OLEH
MARTINI HARTAWAN
FAKULTAS PETERNAKAN
UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA
DENPASAR
2017
Pengaruh Natrium Hidroksida Dengan Kombinasi Pelarut Heksana – Etanol Terhadap
Kualitas Fisik Dan Kimia Gelatin Kulit Kaki Broiler
Oleh
Martini Hartawan
Abstrak
Kata Kunci :gelatin, kulit kaki ayam broiler, NAOH, ektraksi heksana-etanol, kimia fisik
ABSTRACT
The current research work was aimed to study the effect of sodium hydroxide diluted in
hexane – ethanol on physical and chemical qualities of gelatin in broiler leg skin. . The extraction
process was conducted in the Laboratory of Technology of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal
Husbandry at Denpasar while assessment of physical and chemical qualities of gelatin was done
in Laboratory of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Udayana University at
Bukit, Jimbaran.
A randomized design was employed with three different combinations of diluents.
Treatment A was combination of hexane : ethanol of 1 : 1, Treatment B was combination of 1 :
3, and Treatment C was combination of 3 : 1. Six (6) kg of fresh broiler leg skin was used. They
were initially soaked in 1.5% NaOH for 3 days following which they were filtered and divided
into 3 parts for subjected with the above 3 treatments, respectively. The physical quality
examined includes pH, rendement, and viscosity while those of chemical quality include the
concentrations of water, protein, and fat gelatin.
The current results showed that the physical quality of gelatin did not differ significantly
(P > 0.05). A significant different, however, was noted on pH values ranging from 6.63 to 8.41.
The percentage of gelatin rendement and viscosity was highest of 93.19% and 8.08 poise,
respectively. The concentration of water in gelatin for Treatment C was the lowest of 91.40%.
The percentage of gelatin protein was in the range of 1.87 – 2.04% and it was the highest for
treatment B (1.31%). The percentage of gelatin fat ranged from 1.87 – 2.04% the lowest for
Treatment B at 1.87%.
Based on the current results, it can be concluded that treatment with NaOH and extraction
of broiler leg skin with combination of diluents of hexane : ethanol at 1 : 3 (Treatment B)
resulted in optimum gelatin products when assessed from the physical and chemical qualities
point of view.
Keywords: Gelatin, broiler leg skin, NaOH, extraction, hexane : ethanol, physical and
chemical qualities
I. PENDAHULUAN
2.1 Materi
Bahan dasar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit kaki broiler yang segar
sebanyak 3 kg. bahan-bahan lainnya adalah heksana, etanol, NaOH, aquades, dan laruten buffer.
Alat-alat yang digunakan adalah Viscosimeter Oswald, gelas kimia, gelas piala, erlenmeyer,
desikator, thermometer, timbangan analitik, panci aluminium, ember plastik, oven, waterbath,
gelas ukur, kompor, loyang dan penyaring kain kasa, pH meter digital, seperangkat peralatan
analisis kadar air, protein, dan lemak.
2.2 Metode
2.2.1 Lokasi dan waktu Penelitian
Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 7 Juni-12 Juli 2007 di Laboratorium Teknologi
Hasil Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Udayana di Jalan P.B. Sudirman, Denpasar.Untuk
analisis kualitas fisik dan kimia dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Bukit
Jimbaran.
3.1 Hasil
Hasil penelitian produksi gelatin dari kulit kaki broiler dengan metode ekstraksi
terkombinasi dari protein kulit kaki broiler dipaparkan secara lengkap pada Tabel 1, baik kualitas
fisik dan kimia gelatin.
Tabel 1. Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Gelatin Kulit Kaki Broiler Perlakuan NaOH dengan
Kombinasi Pelarut Heksana dan Etanol
Variabel A1) B C
a3) b
Nilai pH 8,41 6,63 8,21a
a a
Rendemen (%) 94,00 92,19 93,19a
Viskositas (poise) 6,95a 8,08a 7,33a
2 a a
Kadar air (% BS ) 92,51 92,14 91,40a
Kadar protein (% BS) 1,09a 1,31a 1,46a
a a
Kadar lemak (% BS) 2,04 1,87 1,89a
Keterangan:
1. A: Perbandingan ekstraksi pelarut heksana:etanol (1:1)
B: Perbandingan ekstraksi pelarut heksana:etanol (1:3)
C: perbandingan ekstraksi pelarut heksana:etanol (3:1)
2. BS: Berat Segar
3. Nilai dengan huruf yang sama pada baris yang sama menunjukkan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05)
4.1 Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa, curing kulit kaki broiler
menggunakan NaOH 1,5% yang dilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi ke dalam pelarut 1 bagian heksana
dan 3 bagian etanol menghasilkan produk gelatin yang optimal, ditinjau dari kualitas fisik :
pH6,63, rendemen 92,19 % dan viskositas 8,08 poise dan :kualitas kimianya: kadar air 92,14 %,
kadar protein1,31 % dan kadar lemak 1,87%
4.2 Saran
Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengkaji waktu ekstrak yang efektif, serta
kombinasi heksana etanol untuk mendapatkan produk gelatin yang memiliki kadar protein yang
optimal.
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