Analyse the
outcome
Penetapan harga obat baru dan penetapan
kembali harga obat yang sudah ada
Menyelesaikan formularium obat
Membuat data untuk bahan promosi obat.
Pemenuhan persyaratan lisensi obat.
Memasukkan obat dalam skema penggantian
medis / asuransi.
Pengenalan skema dan program baru di farmasi
rumah sakit dan farmasi klinis.
Pengembangan obat dan uji klinis
Decision makers
Analysts
Patient
Patient counsellar
Healtheconomics
• Ekonomi kesehatan adalah penerapan disiplin ilmu
ekonomi pada topik kesehatan.
• Societal perspective
Included costs:
-Direct costs
-Indirect costs
relevant to employers
lost workdays
Termasuk biaya:
Langsung; biaya keseluruhan dalam memberikan
perawatan
Tidak langsung; hilangnya produktivitas
Economic
Outcomes
Clinical
Outcomes
Humanistic
Outcomes
Clinical- As a result of disease or treatment
-survival / mortality
-morbidity
Humanistic
-Patient preferences / Utilities
-Quality of life
Kategori Outcome
• Economic outcome
– Biaya
• Clinical outcome
– Mortalitas
– Tekanan darah (HT), HbA1C (diabetes)
– Jumlah yang bisa teratasi (sembuh)
– Jumlah pasien yang bebas dari penyakit
• Humanistic outcome
– Kualitas hidup
– Kepuasan pasien
– Yang lebih disukai pasien
Time and money can
only be spent once-
choice is inevitable
Pharmacoeconomics can
enhance the quality of
practice by
strengthening
evaluation process and
increasing the
probability that deliver
better value in patient
care
Relationship Between Outcomes, Pharmacoeconomics
and Pharmaceutical Care
Outcomes
Research
Pharmaco-
economics
Pharmaceutical
Care
Pharmacoeconomics:
The description and analysis of the costs and consequences of
pharmaceutical products and services and their impact on
individuals, health care systems and society.
Pharmaceutical Care:
The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purposes of
achieving definite outcomes.
Outcomes Research:
Broadly defined as studies that attempt to identify, measure and
evaluate the end result of health care services in general.
Outcomes Relationship
CLINICAL
OUTCOMES
RESEARCH ECONOMIC
HUMANISTIC
Outcomes Research