Adjoin Matriks
a. Adjoin Matriks Ordo Dua
𝑎 𝑏
Misalkan matriks A = ( ). Adjoin dari matriks A ditulis Adj (A) dan
𝑐 𝑑
didefinisikan sebagai berikut.
𝑑 −𝑏
Adj (A) = ( )
−𝑐 𝑎
Contoh :
1
𝑑 𝑓
Baris ke-1 kolom ke-2 dihilangkan, sehingga diperoleh matriks ( )
𝑔 𝑖
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(𝑑 𝑒 𝑓) 𝑑 𝑓
Jadi, minor a12 = |M12| = | | = di – fg.
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 𝑔 𝑖
𝑑 𝑒
Baris ke-1 kolom ke-3 dihilangkan, sehingga diperoleh matriks ( )
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑔 ℎ
( 𝑑 𝑒 𝑓) 𝑑 𝑒
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 Jadi, minor a13 = |M13| = | | = dh – eg.
𝑔 ℎ
𝑏 𝑐
Baris ke-2 kolom ke-1 dihilangkan, sehingga diperoleh matriks ( )
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 ℎ 𝑖
(𝑑 𝑒 𝑓) 𝑏 𝑐|
Jadi, minor a21 = |M21| = | = bi – ch.
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 ℎ 𝑖
𝑎 𝑐
Baris ke-2 kolom ke-2 dihilangkan, sehingga diperoleh matriks (𝑔 𝑖)
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(𝑑 𝑒 𝑓) 𝑎 𝑐
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖
Jadi, minor a22 = |M22| = |𝑔 𝑖 | = ai – cg.
𝑎 𝑏
Baris ke-2 kolom ke-3 dihilangkan, sehingga diperoleh matriks ( )
𝑔 ℎ
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(𝑑 𝑒 𝑓) 𝑎 𝑏
Jadi, minor a23 = |M23| = | | = ah – bg.
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 𝑔 ℎ
𝑏 𝑐
Baris ke-3 kolom ke-1 dihilangkan, sehingga diperoleh matriks ( )
𝑒 𝑓
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(𝑑 𝑒 𝑓) 𝑏 𝑐
Jadi, minor a31 = |M31| = | | = bf – ce.
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 𝑒 𝑓
𝑎 𝑐
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 Baris ke-3 kolom ke-2 dihilangkan, sehingga diperoleh matriks (𝑑 𝑓)
(𝑑 𝑒 𝑓) 𝑎 𝑐
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 Jadi, minor a32 = |M32| = |𝑑 𝑓| = af – cd.
𝑎 𝑏
Baris ke-3 kolom ke-3 dihilangkan, sehingga diperoleh matriks ( )
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑒
(𝑑 𝑒 𝑓) 𝑎 𝑏|
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 Jadi, minor a33 = |M33| = | = ae – bd.
𝑑 𝑒
Jika minor aij atau |Mij| menyatakan minor ke-ij dari matriks A, maka kofaktor
ke-ij dari matriks A dinyatakan dengan Cij, didefinisikan sebagai berikut.
Cij = (–1)i+j∙|Mij|
2
Contoh :
1 2 3
Tentukan minor dan kofaktor dari matriks A = ( 2 3 2)
−1 2 2
Penyelesaian :
3 2
Minor M11 = | | = 3 ∙ 2 – 2 ∙ 2 = 6 – 4 = 2, kofaktor C11 = (–1)1+1 ∙ M11 = (–1)2 ∙ 2 = 1 ∙ 2 = 2
2 2
2 2
Minor M12 = | | = 2 ∙ 2 – 2 ∙ (1) = 4 – (–2) = 6, kofaktor C12 = (–1)1+2 ∙ M12 = (–1)3 ∙ 6 = –1 ∙ 6 = –6
−1 2
2 3
Minor M13 = | | = 2 ∙ 2 – 3 ∙ (–1) = 4 – (–3) = 7, kofaktor C13 = (–1)1+3 ∙ M13 = (–1)4 ∙ 7 = 1 ∙ 7 = 7
−1 2
2 3
Minor M21 = | | = 2 ∙ 2 – 3 ∙ 2 = 4 – 6 = –2, kofaktor C21 = (–1)2+1 ∙ M21 = (–1)3 ∙ (–2) = –1 ∙ (–2) = 2
2 2
1 3
Minor M22 = | | = 1 ∙ 2 – 3 ∙ (–1) = 2 – (–3) = 5, kofaktor C22 = (–1)2+2 ∙ M22 = (–1)4 ∙ 5 = 1 ∙ 5 = 5
−1 2
1 2
Minor M23 = | | = 1 ∙ 2 – 2 ∙ (–1) = 2 – (–2) = 4, kofaktor C23 = (–1)2+3 ∙ M23 = (–1)5 ∙ 4 = –1 ∙ 4 = –4
−1 2
2 3
Minor M31 = | | = 2 ∙ 2 – 3 ∙ 3 = 4 – 9 = –5, kofaktor C31 = (–1)3+1 ∙ M31 = (–1)4 ∙ (–5) = 1 ∙ (–5) = –5
3 2
1 3
Minor M32 = | | = 1 ∙ 2 – 2 ∙ 3 = 2 – 6 = –4, kofaktor C32 = (–1)3+2 ∙ M32 = (–1)5 ∙ (–4) = –1 ∙ (–4) = 4
2 2
1 2
Minor M33 = | | = 1 ∙ 3 – 2 ∙ 2 = 3 – 4 = –1, kofaktor C33 = (–1)3+3 ∙ M33 = (–1)6 ∙ (–1) = 1 ∙ (–1) = –1
2 3
3
Asah Kemampuan Diri 7
Tentukan adjoin dari matriks berikut.
−5 4
1. A = ( )
−7 6
−6 −2
2. B = ( )
5 3
1 −1 0
3. C = (0 −2 −1)
4 3 2
1 −2 −1
4. D = (0 5 0)
4 0 −2