LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD)

SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR TIGA VARIABEL (SPLTV)

Satuan pendidikan : SMA Negeri 1 Indralaya Selatan

Kelas/Semester : X/ Ganjil
Identitas Kelompok
Kelompok : ...................................................
Kelas : ...................................................
Anggota Kelompok : ...................................................
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Materi Ajar : Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel (SPLTV)
Alokasi Waktu : 2 x 45 Menit (1 Pertemuan)

Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi

3.1. Mengidentifikasi permasalahan dan mengubah ke dalam variabel x, y dan z.
3.2. Memahami konsep Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel
3.3. Menyusun model matematika yang berkaitan dengan Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel dari
masalah konseptual
4.1. Menyelesaikan masalah kontekstual yang berkaitan dengan Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga
Variabel

Tujuan Pembelajaran
Melalui kegiatan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik, Diskusi dan Tanya jawab peserta
didik mampu Mengidentifikasi permasalahan dan mengubah ke dalam variabel x, y dan z,
Memahami konsep Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel, Menyusun model matematika yang
berkaitan dengan Sistem Persamaan, Menentukan penyelesaian masalah kontekstual yang berkaitan
dengan Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel dengan memiliki sikap responsif, kreatif, serta kerja
sama dengan baik dan komunikatif.

Petunjuk Belajar
1. Tulislah nama kelompok serta nama anggota kelompok kalian pada tempat yang telah disediakan.
2. Simaklah Lembar KegiatanPeserta Didik (LKPD) ini dengan seksama.
3. Diskusikan dengan teman kelompok kalian masing – masing untuk menyelesaikan
permasalahan – permasalahan yang muncul dalam LKPD ini.
4. Tuliskan masing – masing jawaban pertanyaan pada kolom yang telah disediakan.

Informasi Pendukung
Perhatikan persamaan linear :
a 1 x+ b1 y+ c 1 z=d 1 ................................(persamaan 1)
a 2 x+ b2 y+ c 2 z=d2 ................................(persamaan 2)
a 3 x +b3 y +c 3 z=d 3 ...............................(persamaan 3)
Bentuk umum sistem persamaan linear dengan tiga variabel a , b , dan c adalah

a 1 x+ b1 y+ c 1 z=d 1
a 2 x+ b2 y+ c 2 z=d2
 a 3 x +b3 y +c 3 z=d 3

Dengan a 1 , a2 , a3 , b1 ,b 2 , b3 , c 1 ,c 2 , c3 , d 1 , d2 , d 3 , x , y , dan z ∈ R dan a 1 , b1 dan c 1 tidak sekaligus

ketiganya 0 dan 2 2 a , b dan c 2 tidak sekaligus ketiganya 0 dan 3 a , b 3 dan c 3 tidak sekaligus ketiganya 0.
x , y , dan z adalah variabel
a 1 , a2 , a3 adalah koefisien variabel x
b 1 , b2 , b3 adalah koefisien variabel y
c 1 , c2 , c 3 adalah koefisien variabel z
d 1 , d 2 , d 3 adalah konstanta persamaan

Langkah-langkah Kerja
Menyelesaikan permasalahan SPLTV dengan metode Eliminasi
Masalah 1
Arni, Febri, dan Dewi bersama – sama pergi koperasi sekolah. Arni membeli 4 buku, 2 pulpen,
dan 3 pensil dengan harga Rp 26.000,00. Febri membeli 3 buku, 3 pulpen, dan 1 pensil dengan
harga Rp 21.000,00. Sedangkan Dewi membeli 3 buku, dan 1 pensil dengan harga Rp
12.000,00. Jika Masrur membeli 2 pulpen dan 3 pensil, maka jumlah uang yang harus
dibayarkan oleh masrur adalah........

Untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut kerjakan dengan langkah – langkah berikut :

1. Nyatakan Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel tersebut dalam bentuk model matematika
berikut :

Misal :
x = Harga sebuah buku
y = ……………………….
z = ……………………….
Model Matematika :
 4 buku, 2 pulpen, 3 pensil Rp 26.000

……..𝑥 + ….𝑦 + ......𝑧 = 26.000 ..................(1)

 3 buku, 3 pulpen, 1 pensil Rp 21.000

….... + 3𝑦 + …….. = 21.000…. ………(2)

 3 buku, 1 pensil Rp 12.000

…… + …..z = 12.000………..….(3)
2. Mengeliminasi variabel y pada persamaan (1) dan (2)

…. + 𝑦 + ….𝑧 = 26.000 x 3 12𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 78.000

…𝑥 + … + 𝑧 = ……… x2 ....𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 𝑧 = 42.000 –
…𝑥 + ....𝑧 = ….… (4)
3. Mengeliminasi variable x pada persamaan (4) dan (3)

….. + ….𝑧 = 36.000 x 1 ….. + ….𝑧 = 36.000

…... + .…𝑧 = 12.000 x 2 ….. + ….𝑧 = 24.000 –
…𝑧 = ………
4. Eliminasi y pada persamaan (2) dan persamaan (3)

…𝑥 + … + 𝑧 = ……….
…… + …..z = 12.000 –

… y=¿ ..................
5. Nilai z = 2.400 disubstitusikan ke persamaan (3) sehingga diperoleh :
 …… + …..z = 12.000
…… + ….. = 12.000
3 x = ..............
x = ...............

Didapatkan :
x = …………..
y = …………...
z = ……………

Jadi harga untuk 2 pulpen dan 3 pensil adalah

2 y+ 3 z =2 ( … … ….. ) +3 ( … … … … )=… … … . .

Menyelesaikan permasalahan SPLTV dengan metode Campuran

Masalah 2
Ada tiga orang siswa berbelanja ke toko. Siswa pertama membeli 1 buku, 1 pensil dan 1
panggaris membayar uang sebesar Rp. 1.800,- , siswa kedua membeli 2 buku dan 1 pensil
membayar uang sebesar Rp. 25.000,- dan siswa ketiga membeli 1 penggaris membayar uang
sebesar Rp. 3.000,-

Untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut kerjakan dengan langkah – langkah berikut :

1. Nyatakan Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel tersebut dalam bentuk model matematika
berikut :

Misal :
x = buku
y = ……………………….
z = ……………………….
Model Matematika :
 1 buku , 1 pensil , 1 penggaris Rp 18.000

…….. 𝑥 + …. 𝑦 + ...... 𝑧 = 18.000 ..................(1)

2 buku, 1 pensil Rp 25.000
….... + …… y = …. ………(2)
 1 penggaris Rp 3.000

…… z = ………..….(3)
2. Eliminasi y dari persamaan (1) dan (2)

…… + …… + ……. = 18.000
…… + ……. = …………. _

…… + ……. = ………….. (4)

3. Subtitusikan persaman (3) ke persamaan (4)

…... + ………… = ...............

-x = ..............
x = ............... (5)
4. Subtitusikan persamaan (3) dan (5) ke persamaan (1) :

.............. + ………. + ............. = ……….

.............. + y + ............. = 18000
y = 18000 - ..............
y = ................
 Soal-soal
Latihan soal 1
Ibu Ira membeli 5 kg telur, 2 kg daging, dan 1 kg udang dengan harga Rp 305.000,00. Ibu Eli membeli
3 kg telur dan 1 kg daging dan 2 kg udang dengan harga Rp 251.000,00. Ibu Shifa membeli 3 kg
daging dan 2 kg udang dengan harga Rp 360.000,00. Jika ibu Laila membeli 2 kg telur , 1 kg daging
dan 1 kg udang di tempat yang sama, berapakah ibu laila harus membayar? Kerjakan masalah
tersebut dengan metode eliminasi!

Penyelesaian :
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Latihan soal 2
Pak Imam menderita suatu penyakit. Pak Imam harus memperhitungkan jumlah makanan yang
dikonsumsi dari 3 menu yang tersedia. Satu porsi menu A berisi 1 gram lemak, 2 gram karbohidrat,
dan 3 gram protein. Satu porsi menu B berisi 2 gram lemak, 1 gram karbohidrat, dan 3 gram protein.
Adapun satu porsi menu Cberisi 2 gram lemak, 4 gram karbohidrat, dan 3 gram protein. Jumlah zat
gizi yang dianjurkan 15 gram lemak, 24 gram karbohidrat, dan 30 gram protein. Tentukan komposisi
menu A, B, dan C agar kebutuhan zat gizi Pak Imam terpenuhi. Menggunakan metode campuran!

Penyelesaian :
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Latihan soal 3
[Soal HOTS] Seorang penjual beras, mencampur tiga jenis beras. Campuran beras pertama terdiri
dari 1 kg jenis A, 2 kg jenis B, dan 3 kg jenis C dijual dengan harga Rp19.500,00. Campuran beras
kedua terdiri dari 2 kg jenis A dan 3 kg jenis B dijual dengan harga Rp19.000,00. Campuran beras
ketiga terdiri dari 1 kg jenis B dan 1 kg jenis C dijual dengan harga Rp6.250,00.
a) Susunlah sistem persamaan linear tiga variabelnya!
b) Selesaikanlah sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel tersebut!
c) Harga beras jenis mana yang paling mahal?

Penyelesaian :
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