Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan

yang memiliki potensi bisnis yang cukup besar. Udang vaname memiliki beberapa
keunggulan, yaitu tahan terhadap penyakit, kebutuhan protein rendah, pertumbuhannya lebih
cepat, toleran terhadap perubahan lingkungan, dan dapat ditebar dengan kepadatan yang
tinggi. Budidaya udang vaname telah dilakukan di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia, namun
masih dihadapkan pada kendala berupa kualitas benur yang rendah, seperti ukuran yang tidak
seragam, pertumbuhan lambat, dan rentan terhadap perubahan lingkungan yang berdampak
pada kegagalan pembesaran udang di tambak. Salah satu solusi dalam memperbaiki mutu
larva udang vaname adalah dengan peningkatan kualitas pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
mengetahui pengaruh berbagai pakan alami dan buatan terhadap pertumbuhan dan tingkat
kelulusan hidup larva udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penelitian dilaksanakan di PT
Esaputlii Prakarsa Utama Barru. Wadah yang digunakan adalah bak beton berukuran 4 x 4 x
1,5 m sebanyak 10 buah dan larva udang vaname yang ditebar sebanyak 2.700.000 ekor/bak.
Larva udang vaname dipelihara selama 15 hari dimulai dari stadia Naupli 6 sampai dengan
Post Larva 7. Prosedur penelitian dimulai dengan persiapan wadah pemeliharaan, persiapan
air, penebaran naupli, pengelolaan pakan, pengelolaan kualitas air, dan pemberian probiotik.
Thalassiosira sp. diberikan sejak stadia Naupli 6 hingga Mysis 3, sedangkan Artemia sp.
diberikan sejak Mysis 3 hingga PL 7. Sedangkan pakan buatan A diberikan pada stadia Zoea
1 - Zoea 3, pakan buatan B diberikan pada stadia Mysis 1 - Mysis 3, dan pakan buatan C
diberikan pada stadia PL 1 - PL 7.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertambahan panjang mutlak larva udang vaname
dari PL 4 - PL 7 rata-rata sebesar 0,48 mm. Jumlah populasi larva udang vaname di akhir
pemiliharaan sebanyak 14.752.000 ekor dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup (SR) rata-rata
sebesar 54,64%. Penurunan jumlah populasi dipengaruhi oleh penyakit vibriosis, kualitas air,
dan manajemen pakan. Pengukuran suhu selama pemeliharaan berkisar 30,5-32oC, salinitas
berada pada rentang 30-32 g/L, pengukuran pH air berkisar 8,1-8,5, dan alkalinitas berkisar
128-168 mg/L.

Kata kunci : udang vaname, pertumbuhan mutlak, kelangsungan hidup, pakan alami, pakan
buatan.
 ABSTRACT

NUR INDASARI (17 410 007) Study of Growth and Survival Rate of Vaname Shrimp
Larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei) at Various Stadia with Various Natural and Artificial
Feeds. Under the guidance of Mr. Ir. Tamar Mustari, M.S as the main supervisor and
Mr. Sumitro, S. Pi, M. Si as the member's supervisor.
Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the fishery commodities that has
considerable business potential. Vannamei shrimp has several advantages, namely resistance
to disease, low protein requirements, faster growth, tolerance to environmental changes, and
can be stocked with high density. Vannamei shrimp cultivation has been carried out in
several regions in Indonesia, but is still faced with obstacles in the form of low fry quality,
such as non-uniform size, slow growth, and vulnerability to environmental changes that have
an impact on the failure of shrimp rearing in ponds. One of the solutions to improve the
quality of vaname shrimp larvae is to improve feed quality. This study aims to determine the
effect of various natural and artificial feeds on the growth and survival rate of vaname shrimp
(Litopenaeus vannamei) larvae. The research was conducted at PT Esaputlii Prakarsa Utama
Barru. The containers used were 10 pieces of 4 x 4 x 1.5 m concrete tubs and 2,700,000
vaname shrimp larvae stocked/tub. Vannamei shrimp larvae were reared for 15 days starting
from Naupli stage 6 to Post Larvae 7. The research procedure began with preparation of
rearing containers, preparation of water, stocking of naupli, feed management, water quality
management, and administration of probiotics. Thalassiosira sp. given from Naupli stage 6 to
Mysis 3, while Artemia sp. given from Mysis 3 to PL 7. While artificial feed A was given at
Zoea 1 - Zoea 3 stages,
The results showed that the absolute length increase of vaname shrimp larvae from PL
4 - PL 7 averaged 0.48 mm. The total population of vaname shrimp larvae at the end of the
election was 14,752,000 individuals with an average survival rate (SR) of 54.64%. The
decline in population is influenced by vibriosis disease, water quality, and feed management.
Temperature measurements during maintenance ranged from 30.5-32oC, salinity ranged from
30-32 g/L, water pH measurements ranged from 8.1-8.5, and alkalinity ranged from 128-168
mg/L.

Keywords: vaname shrimp, absolute growth, survival, natural feed, artificial feed.