21

6.2 CANTILEVER
Contoh 5

q = 1 t/m’
P1 = 4 t
P2 = 2 t
A B C
4m 2m

Ditanya : - Reaksi-reaksi perletakan

- Momen, Lintang dan Normal perbentang
- Gambar bidang M, L dan N
Penyelesaian :
q = 1 t/m’ P1= 4 t
HA
P2= 2 t
A B C
MA VA Q = q.4 = 4 t
2m
4m 2m

Misalkan : HA ( )
MA ( )
VA ( )

* Mencari reaksi perletakan

∑H=0 - HA + P2 = 0
+ HA = P2 = 2 t
- HA = + 2 t positif hasilnya, berarti benar HA ke
kiri, ( sesuai permisalan ).

∑V=0 VA – Q – P1 = 0
+ - VA – 4 – 4 = 0
VA = + 8 t benar VA = 8 t ( )

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 22

∑ MA = 0 MA + Q.2 + P1.6 = 0
MA + 8 + 24 = 0
MA = - 32 tm negatif hasilnya berarti arah
permisalan momen salah , yang benar
MA = 32 tm ( )
Dari kiri ke kanan momen berlawanan arah jarum jam ( ) adalah momen negatif.
Jadi : HA = 2 t ( )
VA = 8 t ( )
MA = 32 tm ( )
* Menghitung M, L dan N perbentang
● Bentang C-B (0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m ) dari kanan ke kiri, x dari titik C

Lx
P1= 4 t
Nx
P2= 2 t
C
Mx x

∑M=0 Mx + P1.x = 0
Mx = -P1 x Mx = -4x

∑V=0 Lx – P1 = 0
Lx = 4
dMx
Atau = -Lx Lx = 4
dx
∑H=0 -Nx + P2 = 0
Nx = +2 t ( positif berarti batang mengalami
tarik )

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

C-B
(0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m ) -4x 4 +2

0 MC = 0 LCB = 4 NCB = +2
1 M1 = -4 L1 = 4 N1 = +2
2 MB = -8 LBC = 4 NBC = +2

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 23

● Bentang B-A (0 ≤ x ≤ 4 m ) dari kanan ke kiri , x dari titik B

Lx
q = 1 t/m’ P1= 4 t
Nx
P2= 2 t
B C
Mx
x 2m

x
∑M = 0 Mx + q.x. + P1.(2+x) = 0
2
x
Mx = -P1.(2+x) – q.x.
2
x2
Mx = -4.(2+x) -
2
Mx = -8 – 4x -

∑V = 0 Lx – q.x - P1 = 0
Lx = x + 4

dMx
Atau Lx = 4 + x
dx

∑H=0 Nx = P2 = + 2 t ( tarik)

X (m) Mx (tm) Lx (ton) Nx (ton)

B-A x2
(0 ≤ x ≤ 4 m ) -8 – 4x - x+4 +2
2

0 MB = -8 LBA = 4 NBA = +2
1 M1 = -12,5 L1 = 5 N1 = +2
2 M2 = -18 L2 = 6 N2 = +2
3 M3 = -24,5 L3 = 7 N3 = +2
4 MA = -32 LAB = 8 NAB = +2

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 24

Membuat persamaan Gaya Dalam dari A-B (dari kiri ke kanan)

● Bentang A-B (0 ≤ x ≤ 4 m ) dari kiri ke kanan, x dari titik A

q = 1 t/m’ Mx

HA= 2 ton Nx
A E
MA= 32 tm Q= q.x= x Lx
x/2
VA= 8 ton
x

x
∑ME = 0 VA.x - Mx - MA - q.x. =0
2
x
8.x - Mx - 32 - 1.x. =0
2
x2
Mx = - + 8.x - 32
2

∑V = 0 VA - Lx - q.x = 0
Lx = - x + 8

∑H=0 Nx - HA = 0
Nx =+ 2 t

X (m) Mx (tm) Lx (ton) Nx (ton)

A- B x2
(0 ≤ x ≤ 4 m ) - + 8.x - 32 -x + 8 +2
2

0 MA = -32 LAB = 8 NAB = +2

1 M1 = -24,5 L1 = 7 N1 = +2
2 M2 = -18 L2 = 6 N2 = +2
3 M3 = -12,5 L3 = 5 N3 = +2
4 MB = -8 LBA = 4 NBA = +2

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 25

* Gambar bidang M, L dan N

q = 1 t/m’
P1= 4 t
HA= 2 t P
P2= 2 t
A B C
MA= 32 tm VA = 8 t

4m 2m
B C
A
Bidang M -
-
8

32

4 4
+
Bidang L +
A
B C
2 2 2
Bidang N + +
A B C

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 26

Contoh 6

Ditanya : ● Hitung reaksi-reaksi perletakan

● Hitung momen , lintang dan normal perbentang
● M max disepanjang bentang B-C
● Gambar bidang momen, lintang dan normal
Penyelesaian :
● Mencari Rekasi Perletakan

∑H=0 - HB + P3 = 0
+ HB = P3 = 5 t
- HB = + 5 t positif hasilnya, berarti benar HB ke
kiri ( ) , sesuai permisalan
∑MC = 0 VB∙6 – P1∙9 – Q.3 + P2 . 3 = 0
6 VB = P1∙9 + Q.3 - P2 . 3
6VB = 2(9) + 12(3) – 4(3)
6VB = 18 +36 -12 = 42
VB= 42/6 = 7 t ( )

∑MB = 0 -VC∙6 - P1∙3 + Q. 3 + P2 . 9 = 0

VC∙6 = - P1∙3 + Q. 3 + P2 . 9
6VC = -2( 3 ) + 12 (3) + 4(9)
6VC = -6 + 36 + 36 = 66
VC = 66/6 = 11 t ( )

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 27

Kontrol : ∑V=0 VB + VC – P1 - P2 – Q = 0
7 + 11 – 2 – 4 - 12 = 0
0=0 OK!

Jadi : VB = 7 t ( )
VC = 11 t ( )
HB = 5 t ( )

• Mencari Momen , Lintang dan Normal Perbentang

● Bentang A-B ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 3m ) dari kiri ke kanan, x dari titik A

∑M=0 - P1. x – Mx = 0
Mx = -2x
∑V=0 - P1 – Lx = 0
Lx = -2
∑H=0 Nx = 0

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

A-B
-2x -2 0
( 0 ≤ x ≤ 3m )

0 MA = 0 LAB = -2 NAB = 0
1 M1 = -2 L1 = -2 N1 = 0
2 M2 = -4 L2 = -2 N2 = 0
3 MB = -6 LBA = -2 NBA = 0

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 28

● Bentang B-C ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 6m ) dari kiri ke kanan, x dari titik B

∑M=0 - P1 (3+x) + VB .x – q.x.(x/2) - Mx = 0

Mx = - P1 (3+x) + VB .x – q.x.(x/2)
Mx = -2 ( 3+x) + 7x – x2
Mx = -6 -2x + 7x - x2
Mx = - x2 + 5x - 6

∑V=0 - P1 + VB – q.x – Lx = 0
Lx = - P1 + VB – q.x
Lx = -2x + 5

∑H=0 - HB + Nx = 0
Nx = +5 t ( tanda positif berarti batang mengalami
tarik )

“ Momen maksimum terjadi jika gaya lintang sama dengan nol atau Lx = 0 “
Lx = 0 -2x + 5 = 0
2x = 5
x = 2,5 m dari titik B

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 29

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

B-C
- x2 + 5x - 6 -2x + 5 +5
( 0 ≤ x ≤ 6m )

0 MB = -6 LBC = 5 NBC = 5
1 M1 = -2 L1 = 3 N1 = 5
2 M2 = 0 L2 = 1 N2 = 5
2,5 M2,5 = 0,25 L2,5 = 0 N2,5 =5
3 M3 = 0 L3 = -1 N3 =5
4 M4 = -2 L4 = -3 N4 =5
5 M5 = -6 L5 = -5 N5 =5
6 MC = -12 LCB = -7 NCB =5

● Bentang D-C ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 3m ) dari kanan ke kiri, x dari titik C

∑M=0 P2. x + Mx = 0
Mx = -4x
∑V=0 - P2 + Lx = 0
Lx = 4
∑H=0 - Nx + P3 = 0
Nx = +5

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

D-C
- 4x 4 +5
( 0 ≤ x ≤ 3m )

0 MD = 0 LDC = 4 NDC = 5
1 M1 = -4 L1 = 4 N1 = 5
2 M2 = -8 L2 = 4 N2 = 5
3 MC = -12 LCD = 4 NCD = 5

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 30

● Menggambar Bidang Momen , Lintang dan Normal

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 31

Contoh 7

P1= 8 t q = 2 t/m’
P2= 10 t

C 30 0
E
A B S D

2m 2m 2m 3m 2m

● Struktur penumpang

∑H = 0 HS – P2X = 0
HS = P2 cos 30o
HS = 8,66 t ( )

∑ME = 0 VS.5 – P2Y.2 = 0

5VS = P2Y.2 = P2 sin 30o .(2)
5VS = 10
VS = 2 t ( )

∑MS = 0 -VE.5 + P2Y.3 = 0

5VE = P2 sin 30o.3 = 15
VE = 3 t ( )

Kontrol : ∑V = 0 VS + VE – P2Y = 0
2+3–5=0
0=0 OK !

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 32

● Struktur utama

P1= 8 t q = 2 t/m’ Vs= 2 t

A C HS= 8,66 t
HA B S

VA Q=4t
VB
2m 2m 2m

∑H = 0 HA – HS = 0
HA = 8,66 t ( )
∑MC = 0 VA.4 – P1.2 + Q.1 + VS.2 = 0
4VA – 16 + 4 + 4 = 0
4VA = 8
VA = 2 t ( )
∑MA = 0 -VC.4 + P1.2 + Q.5 + VS.6 = 0
-4VC + 16 + 20 + 12 = 0
4VC = 48
VC = 12 t ( )

Kontrol : ∑V = 0 VA + VC – P1 – Q – VS = 0
2 + 12 – 8 -4 -2 = 0
14 – 14 = 0
0=0 OK !

● Bentang A-B (0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m ) dari kiri ke kanan, x dari titik A

x Mx
HA= 8,66 t A
Nx

Lx
VA= 2t

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 33

∑M = 0 - Mx + VA.x = 0
Mx = 2x
∑V = 0 VA - Lx = 0
Lx = 2 t
∑H = 0 HA + Nx = 0
Nx = -8,66 t

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

A-B
2x 2 -8,66
(0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m )
0 MA = 0 LA = 2 NA = -8,66
1 M1 = 2 L1 = 2 N1 = -8,66
2 MB = 4 LBA = 2 NBA = -8,66

● Bentang B-C (0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m ) dari kiri ke kanan, x dari titik B

P1= 8 t
Mx

HA= 8,66 t B Nx
x
Lx
VA= 2t
2m

∑M = 0 - Mx + VA.(2+x) – P1.x = 0
Mx = 2(2+x) – 8x
Mx = 4 + 2x – 8x
Mx = -6x + 4
∑V = 0 VA - P1 - Lx = 0
Lx = 2 -8
Lx = -6 t
∑H = 0 HA + Nx = 0
Nx = -8,66 t

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 34

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

B-C
-6x + 4 -6 -8,66
(0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m )

0 MB = 4 LBC = -6 NBC = -8,66

1 M1 = -2 L1 = -6 N1 = -8,66
2 MC = -8 LCB = -6 NCB = -8,66

● Bentang S-C (0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m ) dari kanan ke kiri, x dari titik S

q1= 2 t/m’ Vs= 2 t

Mx
S
Nx q1. x Hs= 8,66 t
Lx x/2
x

∑M = 0 Mx + VS.x + ½ q.x2 = 0
Mx = - VS.x - ½ q.x2
Mx = -2x – ½ .2x2
Mx - = - x2 – 2x
∑V = 0 Lx - q1. x - VS = 0
Lx = 2x + 2
∑H = 0 - Nx – Hs = 0
Nx = - 8,66 t

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

S-C
-2x – x2 2x + 2 -8,66
(0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m )
0 MS = 0 LSC = 2 NSC = -8,66
1 M1 = -3 L1 = 4 N1 = -8,66
2 MC = -8 LCS = 6 NCS = -8,66

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 35

● Bentang S-D (0 ≤ x ≤ 3 m ) dari kiri ke kanan, x dari titik S

x Mx

Hs= 8,66 t S Nx

Vs= 2t Lx

∑M = 0 - Mx + VS.x = 0
Mx = VS.x
Mx = 2x
∑V = 0 VS - Lx = 0
Lx = 2
∑H = 0 Hs + Nx = 0
Nx = -8,66 t

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

S-D
2x 2 -8,66
(0 ≤ x ≤ 3 m )
0 MS = 0 LSD = 2 NSD = -8,66
1 M1 = 2 L1 =2 N1 = -8,66
2 M2 = 4 L2 =2 N2 = -8,66
3 MD = 6 LDS =2 NDS = -8,66

● Bentang E-D (0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m )

Lx
x
Nx E

Mx

VE= 3t
∑M = 0 Mx - VE.x = 0
Mx = 3x
∑V = 0 Lx + VE = 0
Lx = -3
∑H = 0 Nx = 0

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever

 36

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

E-D
3x -3 0
(0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m )
0 ME = 0 LE = -3 NE = 0
1 M1 = 3 L1 = -3 N1 = 0
2 MD = 6 LDE = -3 NDE = 0

* Gambar bidang M, L dan N

P1= 8 t q = 2 t/m’ P2 = 10 t

C 30 0
E
A B S D

2m 2m 2m 3m 2m
8

Bidang M
- -
B S D E
A
+ C 0
+
2 2 3
4 4
6 6
4
2 2
2 2 +
Bidang L + B + D E
A
C S
-
- 3
3
6 6
8,66 8,66 8,66 8,66
8,66
- - - -
Bidang N D E
A
B C S

Statika : Analisa Struktur Cantilever