Biomolekul Protein
Elin Julianti, Tutus Gusdinar
Fungsi Protein
• Protein terdiri atas urutan asam amino yang sangat
presisi, yang memungkinkan untuk melipat membentuk
struktur 3 dimensi tertentu; disebut konformasi.
This means that bonds must be rearranged. In the transition state, the
substrate is bound close to atoms with which it is to react. Both
effects, proximity and orientation, speed up the reaction. As bonds
are broken and new bonds are formed, the substrate is transformed
into product. The product is released from the enzyme.
The Michaelis–Menten Approach
to Enzyme Kinetics
• A particularly useful model for the kinetics of
enzyme-catalyzed reactions was devised in
1913 by Leonor Michaelis and Maud
Menten.
• It is still the basic model for nonallosteric
enzymes
• The mechanism for an enzyme-catalyzed
reaction can be summarized in the form
……1
……2
Where [ES]/ t means the change in the concentration of the complex, [ES],
During a given time t, and k1 is the rate constant for the formation of the complex
……3
Enzymes are capable of processing the substrate very efficiently, and a steady
state is soon reached
……4
……5
• To solve for the concentration of the complex, ES, it is necessary to know
the concentration of the other species involved in the reaction.
• The initial concentration of substrate is a known experimental condition and
does not change significantly during the initial stages of the reaction.
• The substrate concentration is much greater than the enzyme
concentration.
• The total concentration of the enzyme, [E]T, is also known, but a large
proportion of it may be involved in the complex. The concentration of free
enzyme, [E], is the difference between [E]T, the total concentration, and
[ES], which can be written as an equation:
……6
……7
……8
KM = Michaelis Constant
……9
• In the initial stages of the reaction, so little product is present that no
reverse reaction of product to complex need be considered.
• Thus the initial rate determined in enzymatic reactions depends on the
rate of breakdown of the enzyme–substrate complex into product and
enzyme.
• In the Michaelis–Menten model, the initial rate, V, of the formation of
product depends only on the rate of the breakdown of the ES complex,
……10
……11
• If the substrate concentration is so high that the enzyme is completely
saturated with substrate ([ES] = [E]T), the reaction proceeds at its
maximum possible rate (Vmax).
• Substituting [E]T for [ES] in Equation 10
……12