Oleh:
Preseptor :
Dr. dr. Rika Susanti, Sp.F
ABSTRAK
Manusia yang tidak teridentifikasi dengan riwayat pengobatan yang tidak diketahui selalu dapat
menyebabkan bahaya biologis kepada ahli patologi forensik dan odontologis seperti infeksi
hepatitis C, HIV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), virus hemorragic fever seperi
virus ebola, meningitis dan sekarang Sars-Cov2. Pandemi pada penyakit baru coronavirus
(Covid-19) telah menyebar hingga 185 negara dengan peningkatan jumlah kematian. Patologi
forensik dan odontology mungkin berpikir untuk melakukan identifikasi autopsy untuk kasus
konfirmasi positif atau tersangka pada kematian karena Sars-Cov2. Dengan menaati seluruh
rekomendasi dan peraturan risiko pencegahan yang universal maka risiko dapat diminimalisir,
dan praktik terbaik dalam identifikasi manusia adalah menjaga hak korban yang meninggal.
Artikel berikut berupa ringkasan rekomendasi untuk melakukan otopsi gigi dan manajemen
kasus tersangka COVID-19.
Pendahuluan
Coronavirus merupakan kelompok/family zoonosis dari RNA betacoronavirus yang
sebagian besar hidup dan memiliki inang di tikus, babi, kelelawar dan unggas [1], tetapi telah
diketahui sejak tahun 1960 bahwa virus tersebut dapat juga menginfeksi manusia. Mereka
termasuk ordo coronaviridae dan memiliki keragaman genetik selama replikasi virus,
menghasilkan RNA sub-genomik yang mengarah pada peningkatan spesies coronavirus. [2)
Begitu juga ketika terjadi penularan dari manusia ke manusia.[3]
Novel Virus berhubungan dengan wabah yang terjadi pada manusia. Sudah diketahui
bahwa terdapat tujuh coronavirus yang dapat menginfeksi manusia: OC43, SARS (Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome), HKU1, 229E, NL63, dan MERS (Middele East Respiratory Syndrome).
[4,5] Virus yang ketujuh muncul di China, awal endemi di Wuhan, pada tangggal 12 Desember
2019 dari pasar seafood lokal. [1] dan disebut sebagai Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV2) yang menyebabkan penyakit coronavirus 19, COVID 19. [3, 6]
Cadaver/mayat selalu dapat menyebarkan paparan bahaha biologis pada ilmuwan
forensik termasuk Infeksi hepatitis C, HIV, MERS (Middele East Respiratory Syndrome), virus
hemorragic fever seperi virus ebola, meningitis dan sekarang Sars-Cov2. Pandemi penyakit
coronavirus yang baru yang pada 14 April 2020 telah menyebar ke 85 negara dengan jumlah
1.920.918 kematian.[7] Menurut pengetahuan yang kami ketahui, tidak ada kasus yang
dilaporkan tentang petugas medis yang terinfeksi setelah melakukan otopsi pasien COVID-19 [8]
dan tidak ada identifikasi otopsi yang dilaporkan pada pasien yang meninggal dengan suspek
atau terkonfirmasi positif SARS-CoV2.
Namun, mengingat wabah COVID-19 dan deklarasi pandemic pada 11 Maret 2020 oleh
badan WHO dan meningkatnya jumlah kematian, kami beranggapan bahwa adanya potensi
risiko terinfeksi untuk ahli patologi dan odontologi.
Laporan singkat ini memberikan rekomendasi kepada forensik odontologi dalam hal
praktik keamanan dan pengendalian infeksi selama pengumpulan data post-mortem dari gigi
manusia tanpa riwayat medis yang diketahui.
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