Regangan

Tegangan (Stress)
• Jenis jenis pembebanan
Tegangan Normal (Normal Stress)

• s = Tegangan (N/m2 )atau (lb/in2)

• P = Gaya (N atau lb)
• A = Luas Penampang (m2 atau in2)
 Regangan (Strain)
Perbandingan antara perubahan panjang () dengan
panjang semula (L) disebut sebagai regangan ( strain)
yang dinyatakan dengan huruf yunani  = ( epsilon )
L
P

P m P
n

s
•  = Regangan (mm/mm)atau (in/in)
•  = Perubahan panjang (mm atau in)
• L = Panjang semula (mm atau in)
Hubungan tegangan dan regangan
• sp = batas kesebandingan
• sv = Titik luluh atas
• sE = Titik luluh bawah
• sB = Kekuatan tarik
• s B = Tegangan tarik maksimum
• s f = Tegangan Patah
 Hukum Hooke
Apabila suatu bahan yang mengalami pembebanan menunjukkan suatu
hubungan linier antara tegangan dan regangan, maka bahan dikatakan
elastis, sedangkan perbandingan antara tegangan dan regangan pada
daerah elastis linier dikenal sebagai modulus elastisitas dari bahan yang
dinyatakan dalam persamaan

• s = Tegangan (N/m2 )atau (lb/in2)

• E = Modulus Elastisitas (N/m2 atau lb/in2)
•  = Regangan(mm/mm atau in/in)
 Poisson Ratio

Poison rasio adalah perbandingan antara

lateral strain dengan axial strain

axial strain
 Persamaan Regangan

F
s = F
s A F= A =
F .L
atau =
F .L
E=  A. A.E
 l  L
= =
L L
• Dimana F : Gaya normal (N)
• A : Luas penampang ( mm2)
• L : Panjang batang semula ( mm2)
• E : Modulus elastisitas ( N/mm2)
Edition
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Deformations Under Axial Loading

• From Hooke’s Law:

s P
s = E = =
E AE
• From the definition of strain:

=
L
• Equating and solving for the deformation,
PL
=
AE
• With variations in loading, cross-section or
material properties,
PL
 = i i
i Ai Ei

© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 - 16

Edition
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Example 2.01

SOLUTION:
• Divide the rod into components at
the load application points.

• Apply a free-body analysis on each

6
E = 29 10 psi component to determine the
D = 1.07 in. d = 0.618 in. internal force

• Evaluate the total of the component

Determine the deformation of deflections.
the steel rod shown under the
given loads.

© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 - 17

Edition
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

SOLUTION: • Apply free-body analysis to each

component to determine internal forces,
• Divide the rod into three
components: P1 = 60 103 lb

P2 = 15 103 lb

P3 = 30 103 lb

• Evaluate total deflection,

Pi Li 1  P1L1 P2 L2 P3 L3 
 = =    
A
i i iE E  1A A 2 A 3 

=
1     
 60 103 12  15 103 12 30 103 16 
 

6 
29 10  0.9 0.9 0.3 

= 75.9 103 in.

L1 = L2 = 12 in. L3 = 16 in.
 = 75.9 103 in.
A1 = A2 = 0.9 in 2 A3 = 0.3 in 2

© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 - 18

Edition
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Sample Problem 2.1

SOLUTION:
• Apply a free-body analysis to the bar
BDE to find the forces exerted by
links AB and DC.
• Evaluate the deformation of links AB
The rigid bar BDE is supported by two and DC or the displacements of B
links AB and CD. and D.

Link AB is made of aluminum (E = 70 • Work out the geometry to find the

GPa) and has a cross-sectional area of 500 deflection at E given the deflections
mm2. Link CD is made of steel (E = 200 at B and D.
GPa) and has a cross-sectional area of (600
mm2).
For the 30-kN force shown, determine the
deflection a) of B, b) of D, and c) of E.

© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 - 19

Edition
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Sample Problem 2.1

SOLUTION: Displacement of B:
PL
Free body: Bar BDE B =
AE
 60 103 N 0.3 m 
=
500 10-6 m2 70 109 Pa 
= 514 10 6 m
 B = 0.514 mm 
MB = 0
Displacement of D:
0 = 30 kN  0.6 m   FCD  0.2 m
PL
FCD = 90 kN tension
D =
AE
 MD = 0 90 103 N 0.4 m 
0 = 30 kN  0.4 m   FAB  0.2 m
=
600 10-6 m2 200 109 Pa 
FAB = 60 kN compressio n = 300 10 6 m

 D = 0.300 mm 
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 - 20
Edition
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Sample Problem 2.1

Displacement of D:

BB BH
=
DD HD
0.514 mm 200 mm   x
=
0.300 mm x
x = 73.7 mm

EE  HE
=
DD HD
E
=
400  73.7 mm
0.300 mm 73.7 mm
 E = 1.928 mm

 E = 1.928 mm 

© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 - 21