FEBBY HERAYONO
FEBBY HERAYONO
FEBBY HERAYONO
Sampai saat ini angka kematian Ibu (AKI) dan angka kematian bayi (AKB) di
Indonesia masih cukup tinggi, untuk tahun 2015 yaitu AKI 305/100.00
Indonesia, 2016). Hal ini masih jauh dari target yang dicanangkan oleh
70/100.000 kelahiran hingga tahun 2030. Salah satu penyebab tingginya AKI
dan AKB di Indonesia adalah adanya komplikasi dan penyulit pada masa
kehamilan dan persalinan, hal ini terlihat dari tingginya angka kematian dan
upaya preventif agar kehamilan dan persalinan berjalan secara alami dan
mengurangi resiko cidera akibat persalinan (Clapp, 2005 dan Artal 2003).
Senam hamil di Indonesia merupakan bagian dalam pelayanan
observasi yang dilakukan oleh Martini, 2007 untuk wilayah Jabotabek hanya
rumah sakit swasta yang melaksanakan senam hamil, sedangkan rumah sakit
komplikasi saat persalinan, dibutuhkan suatu cara yang lebih efisien dalam
essenial dari kesehatan ibu hamil, yang menghasilkan manfaat jangka panjang
baik secara fisik maupun psikologis selama proses persalinan (Guyton, 2008).
persalinan yang tidak terlalu terasa sakit jika dibandingkan dengan persalinan
ibu hamil yang tidak melakukan kegiatan senam selama masa kehamilannya.
Hal ini terjadi karena peningkatan kadar hormon endorfin dalam tubuh
sewaktu senam, yang secara alami berfungsi sebagai penahan rasa sakit
(Hanton, 2001). Hal ini di dukung oleh penelitian yang dilakukan oleh
Cochrane 2006 yang di perbaharui pada tahun 2010 dan tahun 2015
ditemukan bahwa ibu hamil yang melakukan olah raga dalam kehamilan
sebanyak 2-3 kali seminggu akan meningkatkan kebugaran tubuhnya, serta ibu
memerlukan waktu 8-10 jam, dan untuk primigravida 10-12 jam. Persalinan
lama dapat terjadi jika fase laten kala I lebih dari 8 jam, dilatasi servik berada
disebelah kanan garis waspada pada persalinan fase aktif atau persalinan lebih
dari 12 jam bayi belum lahir. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah kontraksi uterus
yang tidak adekuat, serta serviks yang kaku pada primigravida, cemas
antara lain trauma jalan lahir dan asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir, sedangkan kala
dua persalinan pada primipara dibatasi 2 jam dan multipara 1 jam. (Saifuddin
gejala atau lebih. Dalam penelitian ini akan melihat perbedaan lama kala II
dan jumlah perdarahan saat persalinan pada Ibu yang melakukan senam hamil
dan tidak melakukan senam hamil selama kehamilan trimester III. Penelitian
ini telah dilakukan pada kelas ibu hamil dan Bidan Praktek Mandiri yang ada
penelitian ini adalah seluruh populasi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Untuk
hamil dan BPM yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Andalas dan Puskesmas
Lubuk Buaya Kota Padang, (2) Ibu dijelaskan tentang tujuan dan alur
menggunakan jam, (5) Melakukan observasi jumlah darah yang keluar selama
partograf. Pemeriksaan sampel dilakukan dengan cara (1) Jam untuk melihat
dan menghitung berapa lama kala II pada persalinan, (2) Underpad untuk
menampung darah yang keluar pada saat persalinan. (3) Timbangan untuk
mengukur berat underpad yang kering dan berat underpad yang sudah terpakai
pada saat ibu bersalin dan (4) Partograf sebagai alat bantu untuk
menggunakan uji Shapiro wilk karena jumlah sampel ≤ 50, jika p > 0,05,
maka data berdistribusi normal. Jika data terdistribusi normal, maka analisa
melakukan dan tidak melakukan senam hamil selama kehamilan trimester III.
kala II dan jumlah perdarahan saat persalinan pada Ibu yang melakukan senam
hamil dan tidak melakukan senam hamil selama kehamilan Trimester III.
(sig < 0,05) maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna lama
kala II pada ibu bersalin yang melakukan senam hamil dan tidak melakukan
senam hamil selama kehamilan trimester III. Penelitian ini didukung oleh
Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sri Mintarsih (2014) hasil penelitian ini
Pada Primipara di RS Dr. Moewardi dengan nilai p hitung 0,013 < 0,05 atau X
2 hitung > X2 tabel (6,135 >1,714) pada signifikan 5%. Kesimpulan yang
persalinan kala III pada ibu post partum primipara di RSUD Dr. Moewardi.
(sig > 0,05) maka dapat disimpulkan tidak terdapat perbedaan jumlah
perdarahan pada ibu bersalin yang melakukan senam hamil dan tidak
frekuensi ≥ 6 kali selama kehamilan trimester III dengan durasi 30-40 menit
kesehatan neonatus. Ibu hamil yang akan mengikuti senam hamil telah
dilakukan pemeriksaan dan dinyatakan sehat ibu dan janin oleh dokter, serta
Senam hamil dilaksanakan setiap minggu selama 30-40 menit dengan panduan
perbedaan yang bermakna antara lama kala II persalinan pada ibu yang
melakukan senam hamil dengan yang tidak melakukan senam hamil selama
antara jumlah perdarahan saat persalinan pada ibu yang melakukan senam
hamil dengan yang tidak melakukan senam hamil selama kehamilan trimester
III
SUMMARY
FEBBY HERAYONO
Maternal and perinatal mortality rates are one indicator of the success of
health services, especially midwifery services. Until now the Maternal Mortality
Rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR) in Indonesia are still quite high, for
2015, namely AKI 305 / 100.00 live births, while AKB 22 / 1,000 live births
(Indonesian Health Profile, 2016). This is far from the target set by the
government through one of the objectives in the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) program, which is reducing MMR to less than 70 / 100,000 births by
2030. One of the causes of high MMR and IMR in Indonesia is complications and
complication during pregnancy and childbirth, this can be seen from the high
mortality and morbidity during this period (Prawirohardjo, 2013).
One attempt at the process of pregnancy and childbirth can run smoothly
and without complications, the American College of Obstetric and Gynecologist
(ACOG) recommends gymnastics during pregnancy as a preventive effort so that
pregnancy and childbirth run naturally and reduce the risk of injury due to labor
(Clapp, 2005 and Artal 2003).
Pregnant gymnastics in Indonesia is part of the Antenatal Care (ANC)
service that should be carried out by every institution providing maternal health
services (MOH, 2009). But for now, not all institutions that carry out pregnancy
exercises, based on the results of observations made by Martini, 2007 for the
Jabotabek area are only private hospitals that carry out pregnancy exercises, while
government hospitals have not implemented the pregnancy exercise program. For
the West Jakarta region, from 8 sub-district health centers only 2 health centers
carry out pregnancy exercises (Rus Martini, 2007).
Given the magnitude of the risk of complications caused by
complications during labor, a more efficient way of increasing uterine
contractions is needed by exercising. Physiologically, exercise can improve
physical fitness and increase blood vascularity so that it can improve muscle
contraction. Some studies also show that physical fitness is an essenial part of the
health of pregnant women, which results in long-term benefits both physically and
psychologically during labor (Guyton, 2008).
Pregnant women who do gymnastics activities quite often and regularly
during the last three months (trimester), it turns out experiencing labor that is not
too painful when compared with the delivery of pregnant women who do not do
gymnastics during their pregnancy. This happens because of an increase in levels
of endorphins in the body during gymnastics, which naturally function as a barrier
to pain (Hanton, 2001). This was supported by a study conducted by the Cochrane
2006 which was updated in 2010 and 2015 found that pregnant women who
exercise in pregnancy as much as 2-3 times a week will improve their fitness, and
pregnant women who do structured exercises will prevent drastic weight gain
during pregnancy and reduce the risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
The duration of first-time labor for multigravida takes 8-10 hours, and for
primigravida 10-12 hours. Prolonged labor can occur if the latent phase of the first
stage is more than 8 hours, cervical dilation is on the right side of the alert line in
the delivery of the active phase or labor more than 12 hours the baby is not yet
born. One of the causes is inadequate uterine contractions, and primigravida stiff
cervix, anxious about being in contact and fatigue. Complications that can be
caused include birth canal trauma and asphyxia in newborns, while the second
stage of labor in primipara is limited to 2 hours and 1 hour multiparous.
(Saifuddin AB, et al., 2009).
This type of research is observational using a Comparative study design
that is research to compare two or more symptoms. In this study we will compare
the duration of the second period and the number of bleeding during labor in
women who do pregnancy exercises and do not do pregnancy exercise during the
third trimester of pregnancy. This research was conducted in the class of pregnant
women and Independent Practice Midwives in the work area of Andalas
Community Health Center and Lubuk Buaya Health Center in Padang City. The
research will be conducted in October-December 2018 until the sample is
fulfilled. the samples needed in this study were 20 respondents for each group.
The sample in this study were all populations that met the inclusion criteria. To
avoid dropped out, the number of samples is added by 10%, so the sample
obtained is 22 people for each group. The sampling method was carried out using
the consecutive sampling method. Research steps (1) Visiting the classes of
pregnant women and BPM in the working area of Andalas Health Center and
Lubuk Buaya Health Center in Padang City, (2) The mother explained about the
purpose and flow of the research,
(3) Conducting interviews and observing the regularity of pregnancy
exercises performed, (4) Carrying out observations of the second stage of labor
using the clock, (5) Observing the amount of blood coming out during labor and
(6) Carrying out recording and documentation on partographs. Examination of the
sample is done by (1) the clock to see and calculate how long the second stage of
labor is, (2) Underpad to accommodate the blood that comes out during labor. (3)
Scales to measure the weight of the underpad that is dry and the weight of the
underpad that has been used when giving birth and (4) The partograph as a tool to
document the results of observations that have been made. Data analysis is done
by a computerized system. Data normality test was performed using the Shapiro
Wilk test because the number of samples was ≤ 50, if p> 0.05, then the data was
normally distributed. If the data is normally distributed, then the data analysis is
continued by using the Independent T parametric test to see the difference in
duration of time II, and the amount of bleeding in pregnant women who do and do
not do pregnancy exercise during the third trimester of pregnancy. If the data is
not normally distributed, then the Mann Whitney non parametric test is conducted
To find out the normality of the data, the Shapiro Wilk Test was then
followed by an independent sample t test to see the difference in the duration of
the second period and the number of bleeding during labor in women who did
pregnancy exercise and did not do pregnancy exercises during pregnancy
Trimester III. This research was carried out in the working area of Andalas
Community Health Center and Lubuk Buaya Health Center in Padang City.
Based on an independent test, the visible test sample sig = 0,000 (sig
<0.05), it can be concluded that there are differences in the duration of the second
time in the mother giving birth to pregnancy and not doing pregnancy exercises
during the third trimester of pregnancy. This research was supported by a study
conducted by Sri Mintarsih (2014). The results of this study were Pregnancy
Gymnastic Effectiveness on the Opening Period of the Third Stage of Labor in
Primipara at Dr. Moewardi with a p value calculated 0.013 <0.05 or X 2 count>
X2 table (6.135> 1.714) at a significant 5%. The conclusion obtained is that
pregnancy exercise is very effective on the length of the opening of third stage
labor in primipara postpartum mothers at Dr. Moewardi.
Based on an independent test of the visible test samples, the sig value =
0.786 (sig> 0.05), it can be concluded that there is no difference in the number of
bleeding in pregnant women who do pregnancy exercises and do not do
pregnancy exercises during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Pregnant gymnastics is a gymnastics given to pregnant women if the
pregnancy period is above 22 weeks until the time of delivery with the aim of
preparing the physical and mental of pregnant women in the face of labor, with
the hope that the labor process can run safely and smoothly. Pregnant gymnastics
must be routinely carried out 2 times a week. Pregnant gymnastics is a physical
exercise in the form of certain movements carried out specifically to improve the
health of pregnant women and accelerate the process of good labor, especially
long time II in the third trimester of pregnancy (Maryunani, 2011).
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded (1) Based on
independent tests of visible test samples sig = 0,000 (sig <0.05), it can be
concluded that there are differences in the length of time in maternal pregnancy
and pregnancy exercises during the third trimester of pregnancy. (2) Based on an
independent test of visible test samples sig = 0.786 (sig> 0.05), it can be
concluded that there is no difference in the number of bleeding in pregnant
women who do pregnancy exercises and do not do pregnancy exercises during the
third trimester of pregnancy.