atur mangan
Sejarah
Tumbuhan berkayu muncul di alam
diperkirakan pertama kali pada 395
hingga 400 juta tahun yang lalu.[1]
Manusia telah menggunakan kayu untuk
berbagai kebutuhan sejak ribuan tahun,
terutama untuk bahan bakar dan bahan
konstruksi untuk membuat rumah dan
senjata serta sebagai bahan baku
industri (misal pengemasan dan kertas).
Kayu bisa dijadikan referensi sejarah
mengenai kondisi iklim dan cuaca pada
masa pohon tersebut tumbuh melalui
variasi jarak antar cincin pertumbuhan.[2]
Bagian
Mata kayu
Cincin pertumbuhan …
Mata kayu …
Kayu teras …
Kayu gubal …
Sifat fisik
Setiap jenis kayu memiliki sifat fisik yang
bervariasi, yang menentukan kualitas dan
fungsi dari kayu tersebut. Kayu lunak
(softwood) misalnya lebih dipilih untuk
menjadi kertas karena mudah
dihancurkan dan dijadikan pulp.
Sedangkan kayu keras (hardwood)
digunakan sebagai tiang bangunan.
Selain itu, keberadaan fitur tertentu
seperti knot (mata kayu) dan warna juga
mempengaruhi. Kayu merupakan hasil
dari tumbuhan hidup dengan serat yang
tidak homogen, sehingga sifat fisiknya
tidak akan sama secara radial (dari
bagian empulur ke luar) dan longitudinal
(memanjang kayu, dari bawah ke atas).
Kadar air …
Unsur kimiawi
Selain air, kayu memiliki tiga komponen
utama, yaitu selulosa, hemiselulosa,
lignin. Gabungan dari ketiganya disebut
dengan lignoselulosa.
Senyawa ekstraktif …
Manfaat
Bahan bakar …
Olahraga …
Kedokteran …
Pada tahun 2010, para ilmuwan italia
mengatakan bahwa kayu dapat
digunakan sebagai bahan pengganti
tulang. Diperkirakan pada tahun 2015
metode ini dapat diaplikasikan ke
manusia.[12]
Lihat pula
Daftar kayu
Daftar kayu di Indonesia
Referensi
1. ^ "N.B. fossils show origins of
wood" . CBC.ca. August 12, 2011.
Diakses tanggal August 12, 2011.
2. ^ Briffa K.; Shishov, V. V; Melvin, T. M;
Vaganov, E. A; Grudd, H.; Hantemirov,
R. M; Eronen, M.; Naurzbaev, M. M; et
al. (2008). "Trends in recent
temperature and radial tree growth
spanning 2000 years across
northwest Eurasia" . Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B:
Biological Sciences. 363 (1501):
2271–2284.
doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2199 .
PMC 2606779 . PMID 18048299 .
3. ^ Wood growth and structure
www.farmforestline.com.au
4. ^ Record, Samuel J (1914). The
Mechanical Properties of Wood . J.
Wiley & Sons. hlm. 165.
ISBN B000863N3W Periksa nilai:
invalid character |isbn= (bantuan).
5. ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911).
"Alburnum". Encyclopædia Britannica
(edisi ke-11). Cambridge University
Press.
. ^ Shigo 1986, 54.
7. ^ Capon 2005, hlm. 65.
. ^ W. Boerjan, J. Ralph, M. Baucher
(2003). "Lignin biosynthesis". Ann.
Rev. Plant Biol. 54 (1): 519–549.
doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.0319
02.134938 . PMID 14503002 .
9. ^ Mimms, Agneta (1993). Kraft
Pulping. A Compilation of Notes.
TAPPI Press. hlm. 6–7. ISBN 0-
89852-322-2.
10. ^ Fiebach, Klemens; Grimm, Dieter
(2000). "Resins, Natural". Ullmann's
Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.
doi:10.1002/14356007.a23_073 .
ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
11. ^ "Clean Burning Wood Stoves and
Fireplaces" .
12. ^ "Scientists make bones from
wood" . BBC News. January 3, 2010.
13. ^ "wood, tree or frame in which it is
impaled, fixed or hanged criminals."
T. Lewis, Charlton; Short, Charles, A
Latin Dictionary. Harper and Brothers
publishers. New York in 1879. Oxford
University Press.[1] [2]
14. ^ "even among the Romans the crux
(from which our cross is derived)
appears to have originally been a
stick upright, and this always
remained the more prominent part".
P. Fairbairn (1874). The Imperial
Bible-Dictionary. I. London. hlm. 376.
15. ^ 1 Peter: a new translation with
introduction and commentary:
Volume 37, Part 2 John Hall Elliott -
2000 "... the light of this
Deuteronomic passage ("cursed of
Cod is everyone who hangs on a tree
[epi xylon])," Deut 21:23
1 . ^ The Acts of the Apostles - Page 98
Luke Timothy Johnson, Daniel J.
Harrington - 1992 ".. which derives
from the LXX usage for "hanging"
(Josh 8:29; 10:24), and above all
from the curse passage of Deut
21:23"
17. ^ 1 Peter: a new translation with
introduction and commentary John
Hall Elliott - 2000 "The use of "tree"
also distinguishes 1 Peter from Paul
who, apart from Gal 3:13, employs
stauros, never xylon, for the cross of
Christ (cf. 1 Cor 1:17, 18; Gal 5:1 1;
6:12, 14; Phil 2:8; 3:18). By contrast,
the Petrine author employs ..."
1 . ^ 1 and 2 Peter, Jude Norman Hillyer -
2011 "Peter's description of the cross
of Christ as a tree (xylon) is a favorite
expression of his, for it recurs in his
addresses in Acts (5:30; 10:39).
According to Deuteronomy 21:22–
23LXX, one who broke the Mosaic
law was to be hanged on a tree"
19. ^ In Liddell and Scott, the meanings
of the word "ξύλον" are classified
under five headings::I. wood cut and
ready for use, firewood, timber (in
these senses the word is usually in
the plural);:II. piece of wood, log,
beam, post or an object made of
wood, such as a spoon, the Trojan
horse, a cudgel or club, an
instrument of punishment (a collar
for someone's neck, stocks to
confine his feet or to confine his
neck, arms and legs, a gallows to
hang him, or a stake to impale him),
a table, a bench as in the theatre;:III.
a tree:IV. a blockhead or a stubborn
person;:V. a measure of length.
/ptext?
doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.00
57%3Aentry%3D%23 71752 Liddell
and Scott: ξύλον
20. ^ Fernand Cabrol (1908). "The True
Cross" . The Catholic Encyclopedia.
4. New York: Robert Appleton
Company – via New Advent.
21. ^ Very Rev. Fr. Krikor Maksoudian;
Christopher H. Zakian. "About the
Exaltation of the Cross" . Diocese of
the Armenian Church of America
(Eastern).
22. ^ "Elevation of the Holy Cross" .
OrthodoxWiki.
Pustaka
Hoadley, R. Bruce (2000). Understanding
Wood: A Craftsman’s Guide to Wood
Technology. Taunton Press. ISBN 1-56158-
358-8.
Capon, Brian (2005). Botany for Gardeners
(edisi ke-2nd). Portland, OR: Timber
Publishing. ISBN 0-88192-655-8.
Shigo, Alex. (1986) A New Tree Biology
Dictionary. Shigo and Trees, Associates.
ISBN 0-943563-12-7
The Wood in Culture Association
The Wood Explorer: A comprehensive
database of commercial wood species
APA – The Engineered Wood Association
Pranala luar
Definisi kamus kayu di Wiktionary
Media yang berhubungan dengan
Wood di Wikimedia Commons.
Diperoleh dari
"https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Kayu&oldid=16828655"