................................................... 2
2.2 Sifat-sifat Aliran Fluida.............................................................................. 2
2.2.1 Kerapatan (Density) ....................................................................... 3
2.2.2 Laju Alir Massa ........................................................................... . 4
2.2.3 Viskositas ....................................................................................... 4
2.2.4 Aliran Fluida .................................................................................. 5
2.3 Kerugian Tekanan Aliran Dalam Pipa (Head Loss) .................................. 6
2.3.1 Kerugian Mayor (Mayor Losses) ................................................... 6
2.3.2 Kerugian Minor (Minor Losses).................................................. . 6
2.4 Koefisien Gesek (f) .................................................................................... 7
2.5 Hukum-hukum Dasar Fluida Statis ............................................................ 7
2.6 Persamaan dan Hukum Dasar Fluida Dinamis .......................................... 8
2.7 Persamaan Kontinuitas ............................................................................... 9
2.8 Daya Oleh Debit Fluida ............................................................................. 9
2.9 Asas Bernoulli ............................................................................................ 9
2.10 Jenis Alat Ukur Aliran Fluida .................................................................... 9
2.11 Venturi Meter dan Orifice Meter……………………………………………10
BAB III METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM ......................................................... 10
3.1 Alat Dan Bahan ......................................................................................... 10
3.1.1 Alat-alat ......................................................................................... 10
3.1.2 Bahan-bahan .................................................................................. 10
3.2 Prosedur Kerja ........................................................................................... 10
3.2.1 Penentuan Laju Alir Pada Wout V3 ............................................... 10
3.2.2 Tahap Pengambilan Data .............................................................. 10
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................ 12
4.1 Hasil .......................................................................................................... 12
4.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................................... 12
4.2.1 Hubungan Antara Bukaan Dengan Laju Alir Orifice Meter ......... 13
4.2.2 Hubungan Antara Laju Alir Dengan Bilangan Reynold ............... 14
4.2.3 Hubungan Wout V3 Dengan Laju Alir Orifice Meter ................... 14
4.2.4 Hubungan ∆P Dengan Laju Alir Orifice Meter ........................... 15
BAB V PENUTUP ............................................................................................... 16
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................... 16
5.2 Saran ......................................................................................................... 16
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 17
LAMPIRAN A
LEMBAR PENUGASAN…………………………………………………………LA-I
LEMBAR DATA………………………………………………………………….LA-II
BON ALAT DAN BAHAN……………………………………………………...LA-III
LAMPIRAN B PERHITUNGAN ................................................................. LB-I
LAMPIRAN C GAMBAR ALAT................................................................. LC-1
JURNAL

PERCOBAAN II CRUSHING AND SCREENING

ABSTRAK
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 18
1.1 Judul Praktikum ...................................................................................... 18
1.2 Tanggal Praktikum .................................................................................. 18
1.3 Pelaksana Praktikum ............................................................................... 18
1.4 Tujuan Praktikum .................................................................................... 18
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....................................................................... 19
2.1 Pengeringan (Drying) .............................................................................. 19
2.2 Pemecahan (Crushing) ............................................................................ 19
2.3 Grinding Mill .......................................................................................... 20
2.4 Kominusi ................................................................................................. 20
2.5 Alat Pemecah (Grinder) .......................................................................... 20
2.6 Jenis Mesin Pemecah dan Penghalus Zat Padat ...................................... 21
2.6.1 Mesin Pemecah Kasar dan Halus ................................................ 22
2.6.2 Mesin Giling Halus ..................................................................... 22
2.6.3 Mesin Giling Ultra Halus ............................................................ 22
2.7 Pengayakan (Screening) .......................................................................... 22
2.8 Tujuan Pengayakan ................................................................................. 24
2.9 Faktor Kecepatan Material Lolos Dari Bukaan Ayakan ......................... 24
2.10 Klasifikasi Screen.................................................................................... 24
2.10.1 Fixed Screen ................................................................................ 25
2.10.2 Ayakan Bergerak (Moving Screen) ............................................. 25
2.11 Kapasitas Screen ..................................................................................... 26
2.12 Efesiensi Pengayakan .............................................................................. 26
BAB III METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM ....................................................... 27
3.1 Alat Dan Bahan ....................................................................................... 27
3.1.1 Alat ............................................................................................. 27
3.1.2 Bahan .......................................................................................... 27
3.2 Prosedur Kerja ......................................................................................... 27
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................... 29
4.1 Hasil ........................................................................................................ 29
4.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 30
4.2.1 Hubungan Fraksi Massa Lolos Dengan Nomor Mesh ................ 32
4.2.2 Hubungan Fraksi Massa Tertahan Dengan Nomor Mesh............ 34
4.2.3 Hubungan Fraksi Dpm Terhadap Waktu Penggilingan............... 34
BAB V PENUTUP ............................................................................................. 36
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 36
5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 36
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 37
LAMPIRAN A
LEMBAR PENUGASAN…………………………………………………………LA-I
LEMBAR DATA…………………………………………………………………. LA-II
BON ALAT DAN BAHAN……………………………………………………...LA-IV
LAMPIRAN B PERHITUNGAN ................................................................. LB-I
LAMPIRAN C GAMBAR ALAT................................................................. LC-1
JURNAL

PERCOBAAN III TRANSESTERIFIKASI

ABSTRAK
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 38
1.1 Judul Praktikum ...................................................................................... 38
1.2 Tanggal Praktikum .................................................................................. 38
1.3 Pelaksana Praktikum ............................................................................... 38
1.4 Tujuan Praktikum .................................................................................... 38
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....................................................................... 39
2.1 Minyak Kelapa Sawit .............................................................................. 39
2.2 Biodiesel .................................................................................................. 40
2.3 Esterifikasi............................................................................................... 42
2.4 Transesterifikasi ...................................................................................... 42
2.5 Asam Lemak Bebas (FFA) ..................................................................... 44
BAB III METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM ....................................................... 45
3.1 Bahan Dan Alat ....................................................................................... 45
3.1.1 Bahan........................................................................................... 45
3.1.2 Alat .............................................................................................. 45
3.2 Prosedur Kerja ......................................................................................... 45
3.2.1 Kadar FFA ................................................................................... 46
3.2.2 Pengukuran Densitas ................................................................... 46
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................... 48
4.1 Hasil ........................................................................................................ 48
4.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 48
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................ 53
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 53
5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 53

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 54

LAMPIRAN A
LEMBAR PENUGASAN…………………………………………………………LA-I
LEMBAR DATA…………………………………………………………………. LA-II
BON ALAT DAN BAHAN……………………………………………………...LA-IV
LAMPIRAN B PERHITUNGAN ................................................................. LB-I
LAMPIRAN C TUGAS DAN PERTANYAAN .......................................... LC-1
LAMPIRAN D GAMBAR ALAT ................................................................ LD-1
JURNAL

PERCOBAAN IV MIXING AND AGITATION

ABSTRAK
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 56
1.1 Judul Praktikum ...................................................................................... 56
1.2 Tanggal Praktikum .................................................................................. 56
1.3 Pelaksana Praktikum ............................................................................... 56
1.4 Tujuan Praktikum .................................................................................... 56
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....................................................................... 57
2.1 Pengertian Pengadukan .......................................................................... 58
2.2 Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pencampuran .................................. 59
2.2.1 Posisi Sumbu Pengaduk .............................................................. 59
2.2.2 Sekat dalam Tangki ..................................................................... 60
2.2.3 Kecepatan Pengaduk ................................................................... 60
2.2.4 Pemilihan Pengaduk .................................................................... 61
2.3 Jenis-jenis Pengaduk ............................................................................... 62
BAB III METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM ....................................................... 65
3.1 Alat Dan Bahan ....................................................................................... 65
3.1.1 Alat ............................................................................................. 65
3.1.2 Bahan .......................................................................................... 65
3.2 Prosedur Kerja ......................................................................................... 65
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................... 66
4.1 Hasil ........................................................................................................ 66
4.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 67
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................ 72
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 72
5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 72
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 73
LAMPIRAN A
LEMBAR PENUGASAN…………………………………………………………LA-I
LEMBAR DATA…………………………………………………………………. LA-II
BON ALAT DAN BAHAN……………………………………………………...LA-IV
LAMPIRAN B PERHITUNGAN ................................................................. LB-I
LAMPIRAN C TUGAS DAN PERTANYAAN .......................................... LC-1
LAMPIRAN D GAMBAR ALAT ................................................................ LD-1
LAMPIRAN E APPENDIX ......................................................................... LE-1
JURNAL

PERCOBAAN V RESIN UREA FORMALDEHID

ABSTRAK
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 74
1.1 Judul Praktikum....................................................................................... 74
1.2 Tanggal Praktikum .................................................................................. 74
1.3 Pelaksana Praktikum ............................................................................... 74
1.4 Tujuan Praktikum .................................................................................... 74
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....................................................................... 75
2.1 Konversi Kimia Resin Urea .................................................................... 75
2.2 Resin Urea Formaldehid ......................................................................... 75
2.3 Reaksi Urea dan Formaldehid ................................................................. 78
2.4 Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Reaksi Urea Formaldehid ............... 79
2.5 Kegunaan Resin Urea Formaldehid ........................................................ 81
2.6 Pengaruh Variasi F/U Terhadap Densitas ............................................... 81

BAB III METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM ....................................................... 83

3.1 Alat Dan Bahan ....................................................................................... 83
3.1.1 Alat ............................................................................................. 83
3.1.2 Bahan .......................................................................................... 84
3.2 Prosedur Kerja ......................................................................................... 84
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................... 87
4.1 Hasil ........................................................................................................ 87
4.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 87
4.2.1 Grafik Hubungan Antara Waktu Pemanasan dengan pH ........... 88
4.2.2 Grafik Hubungan Antara Waktu Pemanasan dengan Densitas .. 89
4.2.3 Grafik Hubungan Antara Waktu Pemanasan dengan Viskositas 90
4.2.4 Grafik Hubungan Antara Waktu Pemanasan dan Kadar RUF .. 91
BAB V PENUTUP ............................................................................................. 93
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 93
5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 93
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 94
LAMPIRAN A
LEMBAR PENUGASAN…………………………………………………………LA-I
LEMBAR DATA…………………………………………………………………. LA-II
BON ALAT DAN BAHAN……………………………………………………...LA-IV
LAMPIRAN B PERHITUNGAN ................................................................. LB-I
LAMPIRAN C GAMBAR ALAT................................................................. LC-1
JURNAL

PERCOBAAN VI PLATE AND FRAM FILTER PRESS

ABSTRAK
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 95
1.1 Judul Praktikum....................................................................................... 95
1.2 Tanggal Praktikum .................................................................................. 95
1.3 Pelaksana Praktikum ............................................................................... 95
1.4 Tujuan Praktikum .................................................................................... 95
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....................................................................... 96
2.1 Penyaring Gravitasi ................................................................................. 97
2.2 Penyaring Vakum .................................................................................... 99
2.3 Penyaring Tekanan .................................................................................. 99
2.4 Penyaring Sentrifugal .............................................................................. 100
BAB III METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM ....................................................... 101
3.1 Alat Dan Bahan ....................................................................................... 101
3.1.1 Alat ............................................................................................. 101
3.1.2 Bahan .......................................................................................... 101
3.3 Prosedur Kerja ......................................................................................... 101
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................... 103
4.3 Hasil ........................................................................................................ 103
4.4 Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 104
BAB V PENUTUP ............................................................................................. 106
3.2 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 106
3.3 Saran ....................................................................................................... 106
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 107
LAMPIRAN A
LEMBAR PENUGASAN…………………………………………………………LA-I
LEMBAR DATA…………………………………………………………………. LA-II
BON ALAT DAN BAHAN……………………………………………………...LA-IV
LAMPIRAN B PERHITUNGAN ................................................................. LB-I
LAMPIRAN C GAMBAR ALAT................................................................. LC-1
JURNAL
 LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM PROSES TEKNIK KIMIA I

Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Tugas Akhir Praktikum

Proses Teknik Kimia I

Disusun Oleh:
Kelompok 2 (A4)

EKA PRATAMA NIM. 170140102

FITRIANI NIM. 170140109
YANA RAHMADANI LUBIS NIM. 170140129

JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH
LHOKSEUMAWE
2020
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas rahmat dan
karunia-Nya, sehingga kami (Kelompok II A4) dapat menyelesaikan laporan akhir
Proses Teknik Kimia I ini berdasarkan waktu yang ditentukan.
Dalam penyusunan laporan akhir ini, tidak sedikit hambatan yang kami
hadapi. Namun, kami menyadari bahwa kelancaran dalam penyusunan laporan
akhir ini tidak lain berkat bantuan, dorongan, dan kerjasama bersama teman-teman
sehingga kendala-kendala yang kami hadapi dapat kami atasi.
Laporan ini masih sangat jauh dari kesempurnaan, karena pengalaman yang
kami miliki pun masih kurang. Oleh karena itu, kami harapkan kepada para
pembaca untuk memberikan kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun untuk
kesempurnaan laporan akhir ini. Sehingga kami dapat memperbaiki bentuk maupun
isi laporan akhir ini supaya kedepan dapat lebih baik.

Lhokseumawe, 03 Januari 2020

Penyusun

Kelompok 2