Reaktor  

         
Fungsi : untuk mereaksikan TG dengan methanol
Jenis reaktor adalah Batch
A. Variabel Design

Inert TG 0.05
Kemurnian
0.95
TG

Feed TG 2 L/s
TG 1.9 L/s

Density TG 0.9 kg/m3

Xa 0.85
Excess ROH 0.2
Cao 3.5 mol/L

mol awal TG 6.65 mol/s

BM TG 847 g/mol
BM Metanol 32 g/mol
BM metil
283.67 g/mol
ester
BM Gliserol 92 g/mol

Reaksi yang terjadi

Tri Gliserol + 3 Metanol → 3 Metyl Ester + Gliserol

mol/s TG 3 ROH 3 R'CO₂R GL

m: 6.65 20.349 0 0
5.652
r: 5.6525 16.9575 16.9575
5
5.652
s: 0.9975 3.3915 16.9575
5

Input

1. Trigliserol
massa = 5632.55 g/s
5.63255 kg/s

2. Metanol
massa = 651.168 g/s
0.651168 kg/s
 Output

1. Trigliserol
massa = 844.8825 g/s
= 0.8448825 kg/s

2. Metanol
massa = 108.528 g/s
0.108528 kg/s

3. Metil Ester
4810.3340
massa = g/s
3
4.8103340
kg/s
3

4. Gliserol
massa = 520.03 g/s
0.52003 kg/s

Input kg/s Output kg/s

Senyawa
Aliran 1 Aliran 2 Aliran 3
TG 5.63255 0 0.8448825
3 ROH 0 0.651168 0.108528
4.81033402
3 R'CO₂R 0 0
5
GL 0 0 0.52003
6.28377452
5.63255 0.651168
Total 5
6.284 6.284

CA = CA0 (1-Xa)
= 0.525 mol/L
V = 1.9 L

A = 19.95 L/mol.s
E = 14.7 kcal/mol = 61504.8 Joule/mol
T = 60 C = 333.15 K
R = 8.314 J/mol.K

k = A.(exp((-E/(R.T))))
4.53156E-
k = 09
-ra = k.Ca
2.37907E-
= 09

B. Dimensi Reaktor

Waktu Reaksi =

atau

Dimana:
t2 = waktu reaksi
t1 = waktu awal reaksi
= 0 s
k = Konstanta Reaksi
4.532E-09
Xa1 = Konversi mula-mula
= 0
Xa2 = Konversi Akhir
= 0.85

t2 418646331 s atau t2
116290.65 jam 4.2E+08 s
116759.1 jam

(Missen,..
)

Dimana :
V = Volume Reaktor Batch
t = Waktu Reaksi
td = waktu pengosongan reaktor (down time) (Asumsi 30 menit)
P(C) = Laju Alir Pembentukan Produk C
vc = Koefisien Produk C
CAo = Konsentrasi mula-mula reaktan A
fA = Konversi Reaktan A
 Kmol/ja
116291 jam x 61.047
V = m
3 x 3.5 Kmol/m3 x 0.85
21012985
= 795428 m3 = gal
5
= 28090276 ft³
Dengan waktu reaksi t jam dimana volume bahan mengisi 80% volume
reaktor dan digunakan 10 buah
reaktor

Volume setiap reaktor (1buah) = 99428.5 m3

= 26266232 gal
= 3511284 ft³
untuk 2 buah reaktor, maka
= 994285 m3
volumenya

Menentukan tinggi (H) dan diameter (D)

reaktor
Bentuk : silinder tegak dengan alas dan head "torispherical dished head"
Volume reaktor = volume shell + (2 x Volume
Head)
Volume shell = π . D² . H
4
(Brownell, eq.5.11
V head = 4.9E-05 D3
p.88)
Volume reaktor = Volume shell + 2 x Volume head
Tinggi shell : Diameter (Hs : D = 3 : 2) (Wallas, p.671)
Tinggi head : Diameter (Hh : D = 1 : 4)
Volume reaktor = π . D² . 3/2D + 0.000049 D3
4
Volume reaktor = 3 . π . D³ + 0.000049 D³ x 2
8
99428.5 = 1.177598 D³
D = 43.8704 m R = 21.93518 m
= 1727.18 in = 863.5882 in
= 143.931 ft = 71.96568 ft

Tinggi
= 3xD
shell
2
= 65.8055526 m
= 2590.764606 in 215.8971 ft
Tinggi
= 1xD
head
 4
= 10.9675921 m
= 431.794101 in 35.98284 ft

Tinggi Tinggi
Tinggi reaktor = + x 2
shell head
= 87.740737 m
= 3454.3528 in 287.862734 ft
* menghitung tinggi
liquid

V = π x D² x Hl
4
26266232 = 3.14 2/3 Hl² x Hl
4
26266232 = 3.14 x 4 Hl³
9 x 4
26266232 = 0.34889 Hl³
Hl = 422.251 m
= 16624 in
= 1385.33 ft

Reaktor        
NE di Reaktor
∆Humpan + ∆Hpendingin = ∆Hproduk + ∆Hrx + ∆Hpendingin
Suhu masuk = suhu keluar
Suhu
referensi 333.15 K 60 C
Suhu reaksi 298.15 K 25 C
333.15 K 60 C
2 3
Kapasitas Panas Cairan (Cp = A + BT + CT + DT ) kj/kmol

Kompone
No A B C D
n
1 CH3OH 40.152 0.31046 -0.0010291 1.4598E-06
2 H2O 92.053 -0.039953 -0.00021103 5.3469E-07
Trigliserid
3 3.039 Kj/Kg.K Sumber : Yaws
a
4 Metil Ester 3.13 Kj/Kg.K
5 Gliserol 2.412 Kj/Kg.K
Sumber : Coulson dan Richardson
∆Hrx = -35000 J/mol
Fao = 6.65 mol/s
x= 0.85
Q gen = -197837.5 J/s
-712215 kJ/h

Tri Gliserol + 3 Metanol → 3 Metyl Ester + Gliserol

∆H input
m n Cp dT
Senyawa 60˚C
kg/jam kmol/h kj/kg kj/jam
TG 20277.18   106.365 2156782.251
3 ROH 2344.2048 23.94 2854.6289 68339.81645
3 R'CO₂R 0   109.55 0
GL 0   84.42 0
22621.384
TOTAL     2225122.067
8

∆H output
n
Senyawa n Cp dT 60˚C
kg/jam kmol/h kj/kg kj/jam
TG 3041.577   106.365 323517.3376
3 ROH 390.7008 12.2094 2854.6289 34853.30639
17317.202
3 R'CO₂R 5   109.55 1897099.533
GL 1872.108   84.42 158043.3574
22621.588
2413513.534
TOTAL 3    

QHrx -712215 kj/jam Eksoterm

Q pendingin 523823.53
= 3 kj/jam
Media pendingin adalah water
T in 30 C 303.15
T out 45 C 318.15
T ref 25 C 298.15
 1129.66841
Cp dT pendingin 9 kj/kmol
463.696713
Massa air pendingin 2 kmol/jam
8346.54083
7 kg/jam

377.486381
Cp dT pendingin in 6 kj/kmol
175039.194
Q air pendingin in 4 kj/jam

1507.15480
Cp dT pendingin out 1 kj/kmol
698862.727
Q air pendingin out 4 kmol/jam

NERACA ENERGI REAKTOR

Input Output
Komponen kj/jam kj/jam
2225122.0
∆H Umpan 7  
∆Hrx   -712215
2413513.53
∆H produk   4
Q 175039.19 698862.727
pendingin 4 4
2400161.2 2400161.26
TOTAL 6 2

Kondisi Operasi
Tekanan = 1 atm
Temperatur Input = 60 o
C 140 o
F
Temperatur Output = 60 o
C 140 o
F
Tc = T1 +T2
2
= 60 o
C
= 140 o
F
= 333.15 o
K

Laju alir umpan reaktor

Bmcam
Kompone BM Massa Masuk yi
p
n
kg/km kg/jam (Kmol/jam)    
 ol
TG 847 20277.18 23.94 0.24631 208.621
73.256
3 ROH 32 2344.2048 0.75369 24.1182
4
3 R'CO₂R 283.67 0 0 0 0
GL 92 0 0 0 0
97.196
Total   22621.385 1 232.739
4

Pendingin berupa jaket pendingin

52382
=
Q pendingin 4 Kj/jam
14550
=
7 W
49649
=
1 Btu/h

8346.5
=
massa pendingin 4 Kg/jam
18401.
=
1 lbm/h

Fluida panas : Tin = 60 oC 333.15 K

Tout = 60 oC 333.15 K
Tc = 60 oC 333.15 K

Fluida dingin : t in = 30 oC 303.15 K

t out = 45 oC 318.15 K
tc = 37.5 oC 310.65 K

menghitung ΔT LMTD
ΔT1 = T in - t out 15 °C 288.15 K 59 °F
ΔT2 = T out - t in 30 °C 303.15 K 86 °F
ΔT LMTD = ΔT1 - ΔT2
ln(ΔT1/ΔT
2)
= 71.654177 oF
properties fluida panas, Tc
Kg/km
BMcam = 232.7389163 ol

Koefisien over all pendingin air ke larutan adalah 70 - 80 Btu/h.ft2.oF (Kern, 717)
Ud = 80 Btu/h.ft2.oF
Rd = 0.001 cooling water (Kern, p.845)
hd = 1 = 1000 Btu/h.ft2.oF
 Rd

80 = Uc 1000
Uc + 1000

80 Uc + 80000 = Uc 1000
80000 = 920 Uc
Uc = 86.9565 Btu/h.ft2.oF