Dental Study

Suatu penelitian melibatkan 27 anak yang terdiri 16 laki-laki dan 11 anak perempuan. Respon yang diamati
adalah jarak Pituitary (kelenjar endokrin) dengan pterygomaxillary fissure (celah/belahan tengkorak).
Respon diamati pada anak ketika mereka umur 8, 10, 12, dan 14 tahun. Berikut ini data respon (distance)
yang diperoleh

Ana Distance pada Umur (Tahun)

Gender
k 8 th 10 th 12 th 14 th
1 0 21.0 20.0 21.5 23.0
2 0 21.0 21.5 24.0 25.5
3 0 20.5 24.0 24.5 26.0
4 0 23.5 24.5 25.0 26.5
5 0 21.5 23.0 22.5 23.5
6 0 20.0 21.0 21.0 22.5
7 0 21.5 22.5 23.0 25.0
8 0 23.0 23.0 23.5 24.0
9 0 20.0 21.0 22.0 21.5
10 0 16.5 19.0 19.0 19.5
11 0 24.5 25.0 28.0 28.0
12 1 26.0 25.0 29.0 31.0
13 1 21.5 22.5 23.0 26.5
14 1 23.0 22.5 24.0 27.5
15 1 25.5 27.5 26.5 27.0
16 1 20.0 23.5 22.5 26.0
17 1 24.5 25.5 27.0 28.5
18 1 22.0 22.0 24.5 26.5
19 1 24.0 21.5 24.5 25.5
20 1 23.0 20.5 31.0 26.0
21 1 27.5 28.0 31.0 31.5
22 1 23.0 23.0 23.5 25.0
23 1 21.5 23.5 24.0 28.0
24 1 17.0 24.5 26.0 29.5
25 1 22.5 25.5 25.5 26.0
26 1 23.0 24.5 26.0 30.0
27 1 22.0 21.5 23.5 25.0

Ada dua bentuk perintah SAS untuk analisis data longitudinal dengan metode repeated measurement
analysis of variance. Kedua bentuk tersebut tergantung pada susunan data, yaitu (1) data setiap waktu
disusun kebawah, (2) data respon disusun watu t1, respon t2 dst disusun menyamping.
 DATA TERSUSUN KE BAWAH
Program SAS;

Data dental1;
Input obs child gender age distance;
cards;
1 1 0 8 21.0
2 1 0 10 20.0
3 1 0 12 21.5
4 1 0 14 23.0
5 2 0 8 21.0
6 2 0 10 21.5
7 2 0 12 24.0
8 2 0 14 25.5
9 3 0 8 20.5
10 3 0 10 24.0
11 3 0 12 24.5
12 3 0 14 26.0
13 4 0 8 23.5
14 4 0 10 24.5
15 4 0 12 25.0
16 4 0 14 26.5
17 5 0 8 21.5
18 5 0 10 23.0
19 5 0 12 22.5
20 5 0 14 23.5
21 6 0 8 20.0
22 6 0 10 21.0
23 6 0 12 21.0
24 6 0 14 22.5
25 7 0 8 21.5
26 7 0 10 22.5
27 7 0 12 23.0
28 7 0 14 25.0
29 8 0 8 23.0
30 8 0 10 23.0
31 8 0 12 23.5
32 8 0 14 24.0
33 9 0 8 20.0
34 9 0 10 21.0
35 9 0 12 22.0
36 9 0 14 21.5
37 10 0 8 16.5
38 10 0 10 19.0
39 10 0 12 19.0
40 10 0 14 19.5
41 11 0 8 24.5
42 11 0 10 25.0
43 11 0 12 28.0
44 11 0 14 28.0
45 12 1 8 26.0
46 12 1 10 25.0
47 12 1 12 29.0
48 12 1 14 31.0
49 13 1 8 21.5
50 13 1 10 22.5
51 13 1 12 23.0
52 13 1 14 26.5
53 14 1 8 23.0
54 14 1 10 22.5
55 14 1 12 24.0
56 14 1 14 27.5
57 15 1 8 25.5
58 15 1 10 27.5
59 15 1 12 26.5
60 15 1 14 27.0
61 16 1 8 20.0
62 16 1 10 23.5
63 16 1 12 22.5
64 16 1 14 26.0
65 17 1 8 24.5
66 17 1 10 25.5
67 17 1 12 27.0
68 17 1 14 28.5
69 18 1 8 22.0
70 18 1 10 22.0
71 18 1 12 24.5
72 18 1 14 26.5
73 19 1 8 24.0
74 19 1 10 21.5
75 19 1 12 24.5
76 19 1 14 25.5
77 20 1 8 23.0
78 20 1 10 20.5
79 20 1 12 31.0
80 20 1 14 26.0
81 21 1 8 27.5
82 21 1 10 28.0
83 21 1 12 31.0
84 21 1 14 31.5
85 22 1 8 23.0
86 22 1 10 23.0
87 22 1 12 23.5
88 22 1 14 25.0
89 23 1 8 21.5
90 23 1 10 23.5
91 23 1 12 24.0
92 23 1 14 28.0
93 24 1 8 17.0
94 24 1 10 24.5
95 24 1 12 26.0
96 24 1 14 29.5
97 25 1 8 22.5
98 25 1 10 25.5
99 25 1 12 25.5
100 25 1 14 26.0
101 26 1 8 23.0
102 26 1 10 24.5
103 26 1 12 26.0
104 26 1 14 30.0
105 27 1 8 22.0
106 27 1 10 21.5
107 27 1 12 23.5
108 27 1 14 25.0
;

proc glm data=dental1;

class age gender child;
model distance = gender child(gender) age age*gender;
random child(gender) / test;
run;
OUTPUT

The GLM Procedure

Dependent Variable: distance

Sum of
Source DF Squares Mean Square F Value Pr > F
Model 32 769.5642887 24.0488840 12.18 <.0001
Error 75 148.1278409 1.9750379
Corrected Total 107 917.6921296

R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE distance Mean

0.838587 5.850026 1.405360 24.02315

Source DF Type I SS Mean Square F Value Pr > F

gender 1 140.4648569 140.4648569 71.12 <.0001

child(gender) 25 377.9147727 15.1165909 7.65 <.0001
age 3 237.1921296 79.0640432 40.03 <.0001
age*gender 3 13.9925295 4.6641765 2.36 0.0781

Dependent Variable: distance

Source DF Type I SS Mean Square F Value Pr > F

* gender 1 140.464857 140.464857 9.29 0.0054

Error 25 377.914773 15.116591

Error: MS(child(gender))
* This test assumes one or more other fixed effects are zero.

Source DF Type I SS Mean Square F Value Pr > F

 child(gender) 25 377.914773 15.116591 7.65 <.0001
* age 3 237.192130 79.064043 40.03 <.0001
age*gender 3 13.992529 4.664176 2.36 0.0781

Error: MS(Error) 75 148.127841 1.975038

* This test assumes one or more other fixed effects are zero.

/************************************************************************

Analisis ini juga bisa menggunakan PROC MIXED, dengan perintah seperti
berikut ini.

************************************************************************/

proc mixed data=dental1 method=type3;

class age gender child;
model distance = gender age age*gender;
random child(gender);
run;

The Mixed Procedure

Type 3 Analysis of Variance

Sum of
Source DF Squares Mean Square

gender 1 140.464857 140.464857

age 3 209.436974 69.812325
age*gender 3 13.992529 4.664176
child(gender) 25 377.914773 15.116591
Residual 75 148.127841 1.975038

Type 3 Analysis of Variance

Source F Value Pr > F

gender 9.29 0.0054

age 35.35 <.0001
age*gender 2.36 0.0781
child(gender) 7.65 <.0001
Residual . .

Type 3 Tests of Fixed Effects

Num Den
Effect DF DF F Value Pr > F

gender 1 25 9.29 0.0054

age 3 75 35.35 <.0001
age*gender 3 75 2.36 0.0781
 DATA DISUSUN KE SAMPING

PROGRAM SAS

data dental2;
input child gender dist8 dist10 dist12 dist14;
cards;
1 0 21.0 20.0 21.5 23.0
2 0 21.0 21.5 24.0 25.5
3 0 20.5 24.0 24.5 26.0
4 0 23.5 24.5 25.0 26.5
5 0 21.5 23.0 22.5 23.5
6 0 20.0 21.0 21.0 22.5
7 0 21.5 22.5 23.0 25.0
8 0 23.0 23.0 23.5 24.0
9 0 20.0 21.0 22.0 21.5
10 0 16.5 19.0 19.0 19.5
11 0 24.5 25.0 28.0 28.0
12 1 26.0 25.0 29.0 31.0
13 1 21.5 22.5 23.0 26.5
14 1 23.0 22.5 24.0 27.5
15 1 25.5 27.5 26.5 27.0
16 1 20.0 23.5 22.5 26.0
17 1 24.5 25.5 27.0 28.5
18 1 22.0 22.0 24.5 26.5
19 1 24.0 21.5 24.5 25.5
20 1 23.0 20.5 31.0 26.0
21 1 27.5 28.0 31.0 31.5
22 1 23.0 23.0 23.5 25.0
23 1 21.5 23.5 24.0 28.0
24 1 17.0 24.5 26.0 29.5
25 1 22.5 25.5 25.5 26.0
26 1 23.0 24.5 26.0 30.0
27 1 22.0 21.5 23.5 25.0
;

/*******************************************************************

Option NOUNI : Anova individu pada setiap waktu tidak ditampilkan.

Option PRINTE: Mengelurkan uji kesamaan ragam.

Option NOM berarti "no multivariate," yang berarti hanya mengeluarkan

“Univariate repeated measures analysis of variance”
Diasumsikan bahwa Matrik korelasinya adalah exchangable (compound symmetry
Hanya menghasilkan analisis dasar.
*******************************************************************/

proc glm data=dental2;

class gender;
model dist8 dist10 dist12 dist14 = gender / nouni;
repeated age / printe nom;
run;
 Dependent Variable dist8 dist10 dist12 dist14
Level of age 1 2 3 4

Partial Correlation Coefficients from the Error SSCP Matrix / Prob > |r|
DF = 25 dist8 dist10 dist12 dist14
dist8 1.000000 0.570699 0.661320 0.521583
0.0023 0.0002 0.0063

dist10 0.570699 1.000000 0.563167 0.726216

0.0023 0.0027 <.0001

dist12 0.661320 0.563167 1.000000 0.728098

0.0002 0.0027 <.0001

dist14 0.521583 0.726216 0.728098 1.000000

0.0063 <.0001 <.0001

E = Error SSCP Matrix

age_N represents the contrast between the nth level of age and the last

age_1 age_2 age_3

age_1 124.518 41.879 51.375
age_2 41.879 63.405 11.625
age_3 51.375 11.625 79.500

Partial Correlation Coefficients from the Error SSCP Matrix of the

Variables Defined by the Specified Transformation / Prob > |r|

DF = 25 age_1 age_2 age_3

age_1 1.000000 0.471326 0.516359
0.0151 0.0069

age_2 0.471326 1.000000 0.163738

0.0151 0.4241

age_3 0.516359 0.163738 1.000000

0.0069 0.4241

The GLM Procedure

Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance

Sphericity Tests

Mauchly's
Variables DF Criterion Chi-Square Pr > ChiSq

Transformed Variates 5 0.4998695 16.449181 0.0057

Orthogonal Components 5 0.7353334 7.2929515 0.1997

Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance

Tests of Hypotheses for Between Subjects Effects

Source DF Type III SS Mean Square F Value Pr > F

gender 1 140.4648569 140.4648569 9.29 0.0054

Error 25 377.9147727 15.1165909

Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance

 Univariate Tests of Hypotheses for Within Subject Effects

Source DF Type III SS Mean Square F Value Pr > F

age 3 209.4369739 69.8123246 35.35 <.0001

age*gender 3 13.9925295 4.6641765 2.36 0.0781
Error(age) 75 148.1278409 1.9750379

Adj Pr > F
Source G - G H-F-L

age <.0001 <.0001

age*gender 0.0878 0.0797
Error(age)

Greenhouse-Geisser Epsilon 0.8672

Huynh-Feldt-Lecoutre Epsilon 0.9769