farmakokinetka
Shargel, L., Yu, A., Wu, S. 2005. Biofarmasetika dan Farmakokinetika Terapan, Edisi kedua, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. 167 – 187.
Orde reaksi menunjukkan cara bagaimana
konsentrasi obat atau pereaksi
mempengaruhi laju suatu reaksi kimia.
Shargel, L., Yu, A., Wu, S. 2005. Biofarmasetika dan Farmakokinetika Terapan, Edisi kedua, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. 167 – 187.
ORDE SATU
Jika jumlah obat berkurang dengan laju Laju berkurangnya obat
yang sebanding dengan jumlah obat mengikuti reaksi orde nol
yang tersisa
Shargel, L., Yu, A., Wu, S. 2005. Biofarmasetika dan Farmakokinetika Terapan, Edisi kedua, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. 167 – 187.
Currie, G. (2018). Pharmacology, Part 2: Introduction to Pharmacokinetics. J. Nucl. Med. Technol, 46 (3). 221-30.
Bila jumlah obat A berkurang dengan laju yang sebanding dengan
jumlah obat A tersisa, maka laju hilangnya obat A dinyatakan sebagai :
da/dt = -k
atau
Ln Dt = -k . t + ln D0
Ka adalah tetapan laju reaksi orde satu dan dinyatakan dalam satuan waktu -1 (misal: jam-1).
Shargel, L., Yu, A., Wu, S. 2005. Biofarmasetika dan Farmakokinetika Terapan, Edisi kedua, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. 167 – 187.
Integrasi dari persamaan tersebut menghasilkan
persamaan sebagai berikut:
ln A = -Kt + ln Ao
Shargel, L., Yu, A., Wu, S. 2005. Biofarmasetika dan Farmakokinetika Terapan, Edisi kedua, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. 167 – 187.
Eliminasi orde nol menghilangkan
jumlah obat yang konstan per satuan
waktu
Currie, G. (2018). Pharmacology, Part 2: Introduction to Pharmacokinetics. J. Nucl. Med. Technol, 46 (3). 221-30.
Bila jumlah obat A berkurang dalam suatu jarak waktu yang tetap t,
dA/dt = -Ko
Shargel, L., Yu, A., Wu, S. 2005. Biofarmasetika dan Farmakokinetika Terapan, Edisi kedua, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. 167 – 187.
Integrasi persamaan sebelumnya menghasilkan
persamaan berikut :
A = -Ko.t + Ao
Ao adalah jumlah obat A pada t = 0
Shargel, L., Yu, A., Wu, S. 2005. Biofarmasetika dan Farmakokinetika Terapan, Edisi kedua, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. 167 – 187.
PERSAMAAN DALAM ORDE NOL
Shargel, L., Yu, A., Wu, S. 2005. Biofarmasetika dan Farmakokinetika Terapan, Edisi kedua, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. 167 – 187.
Jika suatu obat mempunyai t1/2 8 jam, tetapan laju orde nol 8
3840 mg = 0,5 Co
Co = 7680 mg
ORDE NOL
vs
ORDE SATU
ORDE NOL vs ORDE SATU
Pada
kertas
logaritmik
William J.S. (2014) . Concepts in clinical pharmacokinetics. Sixth edition. Bethesda, Maryland : American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. PP 21-3
ORDE NOL vs ORDE SATU
The size of the arrow represents the amount of drug eliminated over a unit of
time. Percentages are the fraction of the initial drug amount remaining in the body
William J.S. (2014) . Concepts in clinical pharmacokinetics. Sixth edition. Bethesda, Maryland : American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. PP 21-3
ORDE NOL vs ORDE SATU
William J.S. (2014) . Concepts in clinical pharmacokinetics. Sixth edition. Bethesda, Maryland : American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. PP 21-3
ORDE NOL vs ORDE SATU
ORDE NOL
ORDE SATU
"First-order kinetics... is where a constant
fraction of drug in the body is eliminated
per unit of time"
William J.S. (2014) . Concepts in clinical pharmacokinetics. Sixth edition. Bethesda, Maryland : American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. PP 21-3
Orde 0 Orde 1
Persamaan −𝑑𝐶 −𝑑𝐶
= k0 = kC
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
C = -k0t + C0 C = C0 e-kt
t1/2 Tidak konstan Konstan
0,5 𝐶 𝐼𝑛2
t1/2 = t1/2 =
𝑘0 𝑘
and
Non Liner
ORDER
Linier and Non Liner ORDER
Linier ORDER In clinical pharmacology, first order kinetics are
considered as a linear process
Shargel, L., Yu, A., Wu, S. 2005. Biofarmasetika dan Farmakokinetika Terapan, Edisi kedua, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. 167 – 187.
NON Kinetics resulting from saturable drug transfer, leading to variation of the standard
kinetic parameters with drug concentration
LINEAR Nonlinear kinetics is usually due to saturation occuring in one of the pharmacokinetic
KINETICS mechanisms: protein binding, hepatic metabolism, or active renal transport of the drug.
Saturable absorption:
Saturable elimination:
[A] [A]
All enzymes and clearance mechanisms are working
at well below their maximum capacity, and the rate of Doubling the concentration of reagents has no
drug elimination is directly proportional to drug effect on the reaction rate (elimination of the
concentration. drug)
At low concentrations, the more substrate you give the faster the reaction rate.
At high concentrations, the rate of reaction remains the same because all the
enzyme molecules are "busy", i.e. the system is saturated.