@batbr Kbtb Kmrgb Dbhbsb Gmrebj

Emjnmjbc kbtb kmrgb pb`b dbhbsb Gmrebj.

Vmjnbjtbr7 ]jtuk `bpbt cmdoh emebhbeo pmjnmjbcbj dbhbsb Gmrebj, smdbokjyb kotb tmrcmdoh
`bhucu emjnmjbc eblbe-eblbe kbtb kmrgbjyb. Gokb `bpbt emjnhbpbckbj `bj emcbabckbjjyb,
ebkb kotb bkbj `mjnbj eu`bh dmrdolbrb/dmrkieujokbso `bcbe dbhssb Gmrebj tmrsmdut.
\mcbebt emedblb!

@BAPBT KBPB KMTGB K]BP

(@MT \PBTKM QMTDMJ)

 Ji. Ojaojotov --- Vràsmjs --- Vràtmrotue --- Brto

(wor, \om, som) --- (mr, som, ms) --- (olh, mr, som, ms) ---
2 drblhmj --- drblht --- drblh ---------------- emebtbhkbj
4 hbdmj --- hbt --- hbttm ----------------- emepujybo, tmcbh
< bjabjnmj --- aàjnt. Bj --- aojn. bj -------------- emeucbo
0 abjnmj --- aàjnt --- aojn ------------------ emjbjnkbp
= hbjnmj --- hàjnt --- hojn ------------------ emjnnbjtujn
1 mjthbctmj --- mjthàct --- mjthomct ------------- dmroso
> abccmj --- aàcct --- aomc ------------------ gbtuh, nunur 
8 nmabccmj --- nmaàcct --- nmaomc --- emjymjbjnkbj
? cbssmj --- càδ --- comδ --- emjyuruh, emedobrkbj
26 rbtmj --- rbtmt --- romt --- emjmdbk 
22 slhcbamj --- slhcàat --- slhcoma --- to`ur 
24 vmrrbtmj --- vmrràt --- vmrromt --- emjujgukkbj
2< bdabhrmj --- aàhrt.. .bd --- auhr…bd --- dmrbjnkbt
20 bdacomnmj --- acomnt...bd --- acin..bd --- dmrbjnkbt tmrdbjn
2= bdwbslhmj --- wàslht. ..bd --- wuslh. .bd - - emjlulo
21 dblkmj --- dblkt --- duk --- emedbkbr 
2> mojcb`mj --- cà`t. moj --- cu`...moj --- emjnuj`bjn
28 abhrmj --- aàhrt --- auhr --- pmrno dmrkmj`brbbj
2? nrbdmj --- nrbdt --- nrud --- emjnnbco
46 cb`mj --- cb`mt --- cu` --- emeubt
42 cbuamj --- càuat --- coma --- obro
44 slhcbnmj --- slhcànt --- slhcun --- emeukuc
4< trbnmj --- trànt --- trun --- emedbwb, emeoko
40 wblhsmj --- wblhst --- wulhs --- tueduh
4= wbslhmj --- wàslht --- wuslh --- emjlulo
41 hbctmj --- hàct --- homct --- emjbhbj
4> nmslhmhmj --- nmslhmht --- nmslhbh --- tmrgb`o
48 buanmdmj --- nodt. .bua --- nbd. .bua --- emedmrotbhukbj
4? busnmdmj --- nodt. .bus --- nbd. .bus --- emjnmcubrkbj
<6 bussprmlhmj --- sprolht….bus --- sprblh….bus --- dmrdolbrb
<2 dmjmhemj --- dmjoeet --- dmjbhe --- dmrtojnkbh cbku
<4 dmsprmlhmj --- dmsprolht --- dmsprblh --- emedolbrbkbj
<< drmlhmj --- drmlht --- drblh --- ememlbhkbj
<0 `mjkmj --- `mjkt --- `blhtm --- dmraokor 
<= mojtrmtmj --- trott…moj --- trbt…moj --- ebsuk 
<1 mssmj --- oδt --- bδ --- ebkbj
<> nmdmj --- nodt --- nbd --- emedmro
<8 nmctmj --- nmctmt --- nbct --- dmrcbku
<? hmcamj --- hocat --- hbca --- emedbjtu
06 kmjjmj --- kmjjt --- kbjjtm --- emjnmjbc
02 cmsmj --- comst --- cbδ --- emedblb
04 emssmj --- emsst --- ebδ --- emjnukur 
0< jblhrmjjmj --- rmjjt..jblh --- rbjjtm. .jblh - - emjnmgbr 
00 jmhemj --- joeet --- jbhe --- emjnbedoc
0= jmjjmj --- jmjjt --- jbjjtm --- emjbebkbj, emjymdut
01 rmjjmj --- rmjjt --- rbjjtm --- hugbj
0> smhmj --- somht --- sbh --- emcohbt
08 sprmlhmj --- sprolht --- sprblh --- dmrdolbrb
0? stmhmj --- stmht --- stbj` --- dmr`oro
=6 trmamj --- troaat --- trba - - dmrguepb
=2 vmrnmssmj --- vmrnoδt --- vmrnbδ --- cupb
=4 vmrsprmlhmj --- vmrsprolht --- vmrsprblh --- dmrgbjgo
=< vmrstmhmj --- vmrstmht --- vmrstbj` --- emjnmrto, pbhbe
=0 wmramj --- wmrat --- wbra --- emcmepbr 
== nmhmj --- nmht --- nojn --- pmrno
=1 busnmhmj --- nmht. .bus --- nojn. .bus - - pmrno km cubr 
=> nrmoamj --- nrmoat --- nroaa --- emrboh
=8 hojnmhmj --- nmht..hoj --- nojn..hoj --- pmrno,emjojnnbckbj
=? acomhmj --- acomht --- acih --- emjnhoj`bro
16 hmdmj --- hmdt --- hid --- emjnbjnkbt
12 slhemczmj --- slhemczt --- slheicz --- emjlbor 
14 smoj --- ost --- wbs --- b`b. b`bcbh
1< ncmolhmj --- ncmolht --- ncolh --- emjymrupbo

0 c ` c ` mt - co tt emj ` m r ot b
1 = rmo δmj - rmo δ t - -- r o δ e y i dm k  
11 slhjmo`mj --- slhjmo`mt --- slhjott --- emeitijn, emjnoros
1> bdslhrmodmj --- slhrmodt. .bd --- slhromd..bd --- emjybcoj
18 buaslhrmodmj --- slhrmodt..bua --- slhromd..bua --- emjucoskbj
1? dcmodmj --- dcmodt --- dcomd --- tojnnbc
>6 mjtslhmo`mj --- mjtslhmo`mt --- mjtslhom` --- emjmjtukbj
>2 hmoδmj --- hmoδt --- homδ --- dmrjbeb
>4 cmohmj --- cmoht --- comh --- emeojgbe
>< slhmo`mj --- slhmo`mt --- slhom` --- emeosbh
>0 slhmojmj --- slhmojt --- slhomj --- dmrsojbr 
>= slhrmodmj --- slhrmodmj --- slhromd --- emjucos
>1 slhrmomj --- slhrmomj --- slhrom --- dmrtmrobk 
>> slhwmonmj --- slhwmonmj --- slhwomn --- `obe tbk dolbrb
>8 uestmonmj --- stmont. .ue --- stomn..ue --- dmrpoj`bh
>? vmrzmohmj --- vmrzmoht --- vmrzomh --- eojtb ebba 
86 wmosmj --- wmost --- woms --- emjujguk 
82 nmcojnmj --- nmcojnt --- nmcbjn --- dmrhbsoc
84 dmnojjmj --- dmnojjt --- dmnbjj --- emeucbo
8< dottmj --- dottmt --- dbt --- emeojtb, emeihij
80 drojnmj --- drojnt --- drblhtm --- emedbwb
8= `rojnmj --- `rojnt --- `rbjn --- emj`msbk 
81 aoj`mj --- aoj`mt --- abj` --- dmrpmj`bpbt, emjmeukbj
8> nmwojjmj --- nmwojjt --- nmwbjj --- emjbjn
88 kcojnmj --- kcojnt --- kcbjn --- dmrdujyo
8? eotdrojnmj --- drojnt..eot --- drblhtm..eot --- emedbwb smrtb
?6 rojnmj --- rojnmt --- rbjn --- dmrnucbt
?2 slhwoeemj --- slhwoeet --- slhwbee --- dmrmjbjn
?4 slhwoj`mj --- slhwoj`mt --- slhwbj` --- emjmcbj
?< sojnmj --- sojnt --- sbjn --- emjybjyo
?0 sojkmj --- sojkt --- sbjk --- tmjnnmcbe
?= sotzmj --- sotzt --- sbδ --- `u`uk 
?1 sprojnmj --- sprojnt --- sprbjn --- emcijlbt
?> trojkmj --- trojkt --- trbjk --- eojue
?8 vmrdoj`mj --- vmrdoj`mt --- vmrdbj` --- emjnhudujnkbj
?? rolhmj --- rolht --- rilh --- emjloue dbu
266 wossmj --- wmoδ --- wuδtm --- emjnmtbhuo
262 comnmj --- comnt --- cbn --- tmrcmtbk 
264 bjdomtmj --- domtmt. . .bj --- dit. bj - - emjbwbrkbj
26< bjzomhmj --- zomht..bj --- zin...bj --- emjnmjbkbj pbk.
260 domnmj --- domnt --- din --- emedujnkuk 
26= domtmj --- domtt --- dit --- emjbwbr 
261 mrslhoomδmj --- mrslhoomδt --- mrslhciδ --- emedukb
26> acomnmj --- acomnt --- acin --- tmrdbjn
268 acomδmj --- acomδt --- aciδ --- emjnbcor 
26? aromrmj --- aromrt --- arir --- emedmku

2226 nomjδomδj m-j-- - n--o mnδmtj -o-m-δ nt i--δ- -n-m- jeimδj u-b- jenmjokebto
224 slhomdmj --- slhomdt --- slhid --- emjnnmsmr 
22< slhomδmj --- slhomδt --- slhiδ --- emjmedbk 
220 slhcomδmj --- slhcomδt --- slhciδ --- emjutup
22= vmrdomtmj --- vmrdomtmt --- vmrdit --- emcbrbjn
221 vmrcomrmj --- vmrcomrt --- vmrcir --- kmhocbjnbj
22> zomhmj --- zomht --- zin --- emjbrok 
228 dmkieemj --- dmkieet --- dmkbe --- emj`bpbt
22? kieemj --- kieet --- kbe --- `btbjn
246 slhciδmj --- slhciδt --- slhciδ --- emjnujlo, emjutup
242 eñnmj --- ebn --- eilhtm --- ojnoj
244 wiccmj --- wocc --- wicctm --- hmj`bk, bkbj, ojnoj
24< tuj --- tut --- tbt- - -dmrdubt
240 ruamj --- ruat --- roma --- emebjnnoc
24= cunmj --- cunt --- cin --- dmr`ustb
241 `óramj --- `brat --- `uratm --- dicmh

@BAPBT KBPB KMTGB CMEBH

(@MT \LH^BLHM QMTDMJ)

 Ji. Ojaojotov --- Vràsmjs --- Vràtmrotue --- Brto

(wor, \om, som) --- (mr, som, ms) --- (olh, mr, som, ms) ---
2 bdhicmj --- bdhict --- hictm bd --- emjgmeput
4 bdhñrmj --- bdhñrt --- hürtm bd --- emj`mjnbrkbj
< bjtwirtmj --- bjtwirtmt --- bjtwirtmtm --- emjgbwbd
0 btemj --- btemt --- btemtm --- dmrjbabs
= buahürmj --- buahürt --- hñrtm bua --- dmrhmjto
1 buapbssmj --- buapbsst --- pbδtm bua --- dmrhbto-hbto
> buaræuemj --- buaræuet --- ràuetm bua --- emedmrmskbj
8 busbtemj --- btemt... bus --- btemtm bus --- emcmpbs jbabs
? db`mj --- db`mt --- db`mtm --- ebj`o
26 dbumj --- dbumt --- dbutm --- emedbjnuj
22 dmbrdmotmj --- dmbrdmotmt --- dmbrdmotmtm --- emjnmrgbkbj
24 dm`mlkmj --- dm`mlkt --- dm`mlktm --- emjutup
2< dm`mutmj --- dm`mutmt --- dm`mutmtm --- dmrbrto
20 dmnmnjmj --- dmnmnjmt --- dmnmnjmtm --- dmrguepb
2= dmnruδmj --- dmnruδt --- dmnróδtm --- emjybedut
21 dmsolhtonmj --- dmsolhtont --- dmsolhtontm --- emcohbt-cohbt
2> dmsulhmj --- dmsulht --- dmsulhtm --- emjnujgujno
28 doc`mj --- doc`mt --- doc`mtm --- emedmjtuk 
2? dcotzmj --- dcotzt --- dcotztm --- dmrkocbt
46 drbulhmj --- drbulht --- drbulhtm --- ememrcukbj
42 `bjkmj --- `bjkt --- `bjktm --- dmrtmroeb kbsoh
44 `bumrj --- `bumrt --- `iumrtm --- dmrcbjnsujn

< ml k j - ` ml k t - - - ` m l
40 `i j jm rj - - ` i j j m r t -- -
k tm -- - e m j u tu p
` i j j m r t m - -- d m rnuruh 4= hicmj
--- hict --- hictm --------------- emjnbedoc
41 mojbtemj --- btemt .. moj --- btemtm moj --- dmrjbabs
4> mojkbuamj --- mojkbuat --- kbuatm moj --- dmrdmcbjgb
48 mojpblkmj --- mojpblkt --- pblktm moj --- emjnmpbk 
4? mrkcàrmj --- mrkcàrt --- mrkcàrtm --- emjmrbjnkbj
<6 mrjtmj --- mrjtmt --- mrjtmtm --- emeucbo
<2 mrzàhomj --- mrzàhot --- mrzàhctm --- dmrlmrotb
<4 abssmj --- abst --- abδtm --- ememnbjn
<< aoslhmj --- aoslht --- aoslhtm --- emjnboc
<0 acóstmrj --- acóstmrt --- acóstmrtm --- dmrdosok 
<= aicnmj --- aicnt --- aicntm --- emjnokuto
<1 arbnmj --- arbnt --- arbntm --- dmrtbjyb
<> aóhcmj --- aóhct --- aóhctm --- emrbdb. emrbsb
<8 nmhñrmj --- nmhñrt --- nmhñrtm --- tmrebsuk 
<? nrbtucomrmj --- nrbtucomrt --- nrbtucomrtm - - emedmro smcbebt
06 hicmj --- hict --- hictm --- emjnbedoc
02 hñrmj --- hñrt --- hñrtm --- emj`mjnbr 
04 ojtmrmssomrmj --- ojtmrmssomrt --- ojtmrmssomrtm --- emjbrok pmrhbtobj
0< gbnmj --- gbnt --- gbntm --- dmrduru
00 kbutmj --- kbutt --- kbuatm --- emedmco
0= kcmttmrj --- kcmttmrt --- kcmttmrtm --- jbok. emebjgbt
01 kilhmj --- kilht --- kilhtm --- emjbjbk 
0> càlhmj --- càlht --- càlhtm --- tmrtbwb
08 cbj`mj --- cbj`mt --- cbj`mtm --- emj`brbt
0? omdmj --- cmdt --- cmdtm --- ho`up
=6 cmnmj --- cmnt --- cmntm --- emcmtbkkbj
=2 cmrjmj --- cmrjmt --- cmrjtm --- dmcbgbr 
=4 comamrj --- comamrt --- comamrtm --- emjnhbsockbj
=< cñslhmj --- cñslht --- cñslhtm --- emeb`bekbj
=0 ebcmj --- ebcmt --- ebctm --- emcukos
== ebrslhomrmj --- ebrslhomrt --- ebrslhomrtm - - dmrdbros
=1 ñaajmj --- ñaajmt --- ñatjmtm --- emedukb
=> pacólkmj --- pacólkt --- pacólktm --- ememtok 

kmtmrbjnbj7
Vb`b dmjtuk kbcoebt Vràsmjs, dmdmrbpb kbtb kmrgb cmebh ybjn stbeejyb dmrbkhorbj `, t, c, e, j
ujtuk `u `odmro bkhorbj -mst, `bj ybjn cbojjyb -st, sm`bjnkbj ujtuk mr,, som,, ms, ohr dmrbkhorbj
“ 
mt, `bj ybjn cbojjyb “t sbgb.

Dmdmrbpb kmtmrbjnbj wbktu ujtuk emjyusuj kbcoebt

smkbrbjn 5 gmtzt -------------------------------`ub hbro ybjn cbcu 5 Qir zwmo Pbnmj

hbro ojo 5 hmutm --------------------------------`ub hbro ybjn bkbj `btbjn 5 4 Pbnm zu kieemj

s b t oj o 5 h m u t m - - c u s b 5 ó d mr e irnmj
  d r u s bj 5 k ó r z c o l h ------ ` o s o j o 5 h om r 
tb`o 5 cmtztm `o sbjb 5 `b
tb`o pbno 5 hmutm Eirnmj --------------------`o `mpbj 5 `bvir 
eojnnu tb`o 5 cmtztm ^ilhm ------------------`o dmcbkbjn 5 hojtmr 
 ducbj cbcu 5 cmtztmj Eijbt -------------------`o sbepojn 5 zusàtzcolh zu
tbhuj cbcu 5 cmtztms Gbhr ----------------------`o soso 5 jmdmj
jbjto 5 spàtmr ---------------------------------`o btbs 5 bua 
 dmrokutjyb 5 jàlhstm --------------------------`o dbwbh 5 ujtmr 
smcbjgutjyb 5 wmotmr --------------------------`o tmjnbh 5 eottmj
kmebroj 5 nmstmrj ----------------------------`ub hbro ybjn cbcu 5 Qir zwmo Pbnmj
 dmsik 5 eirnmj ------------------------------`ub hbro ybjn bkbj `btbjn 5 4 Pbnm zu kieemj
cusb 5 ódmreirnmj
 Vicb Kbcoebt7
Vmrhbtokbj cmtbk smtobp dbnobj kbcoebt dmrokut (\udgmk, prm`okbt, idgmk/kmtmrbjnbj).

b. Olh nmhm jblh `mr

\lhucm. (5\byb pmrno km
smkicbh).
 d. Nmhm olh jblh `mr \lhucm.
(5Vmrnocbh sbyb km smkicbh).
l. Gmtzt, nmhm olh jblh `mr \lhucm.
(5\mkbrbjn, sbyb pmrno km smkicbh).
`. Olh nmhm jblh `mr \lhucm eot emojme Armuj`,.
(5\byb pmrno km smkicbh `mjnbj tmebj sbyb).
m. Eot emojme Armuj`, nmhm olh jblh `mr \lhucm.
(5@mjnbj tmebj sbyb, sbyb pmrno km smkicbh).

BP]TBJ VMJNN]JBBJ KBPB KMTGB

\mtobp kbtb kmrgb pb`b dbhbsb Gmrebj smcbcu dmrbkhorbj -mj (pb`b smguecbh kbtb cbojjyb -j). @o
`bcbe kbeus, dbhbsb Gmrebj, smtobp kbtb kmrgb dobsbjyb `otucoskbj pb`b dmjtuk ojaojotov-jyb,
ybotu ybjn dmrbkhorbj “mj/-j tb`o.

Gokb bkbj `onujbkbj icmh kbtb nbjto irbjn tmrtmjtu (olh, `u, mr, som, ms, ohr), kbtb kmrgb tmrsmdut
hbrus `okijgunbsokbj, ybotu `odubt \tbee (`bsbr kbtb kmrgb), ybotu kbtb kmrgb ybjn to`bk
 dmrbkhorbj “mj/-j. Kmeu`obj `odmro bkhorbj tmrtmjtu smdbnbo dmrokut.

Kbcoebt dmjtuk Vràsmjs

Vb`b kbtb kmrgb cmebh7 Vb`b kbtb kmrgb kubt7
Pbedbhkbj bkhorbj dmrokut ojo pb`b \tbee (`bsbr kbtb kmrgbjyb) ebsojn-
ebsojn7
Kbtb Gokb hurua tmrbkhor pb`b \tbee Kbtb Gokb hurua tmrbkhor pb`b \tbee
Nbjto `, t,  -- s, δ  hurua cboj  Nbjto `, t ----s, δ ---hurua --Dmrudbh *
Irbjn e, j  slh, z  --- Irbjn --- slh, z ---cboj --- dujyo

Ol h m m O lh h m m m
@ u ms t t st @ u mst t st st
Mr mt ------ t----------t Mr mt ------- t ------ t--------t
\om mt ------- t---------t \om mt ------- t ------ t--------t
Ms mt ------- t--------t Ms mt ------- t ------ t--------t
Ohr mt ------- t---------t Ohr mt ------- t ------ t----------t/mt ++
^or mj/j --- mj/j ------ mj/j ^or mj/j --- mj/j --- mj/j --- mj/j
\om mj/j --- mj/j ------ mj/j \om mj/j --- mj/j --- mj/j --- mj/j
\om mj/j --- mj/j ------ mj/j \om mj/j --- mj/j --- mj/j --- mj/j

*** Vb`b kbtb kmrgb kubt tmr`bpbt smguecbh \tbee `bro kbtb kmrgb kubt ybjn dmrudbh dujyo,
smhojnnb dmjtuk \tbee-jyb emjgb`o 4 (`ub) eblbe. \tbee ybjn dmrudbh dujyo ojo hbjyb
 dicmh `onujbkbj icmh @u, Mr, \om, Ms (Irbjn km-4 `bj km-< tujnnbc) sbgb. ++ ]jtuk Ohr, gokb
\tbee dmrbkhorbj `/t, ebkb `otbedbh - mt.

Kbcoebt dmjtuk Vràtmrotue7

Vb`b kbtb kmrgb cmebh7 Vb`b kbtb kmrgb kubt7
Kbtb  Gokb hurua tmrbkhor pb`b \tbee Kbtb Gokb hurua tmrbkhor pb`b
\tbee Nbjto ---- `, t -----s, δ ------------------------Nbjto --`, t---s, slh-----Hurua
cbojjyb----
Irbjn  e, j --- slh, z--- hurua cboj ---------Irbjn ------- z, δ ----------------------
Olh --------mtm ----- tm -------- tm------------- Olh - --- - - --- (Pbjpb bkhorbj)
@u mtmst tmst tmst @u mst
mst st Mr mtm tm tm Mr
(Pbjpb bkhorbj)
\om --------mtm ----- tm -------- tm ------------- \om - --- - - --- (Pbjpb bkhorbj)
Ms mtm tm tm Ms (Pbjpb
bkhorbj) Ohr mtm tmt tmt Ohr mt
t t
^or mtmj tmj tmj ^or mj/j mj/j mj/j
\om mtmj tmj tmj \om mj/j mj/j mj/j
\om mtmj tmj tmj \om mj/j mj/j mj/j
 Tuepuj dbhbsb Gmrebjok 
@bro ^okopm`ob dbhbsb Oj`ijmsob, mjsokcipm`ob dmdbs

Gmrebjok
]tbebjyb `o Mripb utbrb, dbrbt, `bj

@ostroduso
nminrbas7 , & ),
, `bj

 
7

Gmrebjok

Dbhbsb priti7

Vmedbnobj7
 (pujbh)


O\I 1<?-=7 nme

7=4- (phycizijm)

Jmnbrb-jmnbrb `mjnbj ebyirotbs pmj`u`ukjyb

emjnnujbkbj dbhbsb Gmrebjok smdbnbo

  Jmnbrb-jmnbrb ybjn emjmtbpkbj dbhbsb Gmrebjok

smdbnbo sbcbh sbtu dbhbsb rmseo, tbpo dukbj ybjn utbeb

Pipok Oj`i-Mripb

Bcdbjob • Bjbticob • Bremjob

 Dbctik • Kmctik • @bsobZ • Gmrebjok
 •  •  • Z
 • Z •

Z dmcue `okbtmnirokbj

 •  •  •  •
 •  •  •  •
 •

 •  •
 

 •  •  •
 

Tuepuj dbhbsb Gmrebjok  b`bcbh kmciepik dbhbsb ybjn emjgb`o sudruepuj dbhbsb Oj`i-
Mripb. Kmciepik ojo pmjymdbrbjjyb sbjnbt cubs `o smcuruh `ujob, tmrutbeb smtmcbh mrb
 pmjgmcbgbhbj dbjnsb-dbjnsb Mripb pb`b bdb` km-2= `bj km-21, `ocbjgutkbj `mjnbj picotok
oepmrobcosem pb`b bdb` km-2?. Jbeuj `meokbj, smdmcue mrb otu puj dbhbsb-dbhbsb Gmrebjok
tmcbh emjymdbr cubs `o kbwbsbj Mripb Pmjnbh, ]tbrb, `bj Dbrbt.

Dmrdbnbo dbhbsb Gmrebjok ei`mrj `opmrkorbkbj eujluc `bro sbtu dbhbsb purdb dmrsbeb
( dbhbsb Vpriti-Gmrebjok) . Dbhbsb purdb ojo `opmrkorbkbj `opmrtuturkbj `o `bmrbh
\kbj`ojbvob smcbtbj, `o smkotbr @mjebrk btbu dbnobj smcbtbj Jirwmnob.

Dbhbsb Ojnnros b`bcbh dbhbsb utbeb `ujob ybjn emrupbkbj bjnnitb kmciepik ojo. Hbepor
smcuruh pmjguru `ujob emjnmjbc dbhbsb ojo kbrmjb pmrbjjyb ybjn utbeb smdbnbo dbhbsb
kieujokbso bjtbrdbjnsb. \mcboj `o Drotbjob Tbyb, dbhbsb Ojnnros (`bj dmrdbnbo `obcmk smrtb
 dbhbsb krmic turujbjjyb) `otuturkbj smdbnbo dbhbsb odu `o Kbjb`b, Bemrokb \mrokbt, Nuybjb
Ojnnros, Gbebokb `bj dmdmrbpb tmepbt `o Kbrodob, Barokb \mcbtbj, Bustrbcob, \mcbj`ob Dbru, smrtb
 dmdmrbpb jmnbrb `o Ismbjob. \meub dbhbsb jbsoijbc `o \kbj`ojbvob, kmlubco dbhbsb Aojcbj`ob,
b`bcbh dbhbsb Gmrebjok. Dbhbsb Gmrebj `bj dbhbsb Dmcbj`b gunb emrupbkbj dbhbsb Gmrebjok.
Dmdmrbpb dbhbsb cbojjyb ybjn to`bk emjgb`o dbhbsb jbsoijbc b`bcbh dbhbsb Arosob, dbhbsb
Barokbbjs (`otuturkbj `o Barokb \mcbtbj), smrtb dbhbsb _o``osh (`otuturkbj `o kbcbjnbj
ebsybrbkbt _bhu`o Mripb Poeur).

@batbr oso

Vmedbnobj dbhbsb-dbhbsb Gmrebjok 

 Kmciepik dbhbsb Gmrebjok ]tbrb

iDbrbt



i Poeur
 Dbhbsb Jirwmnob


 Kmciepik dbhbsb Gmrebjok Dbrbt

i Dbhbsb-dbhbsb Gmrebj
 Dbhbsb Gmrebj Hocor (dbhbsb Gmrebj7 Jom`mr`mutslh, dbhbsb Dmcbj`b7
Jm`mr`uots).
 Dbhbsb Dmcbj`b
 Dbhbsb Barokbbjs
 Dbhbsb \bksmj Hocor (Vcb`mutslh)
 Dbhbsb Gmrebj Hucu (dbhbsb Gmrebj7 Hilh`mutslh, dbhbsb Dmcbj`b7 Hiin`uots).
 Dbhbsb Gmrebj (dmrdbnbo `obcmk, tmrebsuk dbhbsb Gmrebj dbku btbu
Hilh`mutslh; `obcmk Bcmebjob kb`bjn-kb`bjn `objnnbp dbhbsb

t m r s m j ` or o )
 D b h b s b _ o ` `osh
i Dbhbsb-dbhbsb Bjnci-Arosob
 Dbhbsb Ojnnros
 Dbhbsb \kit (dukbj dbhbsb Nbmcok \kitcbj`ob ebupuj dbhbsb Ojnnros
\kitcbj`ob)
 Dbhbsb Arosob

 Kmciepik dbhbsb Gmrebjok Poeur (su`bh pujbh)

i Dbhbsb Nitik (pujbh pb`b tbhuj 2866-
bj) i Dbhbsb Nitik Kroe
i Dbhbsb Durnuj`ob
i Dbhbsb Qbj`b c
Pbdmc pmrdbj`ojnbj

@bcbe tbdmc ojo pmrdm`bbj bjtbrb dbhbsb-dbhbsb Gmrebjok `ogbgbrkbj sbtu sbeb cboj.

Dmdmrbpb kbtb-kbtb `o dbwbh ojo su`bh dmrnmsmr brtojyb smlbrb smebjtos. Eosbckbj kbtb 'stmrdmj'
("emjojnnbc") `bcbe dbhbsb Gmrebj `bj 'ti stbrvm' `bcbe dbhbsb Ojnnros ("cbpbr sbepbo ebu
ebto") ybjn smlbrb smebjtos su`bh dmrdm`b.

Dbhbs Dbhbsb Dbhbsb Dbhbsb Dbhbsb Dbhbsb

Dbhbsb Dbhbsb Dbhbsb Dbhbsb Dbhbsb
arokbbj @mjebr Dmcbj` Os c bj ` o \
Abmrimr Gmrebj Nitik \wm`ob _o``osh
k b kitcbj`o b b

Bpmc Bppcm Bppmc Ádcm \÷rmpco Bppmc Bpamc Bpcus Mpco Bopcm Àppcm Mpc

Vbpbj Dibr` Dir` Drát Dirö Dir` Drmtt db÷r` dirö Duor` Drà`m

Duku Diik Dimk Din Dük Dimk Dulh Dükb Dük Dmuk Dik Dukh

@b`b Drmbst Dirs Dryst Drüst Dirst Drust Drusts drgüst Drmmst Drñst Drust

Likcbt Driwj Druoj Druj Dr÷jt Druoj Drbuj Drujs Dr÷jj Driuj Druj
Hbro @by @bn @bn @bnur @bn Pbn @bns @bn @by @bn Pin

\tmrvm
Ebti @om \tmra @ø @iynngb \tmrdmj @owbj `mygb @mm @ñ
j

Mjiun Jüneoko Nmjim Nb-

Lukup Nmjimn Jik Nmjun Jün Mjmulh Jin Nmjun
h ö n jühs

Dmro Novm Nmm Novm Nmvb Nmvmj Nmdmj Nodbj Nmab Nom Novb Nmdmj

Kblb/Nmcb
Ncbss Ncbs Ncbs Ncbs Ncbs Ncbs Ncbs Ncmss Ncbs Nciz
s
Mebs Nic` Niu` Nuc` Nucc Niu` Nic` Nucú Nucc Niw` Nuc`

Hbj`u
Pbjnbj Hbj` Hbj` Híj` Hij` Hbj` Hbj` Hñj` Hbuj` Hbj` Hbjt
s

Hbupt/Ki
Kmpbcb Hmb` Kip Hivm` Høvur Hâudoú hñauö Hmo` Huvu` Kip
Hiia` pa 

Pojnno Honh Hiin Høg Hønur Hiin Hilh Hâuh Hâr Hmolh Hñn Hiykh

Hâoeü
Tuebh Hiem Hmoe Hgme Hmoe Phuos Hmoe Hmoe Hbem Hme Hmye
ú
 Kbot Hiik Hbbk H÷kur Hbbk Hbkmj Krükur Hmuk Hbkb

Tuebh Hiusm Huos Hus H÷s Huos Hbus H÷s H÷s Hiism Hus Hiyz

Ebjbn
Dbjybk Ebjy Emjonm Ebjnm Ebjnt Emjon Qomc eokoö Eijy Eíjnb
s

Ducbj Eiij Ebbj Eíjm Eâjo Ebbj Eij` Eïjb Pujnc Euoj Eíjm Cmvijm
Ebcbe Jonht Jbn Jbt Jâtt Jblht Jblht Jbhts Jütt Jolht Jbtt Jbkht

Po`bk Ji Jmm Jmg Jmo Jmm Jmoj/Jñ Jï Jmotb Jbm Jmg Jmyj

Nbeeb
Pub Ic` Iu` Nbeemc Nbebc Iu` Bct \ojmons Nbebcc Buc` Bct
c
\btu Ijm Mmj Mj Moj Mmj Mojs Âojs Mott Bjm Mj Myj

Ijs Iujlm Ijs Ijs ]jzm ×jsb ]jlm ]js

\jgünvur \jmmu
\bcgu \jiw \jmmu \jm , Kbvo w \lhjmm \jâows \jgür \jbw \jñ \lhjmy

Dbtu \tijm \tmmj \tmj \tmojur \tmmj \tmoj \tâojs \tmojj \tbjm \tmj

@is
OtuPsvmy Qmr
Phbt @bt @mt Pbö @bt @bs Úbtb Úmttb Phbt @mt

@ube
^irm Pwi Pwmm Pi Pvmy Pwmm Wwmo Pwâo Pvmor Pwb Pví

\obpb ^hi ^om Hvme Hvør ^om ^mr Hbs Hvmr ^hb Qme
\tbtus sbbt ojo
Tuepuj dbhbsb Gmrebjok dmr`bsbrkbj guecbh pmjutur bsco (gutb)
Lblojn ^ire ^ure Ire Ireur ^ire ^ure Ebúb ireur ^ore Ebsk
Dbhbsb Vmjutur b sco Tm.

[4U
Ojnnros <16-066

[<U
Gmrebj (@mutslh) ?=

[0U
Dmcbj`b (Jm`mrcbj`s) 4<

[=U
\wm`ob (\vmjskb) ?.4

Brokbbjs ( Barokbbjs) >.4 [1U

\bksmj Hocor (Vcb/  Jm``mrsbsslh/Cmmnsbksoms) 1.=

,[>U[8U
 @mjebrk (@bjsk) 
=.= [?U

U
Jirwmnob (Jirsk)  =

_o``osh (   ‫ ל‬  ) 4.= U

[24U
\kit (\lits) 2.=
U
Coedurn (Cèedurns) 2.<

U
Arosob (Arysk/  Jiir`armmsk/  \mmctmrsk)  6.=

[2=U
Oscbj (Åscmjskb) 6.<

U
Cuksmedurn (Cëtzmdumrnmslh) 6.<

 (Aøriyskt)  6.61 U

[28U
Pitbc smkotbr =66

Dbhbsb Ojnnros b`bcbh sbcbh sbtu dbhbsb rmseo `o Dmcozm, KLbjb`b, Kmpucbubj Abckcbj`, Ebctb,
\mcbj`ob Dbru, Orcbj`ob, Barokb \mcbtbj, Aocopojb, Vumrti Toki, Nube, `bj dmkbs kicijo-kicijo
Drotbjob `o Bsob, Barokb, `bj Ismbjob. Dbhbsb Ojnnros gunb emjgb`o dbhbsb `m ablti `o Drotbjob
Tbyb, Bemrokb \mrokbt, `bj Bustrbcob.

Dbhbsb Gmrebj emjgb`o sbcbh sbtu dbhbsb rmseo `o Bustrob, Dmcnob, Gmrebj, Comlhtmjstmoj,
Cuksmedurn, `bj \wos, smrtb emeocoko stbtus rmnoijbc `o Otbcob, Vicbj`ob, Jbeodob, `bj @mjebrk.
Emskopuj Gmrebj pmrjbh emeocoko dmdmrbpb kicijo, kicijo-kicijo tmrsmdut cmpbs smtmcbh Vmrbjn
@ujob O `bj dbhbsb Gmrebj to`bk cbno emjgb`o dbhbsb rmseo `o `bmrbh-`bmrbh kicijo tmrsmdut.
Hbjyb `o Jbeodob, dbhbsb Gmrebj ebsoh `opmrcukbj ybjn `onujbkbj icmh irbjn-irbjn
 dmrpmj`u`ukbj `bj `bcbe pmr`bnbjnbj. Dbhbsb Gmrebj ebsoh `onujbkbj smdbnbo dbhbsb
eojirotbs icmh ebsybrbkbt oeonrbj `o Bemrokb ]tbrb `bj \mcbtbj smrtb Bustrbcob. \bcbh sbtu
`obcmk dbhbsb Gmrebj, Gmrebj Vmjjsycvbjob, ebsoh `onujbkbj icmh pmj`u`uk Bjbdbptost `o
Vmjjsycvbjob, Bemrokb \mrokbt.

Dbhbsb Dmcbj`b b`bcbh dbhbsb rmseo `o Brudb, Dmcnob, Lurbîbi, Dmcbj`b, \ojt Ebbrtmj, `bj
\urojbem.[0U Emskopuj Dmcbj`b pmrjbh emjgbgbh Oj`ijmsob, dbhbsb Dmcbj`b to`bk
`onujbkbj smdbnbo dbhbsb rmseo smtmcbh Oj`ijmsob emr`mkb.

Tmamrmjso

2. Z Jir`hi, \mdbstibj; Hbeebrstrñe, Hbrbc`; Airkmc, Tidmrt; Hbspmcebth, Ebrtij, m`.

(462<). . . Cmopzon7 Ebx Vcbjlk Ojstitutm air Mvicutiijbry Bjthripiciny.
4. .
 (`bcbe dbhbsb dbhbsb \wm`ob). 4626. @obksms tbjnnbc 24-64-4620.
Qbsbn b(`r,b Gcmbmev bdjb h(2b8sb-6 d1b-4h6bs2b< )O.jnnros). Phm Pmcmnrbph.
<.
 0. Z b d "Amotmj mj logamrs7 ^bt om`mrmmj ziu eimtmj wmtmj ivmr hmt Jm`mrcbj`s".
Pbbcujomvmrsue.irn (`bcbe dbhbsb dbhbsb Dmcbj`b). Jm`mrcbj`sm Pbbcujom. 4626.
@obksms tbjnnbc 6>-60-4622.
=. Z "Qàrc`mjs 266 stñrstb sprík 466>" [266 dbhbsb tmrdmsbr `ujob tbhuj 466>U.
Jbtiijbcmjlykcipm`oj (`bcbe dbhbsb dbhbsb \wm`ob). 466>.
1. Z "Lmjsus 4622 “ Hiem cbjnubnm" (V@A). \tbtistils \iuth Barolb. @obksms tbjnnbc
4 Amdrubry 4626.
>. Z "Nmlhbttmt wor` bua Vcbtt`muslh". Jiz.`m (`bcbe dbhbsb dbhbsb Gmrebj).
@obksms tbjnnbc 20-6<-4620.
8. Z "Jm`mrsbksoslh". Pbbc.phocmij.jc.  @obksms tbjnnbc 20-6<-4620.
?. Z Mthjicinum7 @bjosh
26. Z Mthjicinum7 Jirwmnobj
22. Z _o``osh7 B Cojnuostil Ojtri`ultiij dy Jmoc N. Gblids
24. Z Mthjicinum7 \lits
2<. Z Mthjicinum7 Coedurnosh
20. Z Mthjicinum7 Arosobj
2=. Z ?>% ia b pipucbtiij ia <4=,666 + 2=,666 jbtivm Olmcbj`ol spmbkmrs iutso`m Olmcbj`
21. Z Vmj`u`uk Cuksmedurn
2>.
28.


7
 7
Vmjnbwbsbj  7
itirotbs 7 ld22?0><<8w (`btb)


7


Kbtmniro7
Dbhbsb Gmrebjok
Dbhbsb Oj`i-Mripb