Intervensi Kemanusiaan Dalam Studi Hubungan Internasional
Intervensi Kemanusiaan Dalam Studi Hubungan Internasional
Mohamad Rosyidin
Universitas Diponegoro
ABSTRAK
Artikel ini bermaksud memetakan isu intervensi kemanusiaan dalam konteks
teoritis. Dua perspektif utama berdiri secara diametral dalam memandang
intervensi kemanusiaan yaitu realisme dan kontruktivisme. Realisme, di satu
sisi, memandang bahwa intervensi kemanusiaan tak lebih dari instrumen
diplomasi untuk mengejar kepentingan nasional. Mengingat realisme tidak
menaruh kepercayaan terhadap prinsip-prinsip abstrak dalam memandu
kebijakan luar negeri, mereka bersikukuh bahwa intervensi kemanusiaan
murni tindakan politis. Di sisi lain, konstruktivisme memandang sebaliknya
bahwa intervensi kemanusiaan berhubungan erat dengan sifat negara yang
mematuhi peraturan dan norma internasional. Konstruktivisme percaya
bahwa terlepas dari adanya kepentingan nasional di balik tindakan negara,
intervensi kemanusiaan merupakan upaya komunitas internasional untuk
menegakkan norma kemanusiaan. Alhasil, berbeda dengan realis yang
menganggap negara adalah aktor yang mementingkan diri sendiri
konstruktivis menganggap negara adalah aktor altruis yang memiliki
kepedulian terhadap warga negara lain.
This article presents the debate between realists and constructivists over the
issue of humanitarian intervenstion focusing on its theoretical foundations.
The article seeks to fill the gap by highlighing on two contending perspectives
of International Relations; realism and constructivism. On the one side,
realists argue that humanitarian intervention is nothing but the diplomatic
instrument of foreign policy conducted to achieve the national interest. It,
however, does not have to follow in the abstract principles. Realists stress that
humanitarian intervention is political in itself. On the other side,
constructivists stand by the nature of states’ attitude to comply with
international rules and norms. They argue against the realists’ penchant to the
national interest behind foreign policy action. Humanitarian intervention is
construed as the act of states to uphold humanitarian norms in the
international community. Finally, constructivists consider the state as an
altruist actor caring about foreigners oppsing the realist view of the state’s self
help oriented policy.
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Mohamad Rosyidin
Simpulan
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Majalah