= 1893,939 kg/jam
Konversi = 95,32%
Bahan baku
C6H6 = 100%
C7H8 = 0%
H2O = 1%
HNO3 = 50%
H2SO4 = 50%
H2O = 50%
NaOH = 40%
Komposisi Produk
98% nitrobenzen (C6H5NO2)
(US.Patent.2,773,911)
Berat molekul komponen (Perry’s)
C6H6 = 78 (kg/kmol)
C7H8 = 92 (kg/kmol)
HNO3 = 63 (kg/kmol)
H2SO4 = 98 (kg/kmol)
H2O = 18 (kg/kmol)
NaOH = 40 (kg/kmol)
NaNO3 = 85 (kg/kmol)
Na2SO4 = 142 (kg/kmol)
C6H5NO2 = 123 (kg/mol)
Asam campuran mengandung 50% asam nitrat (US.Patent.2,773,911)
Input Output
Komponen Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 3
kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam
HNO3 100,000 1,587 100,000 1,587
H2SO4 50,000 0,510 50,000 0,510
H2O 100,000 5,556 50,000 2,778 150,000 8,333
Sub Total 200,000 7,143 100,000 3,288 300,000 10,431
Total 300,000 300,000
Asam nitrat 1
Air 3 Air
Air 2 Asam nitrat
Asam sulfat Asam sulfat
Aliran Input Mixer
Arus 1
HNO3 Input = 100 kg/jam
HNO3 + H2O = 200 kg/jam
H2O = 200 kg/jam – 100 kg/jam
= 100 kg/jam
Arus 2
H2SO4 input = 50 kg/jam
H2SO4 + H2O = 50 x 2 kg/jam
= 100 kg/jam
H2O = 100 kg/jam – 50 kg/jam
= 50 kg/jam
Aliran Output Mixer
Arus 3
HNO3 output = 100 kg/jam
H2SO4 output = 50 kg/jam
H2O = 150 kg/jam
Input Output
Komponen Arus 3 Arus 4 Arus 5
kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam
HNO3 100,000 1,587 4,680 0,074
H2SO4 50,000 0,510 50,000 0,510
C6H6 130,000 1,667 11,985 0,154
C7H8 0,026 0,000 0,026 0,000
C6H5NO2 186,101 1,513
H2O 150,000 8,333 0,650 0,036 177,885 9,882
Sub Total 300,000 10,431 130,676 1,703 430,676 12,134
Total 430,676 430,676
Benzen 4
Toluen
Benzen
Asam nitrat 3 Asam nitrat
Air 5 Air
Asam sulfat Toluen
Nitrobenzen
Asam sulfat
Arus 4
Benzen yang dibutuhkan (C6H6) = 1,667 kmol/jam x 78 kg/kmol
= 130 kg/jam
1
Air yang terikut (H2O) = x 130000 kg/jam
100
= 0,650 kg/jam
Toluen = 0,026 kg/jam
Output Reaktor
Arus 5
HNO3 = 0,074 kmol/jam x 63 kg/kmol
= 4,680 kg/jam
H2SO4 = 50.000 kg/jam
C6H6 = 0,154 kmol/jam x 78 kg/kmol
= 11,985 kg/jam
C6H5NO2 = 1,513 kmol/jam x 123 kg/kmol
= 186,101 kg/jam
H2O = 1,513 kmol/jam x 18 kg/kmol
= 27,234 kg/jam
H2O campuran = 27,234 kg/jam + 150,000 kg/jam +
0,650 kg/jam
= 177,885 kg/jam
C7H8 = 0,026 kg/jam
1. Netralizer
Fungsi : tempat menetralkan asam sulfat dan asam nitrat dengan bantuan
natrium hidroksida menjadi natrium sulfat dan natrium nitrat.
Air
Natrium hidroksida
Benzen 6 Benzen
Air 5 Toluen
Toluen Nitrobenzen
Keterangan :
H2SO4 bereaksi sempurna dengan NaOH membentuk Na2SO4
HNO3 bereaksi sempurna dengan NaOH membenruk NaNO3
Input Netralizer
Arus 5
HNO3 = 0,074 kmol/jam x 63 kg/kmol
= 4,680 kg/jam
H2SO4 = 50,000 kg/jam
C6H6 = 0,154 kmol/jam x 78 kg/kmol
= 11,985 kg/jam
C6H5NO2 = 1,513 kmol/jam x 123 kg/kmol
= 186,101 kg/jam
H2O = 9,882 kmol/jam x 18 kg/kmol
= 177,885 kg/jam
H2O campuran = 177,885 kg/jam + 4,098 kg/jam +
9450 kg/jam
= 11169,858 kg/jam
C7H8 = 1,639 kg/jam
Reaksi 1 :
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,510 1,020
0,510 1,020 0,510 1,020
Reaksi 2 :
HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O
0,074 0,074
0,074 0,074 0,074 0,074
Arus 6
NaOH yang dibutuhkan = mol NaOH reaksi 1 + mol NaOH reaksi 2
= 0,074 kmol/jam + 1,020 kmol/jam
= 1,095 kmol/jam
= 43,788 kg/jam
60
H2O = x 47,788 kg/jam
40
= 65,682 kg/jam
Output Netralizer
Arus 7
Na2SO4 yang terbentuk = 0,510 kmol/jam x 142 kg/kmol
= 72,449 kg/jam
NaNO3 yang terbentuk = 0,074 kmol/jam x 85 kg/kmol
= 6,314 kg/jam
H2O yang terbentuk reaksi = 1,020 kmol/jam + 0,074 kmol/jam
= 1,095 kmol/jam x 18 kg/kmol
= 19,704 kg/jam
H2O campuran = 19,704 kg/jam + 177,885 kg/jam +
65,682 kg/jam
= 263,271 kg/jam
Neraca Masaa pada Netralizer
Input Output
Komponen Arus 5 Arus 6 Arus 7
kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam
HNO3 4,680 0,074
H2SO4 50,000 0,510
C6H6 11,985 0,154 11,985 0,154
C7H8 0,026 0,000 0,026 0,000
C6H5NO2 186,101 1,513 186,101 1,513
H2O 177,885 9,882 65,682 3,649 263,271 14,626
NaOH 43,788 1,095
NaNO3 72,449 0,510
Na2SO4 6,314 0,074
Sub Total 430,676 12,134 109,469 4,744 540,146 16,878
Total 540,146 540,146
2. Decanter
8 Benzen
Benzen Air
Air Toluen
Toluen 7 Nitrobenzen
Natrium sulfat
9 Natrium Sulfat
Nitrobenzen
nitrat
Data Kelarutan :
Berdasarkan data densitas di atas maka ditentukan batas dari fraksi ringan
adalah air dimana komponen yang terlarut dengan air akan berada pada
fase
ringan, komponen yang memiliki densitas besar akan menjadi fase berat.
Input Decanter
Arus 7
= 6,314 kg/jam
= 72,449 kg/jam
= 263,271 kg/jam
11169,858 kg/jam
= 16549,184 kg/jam
= 11,985 kg/jam
2,06
C6H5NO2 = x 123 kg/jam
1000
= 0,383 kg/jam
Arus 8
= 0,383 kg/jam
Nitrobenzen sisa
= 185,718 kg/jam
= 0,360 kg/jam
Air Sisa
= 262,911 kg/jam
= 249,502 kg/jam
= -177,053 kg/jam
= 107,268 kg/jam
Natrium Sulfat Sisa = Massa nat. Sulfat - Massa nat. sulfat fase ringan
= -100,953 kg/jam
Nitrat yang masuk ke decanter sehingga tidak ada Natrium Nitrat dan
Arus 9
= 22,679 kg/jam
fase ringan
= 11690,269 kg/jam
15.000 ton/tahun x
= 1893,939 kg/jam
Fator pengali =
= 0,162 kg/jam