Henry Pranoto
Christy Rahma Septiani
SMA/SMK KELAS X
Hak Cipta pada Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi
Republik Indonesia.
Dilindungi Undang-Undang.
Penulis
Henry Pranoto
Christy Rahma Septiani
Penelaah
Rien Safrina
Iwan Budi Santoso
Penyelia
Pusat Kurikulum & Perbukuan
Ilustrator/Desainer
Alethea Laras Kinanti
Penyunting
Alethea Laras Kinanti
Penerbit
Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan dan Perbukuan
Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi
Jalan Gunung Sahari Raya No. 4 Jakarta Pusat
iii
Prakata
iv
kreatif dalam mengembangkan minat dan bakat bermusik para peserta didik,
dengan memperhatikan tingkat pertumbuhan keterampilan dasar bermusik
(soft skills) dari para peserta didik yang mereka bina. Dengan demikian, para
peserta didik dapat memperoleh pengalaman belajar bermusik yang positif
dan membangun melalui: pengalaman pendidikan langsung (firsthand
musical experience) yang diberikan oleh para guru musik dengan materi
bermusik yang menarik. Para peserta didik diharapkan dapat senantiasa
menumbuhkan kecintaan dan kegemaran mereka untuk belajar bermusik
secara terus menerus dan berkesinambungan (lifelong musical learning).
Hal ini merupakan cerminan dari pengalaman positif dalam proses belajar-
mengajar musik yang mereka peroleh di dunia pendidikan (lifelong musical
experience).
Tim Penulis
v
Daftar Isi
vi
Kegiatan Pembelajaran III dan IV
Mengeksplorasi Genre Musik .................................................................76
Kegiatan Pembelajaran V dan VI
Menghasilkan Karya Musik berdasarkan Bentuk Struktur dan
Genre Musik yang Dipilih ......................................................................89
Kegiatan Pembelajaran VII dan VIII
Memainkan dan Menampilkan Karya Musik sesuai Bentuk Struktur dan
Genre Musik.............................................................................................97
vii
Unit 5 Apresiasi Musik ...............................................................................197
Kegiatan Pembelajaran I dan II
Estetika Bunyi Musik ............................................................................204
Kegiatan Pembelajaran III dan IV
Apresiasi Musik Barat ...........................................................................212
Kegiatan Pembelajaran V dan VI
Estetika Musik Tradisional Indonesia ..................................................221
Kegiatan Pembelajaran VII dan VIII
Apresiasi Pementasan Karya Seni ..........................................................229
Penutup .......................................................................................................238
Kunci Jawaban ............................................................................................239
Daftar Pustaka ...........................................................................................245
Biodata.........................................................................................................248
viii
Daftar Gambar
ix
Daftar Tabel
x
Tabel 3.3 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Keterampilan...............................................121
Tabel 3.4 Pedoman Refleksi Guru..........................................................................122
Tabel 3.4 Pola Rima................................................................................................123
Tabel 3.5 Pembagian Suara Bernyanyi Wanita Berdasarkan Range Suara
dan Warna Suara......................................................................................................125
Tabel 3.6 Pembagian Suara Bernyanyi Pria Berdasarkan Range Suara dan
Warna Suara.............................................................................................................125
Tabel 3.7 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Sikap.............................................................130
Tabel 3.8 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Keterampilan...............................................131
Tabel 3.9 Pedoman Refleksi Guru.........................................................................132
Tabel 3.10 Bentuk Pola Lagi...................................................................................134
Tabel 3.11 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Sikap..........................................................139
Tabel 3.12 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Keterampilan............................................140
Tabel 3.13 Pedoman Refleksi Guru.......................................................................141
Tabel 3.14 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Sikap..........................................................147
Tabel 3.15 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Keterampilan.............................................147
Tabel 3.16 Pedoman Refleksi Guru........................................................................148
Tabel 4.1 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Sikap.............................................................164
Tabel 4.2 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Keterampilan................................................165
Tabel 4.3 Pedoman Refleksi Guru.........................................................................166
Tabel 4.4 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Sikap.............................................................172
Tabel 4.5 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Keterampilan...............................................173
Tabel 4.6 Pedoman Refleksi Guru..........................................................................174
Tabel 4.7 Daftar Pengelompokan Sumber Bunyi-Musik......................................175
Tabel 4.8 Rumpun Alat Musik Berdasarkan Pengelompokan Posisi Duduk
Dalam Grup Orkestra ............................................................................................177
Tabel 4.9 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Sikap.............................................................183
Tabel 4.10 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Keterampilan.............................................183
Tabel 4.11 Pedoman Refleksi Guru........................................................................185
Tabel 4.12 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Sikap...........................................................192
xi
Tabel 4.13 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Keterampilan...............................................193
Tabel 4.14 Pedoman Refleksi Guru........................................................................194
Tabel 5.1 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Sikap.............................................................210
Tabel 5.2 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Keterampilan................................................210
Tabel 5.3 Pedoman Refleksi Guru..........................................................................211
Tabel 5.4 Counterpoint five species...........................................................................213
Tabel 5.5 Jenis-Jenis Bentuk Musik.........................................................................214
Tabel 5.6 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Sikap...............................................................219
Tabel 5.7 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Keterampilan.................................................220
Tabel 5.8 Pedoman Refleksi Guru..........................................................................220
Tabel 5.9 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Sikap.............................................................227
Tabel 5. 10 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Keterampilan................................................227
Tabel 5.11 Pedoman Refleksi Guru........................................................................228
Tabel 5.12 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Sikap............................................................234
Tabel 5.13 Pedoman Penilaian Aspek Keterampilan..............................................235
Tabel 5.14 Pedoman Refleksi Guru........................................................................236
xii
KEMENTRIAN PENDIDIKAN, KEBUDAYAAN, RISET, DAN KEBUDAYAAN
REPUBLIK INDONESIA, 2021
Buku Panduan Guru Seni Musik
untuk SMA/SMK Kelas X
4-(3
$*2/+.1?2( !4-8(
#?+?, ,42(* eǷǡȗ ࡲ ঃ ȚǷΘǡ LJƲDZƲǶ BȚȐǡǯ ࡺ
eȍǷȭ ߛ
ǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ȚǷΘǡ LJƲDZƲǶ BȚȐǡǯ
XNjǯǽǶNjǷLJƲȐǡ ƲDZǽǯƲȐǡ ΒƲǯȗȚ ࡹ Η ࡵࡶ ǶNjǷǡȗ
ǡȦȅȣǷȠȦǷ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
UƲLJƲ ȗƲǞƲȊ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ȚǷǡȗ ȊNjȍȗƲǶƲ ǡǷǡष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ǀNjDZƲǬƲȍ
ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ॲȐȚƲȍƲ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ǀNjǷLJƲঃǀNjǷLJƲ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ΘƲǷǘ DZƲǡǷॳा BNjȍNjǯƲ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǀNjȍLJƲȐƲȍǯƲǷ
ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡǷΘƲ ॲLjǡȣȓȠǴȓȍǡ ǷǝǷȓȠǴȓȍǡ ǗǴȓȣǝȓȠǴȓȍǡ ȌǡȌǖȣLjȍȓȠǴȓȍǡ LJƲǷ
ǡȇǡǗȭȣȓȠǴȓȍǡॳष ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǀNjȍLJƲȐƲȍǯƲǷ ǁƲȍƲ ǶNjǶƲǡǷǯƲǷǷΘƲ ॲƲDZƲȗ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗǡȚȊष ǘNjȐNjǯष ȊNjȗǡǯष ȊȚǯȚDZष ȗNjǯƲǷॳष ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ DZƲǡǷ
ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǬȚǶȊƲǡ LJǡ DZǡǷǘǯȚǷǘƲǷ ȗNjǶȊƲȗ ȗǡǷǘǘƲDZ ǶNjȍNjǯƲा
NjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǀȚǷΘǡ LJƲȍǡ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍ ȐȚƲȍƲष ǁƲȍƲ ǶNjǶƲǡǷǯƲǷष LJƲǷ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ǶNjǯƲǷǡȐǶNj ȊȍǽLJȚǯȐǡ
ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗा NjǷǘƲǷ LJNjǶǡǯǡƲǷष ǶNjȍNjǯƲ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ LJƲǷ
ǶNjȍNjϲNjǯȐǡǯƲǷ ȐȚƲȍƲঃȐȚƲȍƲ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ DZNjΒƲȗ ǯNjǬƲLJǡƲǷঃǯNjǬƲLJǡƲǷ ƲDZƲǶ
ॲȐǡȗȚƲȐǡ ǀNjǷǁƲǷƲ ƲDZƲǶष ǘȚǷȚǷǘ ǶNjDZNjȗȚȐष ǯNjǀƲǯƲȍƲǷष LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷॳ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡȍNjǯƲǶॅLJǡȗȚDZǡȐǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ǶȚȐǡǯा
NjǷǘƲǷ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ǘȚȍȚष ȊƲȍƲ
ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯǷƲ LJƲȍǡ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjȍNjǯƲ LJNjǷǘƲȍा
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǡǶǡȗƲȐǡ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡLJNjǷǘƲȍ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶƲǡǷǯƲǷॅ
BLjȭǡȣǷ Uȓȅȓȅ
%ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǯNjǷƲDZǯƲǷ ȐȚǶǀNjȍঃȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲȍǡ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ
LJƲǷ ǀNjǷLJƲঃǀNjǷLJƲ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǶNjǶƲǡǷǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀƲǞƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲΘƲƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ
ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ǶƲȚȊȚǷ LJƲȍǡ ǀƲǞƲǷঃǀƲǞƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚा
NjȍLJƲȐƲȍǯƲǷ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡǷΘƲष ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡǯNjDZǽǶȊǽǯǯƲǷ ǯNj LJƲDZƲǶ ǯƲȗNjǘǽȍǡ LjǡȣȓȠǴȓȍǡ ǷǝǷȓȠǴȓȍǡ ǗǴȓȣǝȓȠǴȓȍǡ
ȌǡȌǖȣLjȍȓȠǴȓȍǡष LJƲǷ ǡȇǡǗȭȣȓȠǴȓȍǡा
<ǽDZǡǷȗƲǷǘ
ǷǘǯDZȚǷǘ ॲ:ƲΒƲ ƲȍƲȗॳ ॲ[ȚDZƲΒNjȐǡ eȗƲȍƲॳ NjǷǘ NjǷǘ ॲƲDZǡॳ
ǡǘNjȐNjǯष ǁǽǷȗǽǞǷΘƲ
ǡǘNjȐNjǯष ǁǽǷȗǽǞǷΘƲ
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǞǽDZǡȐȗǡǯ LJƲǷ ȐǡȐȗNjǶƲȗǡȐ ȊƲLJƲ ȐNjDZȚȍȚǞ ƲǯȗǡΑǡȗƲȐ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ ȊƲLJƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀȚǯƲष ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ǡǷȗǡष ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǷȚȗȚȊा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǬȚǘƲ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ
ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZष
ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ
ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡲ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
BNjǷǘǞƲȍǘƲǡ ȊNjȍǀNjLJƲƲǷ
ǀȚLJƲΘƲ LJƲǷ ȐNjDZNjȍƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ǽȍƲǷǘ DZƲǡǷ
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ƲǯȚȍƲȐǡ
ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ
BNjǷǘȚƲȐƲǡ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ
ǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ȚȐƲǞƲ ǯNjȍƲȐ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
bƲǀNjDZ ࡲाࡴ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ XNjϲNjǯȐǡ %ȚȍȚ
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶȊȍƲǯȗǡǯǯƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ
ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा :NjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ DZƲǡǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjȍǶƲȐȚǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯƲȗNjǘǽȍǡ LjǡȣȓȠǴȓȍǡष
ǷǝǷȓȠǴȓȍǡष ǗǴȓȣǝȓȠǴȓȍǡष ȌǡȌǖȣLjȍȓȠǴȓȍǡष LJƲǷ ǡȇǡǗȭȣȓȠǴȓȍǡ࢚
ࡳा bNjǯǷǡǯঃȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯा
ࡴा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ƲȗƲȚ ǀƲȍƲǷǘঃǀƲȍƲǷǘ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ
ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯा
bȰȂȰLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ࡲा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡǯƲǷ ǀȚǷΘǡ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡLJNjǷǘƲȍ LJƲǷ
ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ȊNjȍǶƲǡǷƲǷ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ॲȐȚǶǀNjȍ
ǀȚǷΘǡ LJƲǷ ǁƲȍƲ ǶNjǶǀȚǷΘǡǯƲǷॳ ǶNjǷǘǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ LJNjǷǘƲȍ ƲǯƲǷ ȐȚƲȍƲঃ
ȐȚƲȍƲ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍȐȚǶǀNjȍ LJƲȍǡ ƲDZƲǶष DZǡǷǘǯȚǷǘƲǷ ȐNjǯǡȗƲȍ ॲǷƲȗȚȍƲDZ ǀȚǷΘǡ LJƲǷ
NjDZNjǯȗȍǽǷǡǯॳ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȐNjǯȐƲǶƲा
ࡳा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗǡǷǘǯƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯƲDZǡȗƲȐ
ΘƲǷǘ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯƲǡLJƲǞঃǯƲǡLJƲǞ ǀȚLJƲΘƲा
ࡴा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjǯNjȍǬƲ ȐƲǶƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȐNjȐƲǶƲ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǘǯǽDZƲǀǽȍƲȐǡǯƲǷ
ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ ȚǷȐȚȍ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ
ǡǷLJƲǞा
BLjȭǡȣǷ Uȓȅȓȅ
%ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǯNjǷƲDZǯƲǷ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ
ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǶNjǶǀȚǷΘǡǯƲǷ ǀNjǷLJƲঃǀNjǷLJƲ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯा
%ȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶƲǡǷǯƲǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ DZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ
ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ǀNjǷLJƲঃǀNjǷLJƲ ȊNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष
ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷƲΘƲǷǘǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲȍǡ ǶƲȗNjȍǡঃ
ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΑǡLJNjǽ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀƲǞƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲΘƲƲǷ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷष
ǶƲȚȊȚǷ LJƲȍǡ ǀƲǞƲǷঃǀƲǞƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚा bȚǬȚƲǷǷΘƲ ƲǘƲȍ
ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȚǶȚǶ LJƲȍǡ ƲDZƲȗঃ
ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǯNjDZǽǶȊǽǯǯƲǷ ǀNjȍLJƲȐƲȍǯƲǷ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡǷΘƲ ॲLjǡȣȓȠǴȓȍǡ
ǷǝǷȓȠǴȓȍǡ ǗǴȓȣǝȓȠǴȓȍǡ ȌǡȌǖȣLjȍȓȠǴȓȍǡ ǝLjȍ ǡȇǡǗȭȣȓȠǴȓȍǡॳा
ƲȍƲঃǁƲȍƲ ȚǶȚǶ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǁƲȍƲश
ߛ bǷȰȠ
$ȇȰȭǡ BǡȍǷȰȠ $ȇȰȭǡ ࢘ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰΘࡱDZΝΝǀȐLJΘȗǽ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰࡸqࡷy$qs%Ƕǀǯ
ߟ bǡȅLjȍ
UǷLjȍȓ ߟ =LjȭǷǴLjȍ LjȦLjȣ ͕LjȍǮ ǖǷȅǷȍ UǡȌȰȇLj ǖǷȦLj ȌLjǷȍ UǷLjȍȓ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰbX~WLJࡲs=ࡺ<ǽઝǗNjƲȗȚȍNjਰΘǽȚȗȚाǀNj
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
ߜ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ /ȍȭǷ
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǀNjȍLJƲȐƲȍǯƲǷ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡ
ǶȚȐǡǯष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ ƲǬƲȍष ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ
ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡƲǬƲȍǯƲǷा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡDZƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǶƲȗǡ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ
ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲȍǡ ΑǡLJNjǽ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊȚȗƲȍ ǶƲȚȊȚǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ
ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ DZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡDZƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǶƲȗǡ ǁƲȍƲ ǶNjǶƲǡǷǯƲǷ
ǀNjǷLJƲঃǀNjǷLJƲ ȊNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZ ǀȚǷΘǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȚȗƲȍǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ΑǡLJNjǽ
ǶƲȚȊȚǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ DZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ
LJा UƲLJƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲ ƲȗƲȚ ȊƲLJƲ ȐƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ
ǯNjǶǀƲDZǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ φȇǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲLJƲ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ
LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ ȊƲȍȗǡȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷा
Njा [NjȗNjDZƲǞ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷƲΘƲǷǘƲǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍष
ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjȍNjϲNjǯȐǡǯƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ ȊƲLJƲ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ
ȊNjȍǶƲǡǷƲǷ ǶNjȍNjǯƲ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǡǷLJǡΑǡLJȚा
Ǘा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ȊNjȍȗƲǷΘƲƲǷ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǷȗȚ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǶNjȍNjϲNjǯȐǡǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡLJNjǷǘƲȍा
ǘा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘȚȗƲȍƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷLJƲȊƲȗǷΘƲ LJƲȍǡ ǞƲȐǡDZ ȍNjϲNjǯȐǡ
LJǡȍǡ ȐNjȗNjDZƲǞ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ
LJǡȗƲΘƲǷǘǯƲǷा
Ǟा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶȚȗƲȍ ǯNjǶǀƲDZǡ φȇǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲLJƲ LJƲDZƲǶ
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǞǽDZǡȐȗǡǯ LJƲǷ ȐǡȐȗNjǶƲȗǡȐ ȊƲLJƲ ȐNjDZȚȍȚǞ ƲǯȗǡΑǡȗƲȐ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ ȊƲLJƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀȚǯƲष ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ǡǷȗǡष ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǷȚȗȚȊा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǬȚǘƲ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ
ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZष
ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ
ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡲ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐǡǯƲȊ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡴ LJƲǷ ࡵ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
bƲǀNjDZ ࡲाࡵ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐȊNjǯ [ǡǯƲȊ
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
NjȍȐǡǯƲȊ ǶNjǷǘǞǽȍǶƲȗǡ
ǘȚȍȚ ȊƲLJƲ ȐƲƲȗ ǶƲȐȚǯ
ȐNjLJƲǷǘ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǡǷǘǘƲDZǯƲǷ
ǯNjDZƲȐ
NjȍLJǽƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯǞǡLJǶƲȗ
ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ƲǘƲǶƲ LJƲǷ
ǯNjȊNjȍǁƲΘƲƲǷǷΘƲ ǶƲȐǡǷǘঃ
ǶƲȐǡǷǘ
[ǡǯƲȊ ȐƲDZǡǷǘ ǶNjǶǀƲǷȗȚ
LJƲǷ ǀNjǯNjȍǬƲ ȐƲǶƲ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ LJǡȐǡȊDZǡǷ
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
NjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ
ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȚȐƲǞƲ ǯNjȍƲȐ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷष %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा bNjǯǷǡǯঃȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȚǶȚǶा
ࡳा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ƲȗƲȚ ǀƲȍƲǷǘঃǀƲȍƲǷǘ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯा
ࡴा bNjǯǷǡǯঃȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ǀNjǷLJƲঃǀNjǷLJƲ ȊNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZ
ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯा
bȰȂȰLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ࡲा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘNjDZƲǀǽȍƲȐǡ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ
ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ॲȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡ LJƲǷ ǁƲȍƲ ǶNjǶǀȚǷΘǡǯƲǷॳ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǁƲȍƲ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍȐȚǶǀNjȍ LJƲȍǡ ƲDZƲǶष
DZǡǷǘǯȚǷǘƲǷ ȐNjǯǡȗƲȍ ॲǷƲȗȚȍƲDZ ǀȚǷΘǡ LJƲǷ NjDZNjǯȗȍǽǷǡǯॳा
ࡳा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗǡǷǘǯƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯƲDZǡȗƲȐ
ΘƲǷǘ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯƲǡLJƲǞঃǯƲǡLJƲǞ ǀȚLJƲΘƲा
ࡴा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷNjȍƲȊǯƲǷ ǯǽǷȐNjȊ ǀNjȍȊǡǯǡȍ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯा
BLjȭǡȣǷ Uȓȅȓȅ
[NjȗNjDZƲǞ ȊƲȍƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ǶƲǶȊȚ ǶNjǶƲǡǷǯƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ
ȚǶȚǶ ȊƲLJƲ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡष ǶNjȍNjǯƲ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ
bƲǷLJƲ ǡȍƲǶƲश
<ǽǽȍLJǡǷƲȐǡ bȚǀȚǞ
[ǽȍƲǯ ,Njǡ
bNjȊȚǯ bƲǷǘƲǷ
<Ʋǯǡ <ǡȍǡ
<Ʋǯǡ <ƲǷƲǷ
<NjLJȚƲ <Ʋǯǡ
[ǽȍƲǯ ,Njǡ
bNjȊȚǯ bƲǷǘƲǷ
<Ʋǯǡ <ǡȍǡ
<Ʋǯǡ <ƲǷƲǷ
<NjLJȚƲ <Ʋǯǡ
<NjȗǡȊȚǷǘ
<NjǷLJƲǷǘ
bǡǗƲ
LJा UȍǽǘȍNjȐǡ ǞǽȍLJ
[NjDZƲǡǷ LJƲȍǡ ȊƲLJƲ ȚǷȐȚȍঃȚǷȐȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ƲǯƲǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǷΘƲȗƲ
ǶNjDZǡǞƲȗष ǶNjǷǘƲDZƲǶǡष LJƲǷ ǶNjȍNjϲNjǯȐǡǯƲǷ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ ǶNjȍNjǯƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡǯƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǘǯDZƲȐǡϯǯƲȐǡǯƲǷ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjȍǬƲLJǡ DZNjΒƲȗ ȊNjȍǡȐȗǡΒƲঃȊNjȍǡȐȗǡΒƲ ƲDZƲǶ LJǡ ȐNjǯǡȗƲȍ ǶNjȍNjǯƲा
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
ߜ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ /ȍȭǷ
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ǶNjǷǘNjǷƲǡ ȗNjǶȊǽष ǯNjȗȚǯƲǷष ȗƲǷLJƲ ǀǡȍƲǶƲष ȍǡȗǶNj LJƲǷ
ȐǡǷǯǽȊƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡDZƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ȐNjǯȐƲǶƲष ȐNjȍȗƲ ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡ ȗNjǶȊǽष ǯNjȗȚǯƲǷष ȗƲǷLJƲ ǀǡȍƲǶƲष ȍǡȗǶNj
LJƲǷ ȐǡǷǯǽȊƲȐǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊȚȗƲȍǯƲǷा
ǁा [ƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ ǶNjǷƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ
ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗNjǶƲ ȗNjǶȊǽष ǯNjȗȚǯƲǷष ȗƲǷLJƲ ǀǡȍƲǶƲष ȍǡȗǶNj LJƲǷ
ȐǡǷǯǽȊƲȐǡ LJƲȍǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡLJNjǷǘƲȍा UƲLJƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǯNjLJȚƲ ƲȗƲȚ ȊƲLJƲ ȐƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǯNjǶǀƲDZǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ φȇǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ
ƲLJƲ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ ȊƲȍȗǡȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷा
LJा [NjȗNjDZƲǞ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷƲΘƲǷǘƲǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍष
ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjȍNjϲNjǯȐǡǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǞǡLJȚȊƲǷ
ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȐNjǞƲȍǡঃǞƲȍǡा
Njा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ȊNjȍȗƲǷΘƲƲǷ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǷȗȚ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǶNjȍNjϲNjǯȐǡǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡLJNjǷǘƲȍ ǀNjȍȚȊƲश ঐƲǘƲǡǶƲǷƲ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ LJƲǷ
ǁƲȍƲ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲȍǡ ΑǡLJNjǽ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ LJǡDZǡǞƲȗि bNjǯǷǡǯ ƲȊƲǯƲǞ
ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǯȍNjƲȗǡǗि
Ǘा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘȚȗƲȍƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷLJƲȊƲȗǷΘƲ LJƲȍǡ ǞƲȐǡDZ ȍNjϲNjǯȐǡ
LJǡȍǡ ȐNjȗNjDZƲǞ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ
LJǡȗƲΘƲǷǘǯƲǷा
LJƲǷ ȐǡǷǯǽȊƲȐǡा
LJा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ ǶNjǷǘNjǷƲǡ ǶNjDZǽLJǡष ǡǷȗNjȍΑƲDZ ǷƲLJƲष ǞƲȍǶǽǷǡष LJƲǷ
Ʋǯǽȍा
Njा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǁƲȍǡ LJƲǷ
ǶNjǷǁǽǀƲ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǀNjǀƲȐ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍȗƲǷǘǘȚǷǘ ǬƲΒƲǀा [NjȗNjDZƲǞ
ǡȗȚ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJǡǶǡǷȗƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǁǽǀƲ ǶNjǶƲǡǷǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲा
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ ȇȭǡȣȍLjȭǷǭ
%ȚȍȚ LJƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȐƲDZǡǷǘ ǀNjȍǀƲǘǡ ȊNjǷǘƲDZƲǶƲǷ ƲǯƲǷ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ
ƲLJƲ LJǡ ȐNjǯǡȗƲȍ ǶNjȍNjǯƲष LJƲDZƲǶ ǯƲǡȗƲǷǷΘƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲDZƲǶƲǷ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯा %ȚȍȚ
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǞǽDZǡȐȗǡǯ LJƲǷ ȐǡȐȗNjǶƲȗǡȐ ȊƲLJƲ ȐNjDZȚȍȚǞ ƲǯȗǡΑǡȗƲȐ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ ȊƲLJƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀȚǯƲष ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ǡǷȗǡष ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǷȚȗȚȊा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǬȚǘƲ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ
ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZष
ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ
ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡲ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐǡǯƲȊ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡶ LJƲǷ ࡷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
bƲǀNjDZ ࡲाࡹ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐȊNjǯ [ǡǯƲȊ
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
NjȍȐǡǯƲȊ ǶNjǷǘǞǽȍǶƲȗǡ
ǘȚȍȚ ȊƲLJƲ ȐƲƲȗ ǶƲȐȚǯष
ȐNjLJƲǷǘ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǡǷǘǘƲDZǯƲǷ
ǯNjDZƲȐ
NjȍLJǽƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯǞǡLJǶƲȗ
ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ƲǘƲǶƲ LJƲǷ
ǯNjȊNjȍǁƲΘƲƲǷǷΘƲ ǶƲȐǡǷǘঃ
ǶƲȐǡǷǘ
[ǡǯƲȊ ȐƲDZǡǷǘ ǶNjǶǀƲǷȗȚ
LJƲǷ ǀNjǯNjȍǬƲ ȐƲǶƲ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ
ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘष ǶNjǷǘNjǷƲǡ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯा LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ
ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ NjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǀȚǷΘǡঃ
ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ LJǡȐǡȊDZǡǷ
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ
ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȚȐƲǞƲ ǯNjȍƲȐ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ ƲȗƲȐ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷष
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
bƲǀNjDZ ࡲाࡲࡱ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ XNjϲNjǯȐǡ %ȚȍȚ
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷा %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा XǡȗǶNj ॲȗNjǶȊǽष ǯNjȗȚǯƲǷष ȗƲǷLJƲ ǀǡȍƲǶƲष LJƲǷ ȐǡǷǯǽȊƲȐǡॳ
ࡳा CƲLJƲ ॲǶNjDZǽLJǡष ǡǷȗNjȍΑƲDZ ǷƲLJƲष ǞƲȍǶǽǷǡष LJƲǷ Ʋǯǽȍॳ
ࡴा bNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ࡵा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǁǽǀƲ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǯȍNjƲȗǡǗ ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ƲȗƲȚ ǀƲȍƲǷǘঃǀƲȍƲǷǘ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯा
bȰȂȰLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ࡲा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡǯƲǷ ǀȚǷΘǡ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡLJNjǷǘƲȍ LJƲǷ
ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ȊNjȍǶƲǡǷƲǷ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ॲȐȚǶǀNjȍ
ǀȚǷΘǡ LJƲǷ ǁƲȍƲ ǶNjǶǀȚǷΘǡǯƲǷॳ ǶNjǷǘǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ LJNjǷǘƲȍ ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ
ȐȚƲȍƲঃȐȚƲȍƲ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍȐȚǶǀNjȍ LJƲȍǡ ƲDZƲǶष DZǡǷǘǯȚǷǘƲǷ ȐNjǯǡȗƲȍ ॲǷƲȗȚȍƲDZ ǀȚǷΘǡ
LJƲǷ NjDZNjǯȗȍǽǷǡǯॳ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȐNjǯȐƲǶƲा
ࡳा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗǡǷǘǯƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯƲDZǡȗƲȐ
ΘƲǷǘ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯƲǡLJƲǞঃǯƲǡLJƲǞ ǀȚLJƲΘƲा
ࡴा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷNjȍƲȊǯƲǷ ǯǽǷȐNjȊ ǶƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯǽDZƲǀǽȍƲȐǡǷΘƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȚǷȐȚȍ ǘNjȍƲǯ LJƲǷ ȗƲȍǡा
ࡵा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjǯNjȍǬƲ ȐƲǶƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȐNjȐƲǶƲ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǘNjDZƲǀǽȍƲȐǡ
ǯȍNjƲȐǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǘNjȍƲǯ LJƲǷ ȗƲȍǡा
ࡶा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡȊNjȍȗƲǷǘǘȚǷǘǬƲΒƲǀǯƲǷ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍLJƲǶȊƲǯ ȊƲLJƲ LJǡȍǡ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡष ǽȍƲǷǘ DZƲǡǷष
LJƲǷ ƲDZƲǶ ȐNjǶNjȐȗƲा
UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ ȇȭǡȣȍLjȭǷǭ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjDZƲǬƲȍ LJƲȍǡ ǀȚLJƲΘƲ ȐNjȗNjǶȊƲȗ ƲȗƲȚ ǶȚȐǡǯঃǶȚȐǡǯ DZǽǯƲDZ
LJƲNjȍƲǞष ȐNjȍȗƲ ǀNjȍǘȚȍȚ ȊƲLJƲ ȐNjǷǡǶƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ DZǽǯƲDZ LJƲNjȍƲǞǷΘƲा
LjǴLjȍ UǡȍǮLj͕LjLjȍ eȭLjȌLj
ȠǷǗ Bǡǝȇǡ͕ ȓǭ /ȍǝȓȍǡȦǷLjȍ ȰȇȭȰȣǡȦ ǖ͕ ȇΤ͕ Xǡ͎
ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰxBࡶࡵȊ<ǯW[
bLjȍLjǴ Ƿȣ ࣐Ǘȓ͎ǡȣ࣑ ࣡ B ͔ %LjȌǡȇLjȍ ǖ͕ ȇΤ͕ Xǡ͎ ǭȭ࢚ ȣǷȦǷLj :ȓǝǷǡ ৾
ߜ %LjȦǷȭLj <LjȣLj͏ǷȭLjȍ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰǬeࡹǶेǗǞࡶXǘ
=LjǮȰ :Lj͏Lj x ȇǡǗȭȣȓȍǷǗ BȰȦǷǗ ǖ͕ ȇΤ͕ Xǡ͎ ǭȭ࢚ <ǡǗȰǖȰȍǮ [LjȅȭǷ
ߝ <LjȣLj͏ǷȭLjȍ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰ$$ࡵ%ࡴǡȗȊǯ
%LjȌǡȇLjȍ LjȇǷ ࣡ bLjǖȰǴ <ȣǡLjȦǷ eȭLjȣLj %ǷȣǷ ǡȦLj %ǡȦǷȍǮ
ߞ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰΗǗNjCWΝǡUઝȗਰࡴࡱࡸȐ
BȰȦǷȅ bȣLjǝǷȦǷȓȍLjȇ [LjȦLjȅ x BȰȦǷȅ Bȓǝǡȣȍ ࣐:LjȣǷǡȭȍǷȅLj࣑
ߟ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰࡸঃࡱ[ΑǷǘ
bLjȇǡȌȠȓȍǮ ȠǷ [Ƿȇȓȅǡȅ [ǷȂȰȍȂȰȍǮ ࣟ UǡȣȭȰȍȂȰȅLjȍ ȇLjȭ BȰȦǷȅ bȣLjǝǷȦǷȓȍLjȇ
ߠ BǷȍLjȍǮȅLjǖLjȰ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰǁCȚ<Νǀbxǯࡵ
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZष ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡸ LJƲǷ ࡹ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ
ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘष ǶNjǷǘNjǷƲǡ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ
ǶȚȐǡǯा LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ
ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ
ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ LJǡȐǡȊDZǡǷ
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ
ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȚȐƲǞƲ
ǯNjȍƲȐ
BNjǷΘƲǬǡǯƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ
ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯष
ǶNjǷƲȍǡǯष LJƲǷ ǯȍNjƲȗǡǗ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ ƲȗƲȐ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ
ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ
ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
Ʋǘǡ ȊƲȍƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȗǡǷǘǯƲȗ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ DZNjǀǡǞ LJƲǷ
ȗƲDZNjǷȗƲ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ
LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjȍNjǯƲ ȊǡDZǡǞ LJƲǷ ǶNjȍNjǯƲ ǯNjǞNjǷLJƲǯǡा %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷΘNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ ȊNjDZƲȗǡǞƲǷ ǶƲǷLJǡȍǡ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǁƲȍǡ LJȚǯȚǷǘƲǷ ȊNjDZƲȗǡǞ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀǡƲΘƲƲǷ ȐNjǯǽDZƲǞ ǶƲȚȊȚǷ LJƲȍǡ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ LJƲǷƲॅȊNjDZƲȗǡǞƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ
LJǡ DZȚƲȍ ȐNjǯǽDZƲǞा
eȂǷ <ȓȌȠǡȭǡȍȦǷ
4-(3
$*2/+.1?2( ADMSTJ RSQTJSTQ
FDMQD LTRHJ eǷǡȗ ࡳ ঃ ǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ NjǷȗȚǯ [ȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ %NjǷȍNj BȚȐǡǯ ࡷࡲ
eȍǷȭ ߜ
ǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ NjǷȗȚǯ [ȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ %ǡȍȣǡ BȚȐǡǯ
XNjǯǽǶNjǷLJƲȐǡ ƲDZǽǯƲȐǡ ΒƲǯȗȚ ࡹ Η ࡵࡶ ǶNjǷǡȗ
ǡȦȅȣǷȠȦǷ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
UƲLJƲ ȗƲǞƲȊ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ȚǷǡȗ ǯNjLJȚƲ ǡǷǡष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ DZNjǀǡǞ
DZȚƲȐ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ƲǯƲǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯा
NjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǯƲDZ ȊNjǷǘNjȗƲǞȚƲǷ ƲǯƲǷ ȚǷȐȚȍঃȚǷȐȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȊƲLJƲ ȚǷǡȗ ȐNjǀNjDZȚǶǷΘƲ ॲȚǷǡȗ ࡲॳष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǯNjǷƲDZǯƲǷ
ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯा NjǷǘƲǷ
ȊNjǷǘNjǷƲDZƲǷ LJƲǷ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ DZȚƲȐ ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ
ǶȚȐǡǯष ȊƲȍƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷNjȍƲȊǯƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǷLJƲDZƲǶ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ ॲȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ
Ǯǡȍȣǡॳा
UƲȍƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ ǯǽǶȊǽǷNjǷঃǯǽǶȊǽǷNjǷ LJƲȍǡ
ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ǗȍƲȐƲष ǶǽȗǡǗष ȗNjǶƲष LJƲǷ ǯƲLJNjǷȐƲा <ǽǶȊǽǷNjǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ǡǷǡ LJǡǀNjǷȗȚǯ ǀNjȍLJƲȐƲȍǯƲǷ ȚǷȐȚȍঃȚǷȐȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ǡȍƲǶƲ ॲȍǡȗǶNjष ȗNjǶȊǽष
ǯNjȗȚǯƲǷॳष ǶNjDZǽLJǡष ǞƲȍǶǽǷǡष LJƲǷ NjǯȐȊȍNjȐǡा [NjȗNjDZƲǞ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ǶNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ
ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯष ǶNjȍNjǯƲ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ
ǶƲǁƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश ǶȚȐǡǯ ǯDZƲȐǡǯष ǯǽǷȗNjǶȊǽȍNjȍष
BLjȭǡȣǷ Uȓȅȓȅ
NjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲȍǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐƲǷǘƲȗ LJǡȊNjǷǘƲȍȚǞǡ ǽDZNjǞ ǯNjȗNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ ƲǷȗƲȍ ȚǷȐȚȍঃ
ȚǷȐȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ǶNjǶǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȚƲȗȚ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǯǽǶȊǽȐǡȐǡ ǶȚȐǡǯा eǷȐȚȍঃȚǷȐȚȍ
LJƲȐƲȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjǶȊNjǷǘƲȍȚǞǡ ȗNjȍǀNjǷȗȚǯǷΘƲ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ǡȍƲǶƲ
ॲȍǡȗǶNjष ȗNjǶȊǽष ǯNjȗȚǯƲǷॳष ǶNjDZǽLJǡष ǞƲȍǶǽǷǡष LJƲǷ NjǯȐȊȍNjȐǡा eǷȐȚȍঃȚǷȐȚȍ LJƲȐƲȍ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ȐƲDZǡǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ȐNjǀȚƲǞ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ƲǯƲǷ ǶNjǶǀNjǷȗȚǯ
ȐNjǀȚƲǞ ǯǽǶȊǽǷNjǷ ǀƲȍȚ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjȍƲǷǘǯƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ DZNjǀǡǞ ǀNjȐƲȍष LJǡȐNjǀȚȗ
ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯा <ǽǶȊǽǷNjǷঃǯǽǶȊǽǷNjǷ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡ ǗȍƲȐƲष
ǶǽȗǡǗष ȗNjǶƲष LJƲǷ ǯƲLJNjǷȐƲा
UǡȣȦǷLjȠLjȍ UǡȍǮLjȂLjȣLjȍ
%ȚȍȚ ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ǞƲDZঃǞƲDZ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗ ǀNjDZƲǬƲȍ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ
ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘǡǷǘƲȗ ǯNjǶǀƲDZǡ ƲǯƲǷ ȚǷȐȚȍঃȚǷȐȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ NjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ eǷǡȗ ࡲा %ȚȍȚ ǞƲȍȚȐDZƲǞ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃ
ǁǽǷȗǽǞ DZƲǘȚ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲΘƲƲǷ
ǘȚȍȚा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶǡDZǡǞ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJǡ
DZȚƲȍ LJƲȍǡ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡा UNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ
LJƲǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ǞƲȍȚȐ LJǡȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ƲǷȗƲȍƲ DZƲǡǷश
ࡲा =ƲȊȗǽȊ
ࡳा DZƲȗ ǀƲǷȗȚ ƲȚLJǡǽ ॲȦȠǡLjȅǡȣॳ
ࡴा = UȣȓȂǡǗȭȓȣ
ࡵा BUࡴ ƲȗƲȚ ΑǡLJNjǽ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ DZƲǘȚ DZƲǡǷǷΘƲ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯा
ࡶा %ƲǶǀƲȍ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗNjǶƲ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯष ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷLJȚǯȚǷǘ
ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ǀNjȍȊǡǯǡȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ
Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ࡷा BNjLJǡƲ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ȊNjǷǘǘƲǷȗǡ ƲDZƲȗ ȍǡȗǶǡȐष ǁǽǷȗǽǞǷΘƲश
Ʋा ǽȗǽDZ ǯƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀǽȗǽDZ ȊDZƲȐȗǡǯ Njा UǽȗǽǷǘƲǷ ȊƲȍƲDZǽǷ LJǡƲǶNjȗNjȍ ࡴ ঁ ࡵ
ǀा ǶǀNjȍ ǀNjȐƲȍ ઝ ǯNjǁǡDZ ǡǷǁǡ
ǁा %ƲDZǽǷ Ʋǡȍ Ǘा LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷ
LJा UƲǷǁǡ LJƲǷ ΒƲǬƲǷ
ࡸा /ǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷ ȍǡȗǶǡȐष ǁǽǷȗǽǞǷΘƲश
Ʋा ǡǽDZƲ LJा ,ƲȍǶǽǷǡǯƲ
ǀा NjDZDZǽ Njा LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷ
ǁा %ǡȗƲȍ
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǞǽDZǡȐȗǡǯ LJƲǷ ȐǡȐȗNjǶƲȗǡȐ ȊƲLJƲ ȐNjDZȚȍȚǞ ƲǯȗǡΑǡȗƲȐ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ǀƲǡǯ ȊƲLJƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀȚǯƲष ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ǡǷȗǡष ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǷȚȗȚȊा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǬȚǘƲ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ
ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZष
ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ
ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡲ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZ ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡲ LJƲǷ ࡳ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
NjȍȐǡǯƲȊ ǶNjǷǘǞǽȍǶƲȗǡ
ǘȚȍȚ ȊƲLJƲ ȐƲƲȗ ǶƲȐȚǯ
ȐNjLJƲǷǘ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǡǷǘǘƲDZǯƲǷ
ǯNjDZƲȐा
BNjǷǘǞƲȍǘƲǡ ȊNjȍǀNjLJƲƲǷ
ǀȚLJƲΘƲ LJƲǷ ȐNjDZNjȍƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ǽȍƲǷǘ DZƲǡǷ
[ǡǯƲȊ ȐƲDZǡǷǘ ǶNjǶǀƲǷȗȚ
LJƲǷ ǀNjǯNjȍǬƲ ȐƲǶƲ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ
NjȍȊNjȍǡDZƲǯȚ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǀNjȍȊNjǷLJƲȊƲȗ LJƲǷ
ǀNjȍǯǽǶȚǷǡǯƲȐǡ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ
ȍNjϲNjǯȐǡ LJǡȍǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǶNjǷǬƲǘƲ
ȊNjȍȐƲȗȚƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ
ȐΘȚǯȚȍ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ bȚǞƲǷ
yƲǷǘ BƲǞƲ ȐƲ ƲȗƲȐ
ǯNjǀNjȍƲǘƲǶƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲLJƲ LJǡ
C<X/
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
bƲǀNjDZ ࡳाࡴा UNjLJǽǶƲǷ UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐȊNjǯ <NjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǯƲȗNjǘǽȍǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ
ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶȊȍƲǯȗǡǯǯƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ
ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा :NjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ DZƲǡǷ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡा
ࡳा bNjǯǷǡǯঃȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡा
ࡴा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǶǡǷƲȗǡा
UǷLjȍȓ ȓȍǗǡȣȭ
[ȚǶǀNjȍश ΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅǗȍƲǷǁNjǶȚȐǡȌȚNj ॲࡳࡱࡲࡹॳ
[NjDZƲǡǷ LJƲȍǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ ǗǽȍǶƲȐǡ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ
LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲȍǡ ǯƲȍΘƲঃǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡा
%ǡȍȣǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐƲǷǘƲȗ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡश
व BȚȐǡǯ ǯDZƲȐǡǯष
<DZƲȐǡǯ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǀƲȍƲȗ ǀNjȍLJƲȐƲȍǯƲǷ ΝƲǶƲǷǷΘƲ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǯNjDZǽǶȊǽǯǯƲǷ ǶNjǷǬƲLJǡ
ΝƲǶƲǷ UNjȍȗNjǷǘƲǞƲǷ ॲBǡǝǷǡ͎Ljȇ ȠǡȣǷȓǝॳष ΝƲǶƲǷ XNjǷƲǡȐƲǷȐ ॲXǡȍLjǷȦȦLjȍǗǡॳष
Ʋȍǽǯ ॲLjȣȓȢȰǡॳष <DZƲȐǡǯ ॲȇLjȦȦǷǗLjȇॳष XǽǶƲǷȗǡǯ ॲXȓȌLjȍȭǷǗॳष ǀƲLJ ǯNjঃࡳࡱ
ॲBȓǝǡȣȍॳष LJƲǷ ǀƲLJ ǯNjঃࡳࡲा
व BȚȐǡǯ <ǽǷȗNjǶȊǽȍNjȍ
ǽǷȗǽǞ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǯǽǷȗNjǶȊǽȍNjȍश ȊǽȊष ȍǽǁǯष ǬƲΝΝष ǀDZȚNjȐष Xઝष ǞǡȊ ǞǽȊष LJƲǷ
DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷ
व BȚȐǡǯ bȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ
[NjȊNjȍȗǡ %ƲǶNjDZƲǷष bNjǶǀƲǷǘ [ȚǷLJƲष %ƲǶǀƲǷǘ <ȍǽǶǽǷǘष %ǽǷǘ =ȚƲǷǘष
<ǽǶǀǡष [NjǷƲǷLJȚǷǘ :ǽDZǽष [ƲȐƲǷLJǽ %ǽǷǘष bƲǀȚǞ [ƲDZǡǶȊƲȗष <ƲȍƲǷǘ ǽLJǽȚष
LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷा
࢚ <ȓȍȭǡȌȠȓȣǡȣ
UȓȠ XLjǷȦLj ৾ /Ȧ͕LjȍLj ࣟ ȍǮLjȍȅȰ ȍǮLjȍȌȰ
ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰWXेǞyঃǷDZB
XȓǗȅ <ȓȭLjȅ ࣟ ǡȣLjȅȦǷ
ߜ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰȌǁࡹǗWǯǡƲ=B
:Lj͚͚ $ȣLjȍȅ [ǷȍLjȭȣLj ࣟ $ȇ͕ Bǡ bȓ bǴǡ Bȓȓȍ
ߝ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰyࡳȍǀࡵeȍࡳLJΒ
ȇȰǡȦ ࢚ <ǷȍǮ ࣟ bǴǡ bǴȣǷȇȇ ǷȦ %ȓȍǡ
ߞ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰ[ǘx[ǽǶUे$y
X ৾ /Ȧ͕LjȍLj [LjȣLjȦ͎LjȭǷ ࣟ <ǡǡȠ ǡǷȍǮ yȓȰ
ߟ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰȌΒCࡱࡲǬDZ[ࡹǁ
,ǷȠ࣡ǴȓȠ [Lj͕ȅȓȂǷ ࣟ :LjȇLjȍ ULjȍȂLjȍǮ
ߠ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰࡷX%ࡺsǽΘǽBǞB
࢚ bȣLjǝǷȦǷȓȍLjȇ
%LjȌǡȇLjȍ LjȇǷ
ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰes[Ț,ȐȚW
bǡȌǖLjȍǮ [ȰȍǝLj
ߜ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰȍǁB[$ƲWࡴǗǞࡵ
࢚ Cȓȍ࣡ȭȣLjǝǷȦǷȓȍLjȇ
<ǡȣȓȍǗȓȍǮ ǡȍǮLj͏Ljȍ [ȓȇȓ
ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰǁȐΘyΗe%ࡷXW/
LjȍǮǝȰȭ UǡȦȭLj ULjȍǡȍ
ߜ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰ%ǀ:ࡹǽNjࡸ,q
%LjȌǖȰȦ
ߝ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰΑeঃǽΝ/Θǀ
=LjȍǮǮLjȌ bLjȅ =ǡȇȓ =ǡǝȰȍǮ
ߞ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰ/<ΗxΝȌࡳȚ~xǘ
LjȌȠȰȣȦLjȣǷ =Lj͕LjȍǮ <LjȍǮǡȍ ǷǝǷ <ǡȌȠȓȭ
ߟ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰΝǽǗǷΒࡹȊ:Uࡱ
UǡȣȦǷLjȠLjȍ UǡȍǮLjȂLjȣLjȍ
%ȚȍȚ ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ǞƲDZঃǞƲDZ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗ ǀNjDZƲǬƲȍ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ
ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯा %ȚȍȚ ǞƲȍȚȐDZƲǞ
ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ DZƲǘȚ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲΘƲƲǷ ǘȚȍȚा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ LJƲȊƲȗ
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ࡲा <NjǘǡƲȗƲǷ UNjǶǀȚǯƲ
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǯƲȗNjǘǽȍǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ
ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǯƲȗNjǘǽȍǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ
ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǷǽǷঃ
ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǯƲȗNjǘǽȍǡ Ǯǡȍȣǡ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǯƲȗNjǘǽȍǡ Ǯǡȍȣǡ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ǷǽǷঃȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ
BNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ DZƲǷǘǯƲǞঃ
DZƲǷǘǯƲǞ LJƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ
Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ
BNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ DZƲǷǘǯƲǞঃ
DZƲǷǘǯƲǞ LJƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ
Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǷǽǷঃ
ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ΘƲǷǘ ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
bƲǀNjDZ ࡳाࡸ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ XNjϲNjǯȐǡ %ȚȍȚ
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा :NjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ DZƲǡǷ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ LJƲǷ ǷǽǷঃȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ
ࡳा bNjǯǷǡǯঃȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ
LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ࡴा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǶǡǷƲȗǡ
࢚ <ȓȍȭǡȌȠȓȣǡȣ
UǡȍȭLjȭȓȍǷ͔ ࣡ /ȌLjǮǷȍǡ
ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰC=ǡs$e:ࡺࡶ/
UǷLjȍȓ bȣǷȓ ࣡ yȓȰ XLjǷȦǡ Bǡ eȠ
ߜ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰࡺ,ǞΑΒsΗࡲǡȚȐ
࢚ bȣLjǝǷȦǷȓȍLjȇ
[ȓȰȍǝ bȣLjǗȅǡȣ ࣡ %LjȌǡȇLjȍ ࣐/ȍǝȓȍǡȦǷLj࣑
ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰes[Ț,ȐȚW
bǡȌǖLjȍǮ BȓǗȓȠLjȭ ࣡ ȰȣȌLj XLjȍǮȦLjȍǮ ࣡ ȠǡȇȓǮ ǖLjȣLjȍǮ
ߜ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰࡱ$ǞǬΒȍǘCǶेy
࢚ Cȓȍ࣡bȣLjǝǷȦǷȓȍLjȇ
ȓȍǝLjȍ ৾ $Ljǝǡ ߜ ȇLjǗȅ ࣡ <ȣȓȍǗȓȍǮ Uȣȓȭȓȇ
ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰΘNjǬ,=ǯȐǶƲy
<ȇLjȍȭǷȍȅ ࣡ LjȍǮȰȍ bǷǝȰȣ
ߜ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰǯ<ࡱqΘǁঃb/ࡵǘ
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZष ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡶ LJƲǷ ࡷ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐǡǯƲȊ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡶ LJƲǷ ࡷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
bƲǀNjDZ ࡳाࡹ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐȊNjǯ [ǡǯƲȊ
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ
ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ
ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊǡDZǡǞ
BNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ DZƲǷǘǯƲǞঃ
DZƲǷǘǯƲǞ LJƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ
Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ NjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ
ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊǡDZǡǞ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȚȐƲǞƲ ǯNjȍƲȐ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ΘƲǷǘ ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷा %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा BNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ DZƲǡǷ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ
LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ࡳा bNjǯǷǡǯঃȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ
LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ࡴा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǶǡǷƲȗǡा
BLjȭǡȣǷ Uȓȅȓȅ
%ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǯȍNjƲȗǡǗ LJƲȍǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ
ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀƲǞƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲΘƲƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ǶƲȚȊȚǷ
LJƲȍǡ ǀƲǞƲǷঃǀƲǞƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚा <ȍNjƲȗǡΑǡȗƲȐ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ ǡǷǡ
LJǡǞƲȍƲȊǯƲǷ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀƲǷȗȚ ǶNjǷǡǷǘǯƲȗǯƲǷ ǯȍNjƲȗǡΑǡȗƲȐ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǶNjǶǡDZǡǞ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍष Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯष ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯष ȐNjȍȗƲ ǀNjȍǯǽDZƲǀǽȍƲȐǡ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǘNjȍƲǯॅȗƲȍǡा NjǷǘƲǷ LJNjǶǡǯǡƲǷष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶƲȐȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjǶƲȗƲǷǘƲǷ
ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯǷΘƲा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ǬȚǘƲ LJǡǞƲȍƲȊǯƲǷ ǶNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ǯNjLJƲDZƲǶƲǷ
ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡȊǡDZǡǞ ॲǶȚȐǡǯ
ǯDZƲȐǡǯष ǯǽǷȗNjǶȊǽȍNjȍष ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZष ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǷǽǷȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZॳा [NjDZƲǷǬȚȗǷΘƲष
ǶNjȍNjǯƲ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǯǽDZƲǀǽȍƲȐǡǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀǡLJƲǷǘ ȐNjǷǡ ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ǯNjǡDZǶȚƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ DZƲǡǷष ȐNjǞǡǷǘǘƲ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ȐNjǷǡ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjǷƲȍǡǯ
LJƲǷ ǽȊȗǡǶƲDZा <NjǶȚLJǡƲǷष ȐNjȗNjDZƲǞ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲȗNjȍǡष ǶNjȍNjǯƲ
ǀǡȐƲ ǶNjǷƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷ ǞƲȐǡDZ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶNjȍNjǯƲ ΘƲǷǘ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ
LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊǡDZǡǞा
࢚ <ȓȍȭǡȌȠȓȣǡȣ
% ࣡ [ȰLjȣLj
ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰࡺCΒx%Wࡵǀǯy
ȅLj %ȰȦȭǷ͏LjȍLj ࣡ Bǡǝȇǡ͕ =LjǮȰ ȍLjȅ
ߜ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰǯΝࡶ<ȚǗȗࡸȊ
࢚ bȣLjǝǷȦǷȓȍLjȇ
bǴǡ XǡȦȓȍLjȍǗǡ ǴȓǷȣ ࣡ yLjȌȅȓ XLjȌǖǡ yLjȌȅȓ
ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰǗCqǗΗǶyeȍࡱ
࢚ Cȓȍ࣡bȣLjǝǷȦǷȓȍLjȇ
%LjȌǡȇLjȍ ǝLjȍ B ࣡ bLjȍLjǴ ǷȣȅȰ
ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰǬeࡹǶेǗǞࡶXǘ
UǡȣȦǷLjȠLjȍ UǡȍǮLjȂLjȣLjȍ
%ȚȍȚ ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ǞƲDZঃǞƲDZ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗ ǀNjDZƲǬƲȍ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ
ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯा %ȚȍȚ ǞƲȍȚȐDZƲǞ
ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ
LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲΘƲƲǷ ǘȚȍȚा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶǡDZǡǞ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJǡ DZȚƲȍ LJƲȍǡ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ
LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡा UNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǞƲȍȚȐ LJǡȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ƲǷȗƲȍƲ DZƲǡǷश
ࡲा =ƲȊȗǽȊ
ࡳा DZƲȗ ǀƲǷȗȚ ƲȚLJǡǽ ॲȦȠǡLjȅǡȣॳ
ࡴा = UȣȓȂǡǗȭȓȣ
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ǯǽǷLJȚȐǡǗ LJƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗNjȍȗǡǀ ȐNjȍȗƲ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJǡ ǯNjDZƲȐा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷLJȚǯȚǷǘ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा
ǁा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ
LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा
ߜ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ /ȍȭǷ
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ȊNjǷƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǯȍNjƲȐǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ
ǶȚȐǡǯष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ ƲǬƲȍा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡDZƲǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ȐNjǯȐƲǶƲष ȐNjȍȗƲ ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊȚȗƲȍǯƲǷा
ǁा [ƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ ǶNjǷƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ
ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗNjǶƲ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯǷΘƲष ΘƲǡȗȚ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ǯȍNjƲȐǡ
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
NjȍȐǡǯƲȊ ǶNjǷǘǞǽȍǶƲȗǡ
%ȚȍȚ ȊƲLJƲ ȐƲƲȗ ǶƲȐȚǯ
ȐNjLJƲǷǘ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǡǷǘǘƲDZǯƲǷ
ǯNjDZƲȐ
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ
ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘष ǶNjǷǘNjǷƲǡ
ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯा LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ǶNjǷƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ΘƲǷǘ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊǡDZǡǞ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ȚȐƲǞƲ ǯNjȍƲȐ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ %ȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ΘƲǷǘ ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷा %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा BNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ DZƲǡǷ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯȍNjƲȐǡ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ࡳा bNjǯǷǡǯঃȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯȍNjƲȐǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ
ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ࡴा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ ǯȍNjƲȐǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǀƲȍȚा
eȂǷ <ȓȌȠǡȭǡȍȦǷ
4-(3
,DMBHOS@J@M LTRHJ
RDCDQG@M@ eǷǡȗ ࡴ ঃ BNjǷǁǡȊȗƲǯƲǷ BȚȐǡǯ [NjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲ ࡲࡱࡶ
eȍǷȭ ߝ
BNjǷǁǡȊȗƲǯƲǷ BȚȐǡǯ [NjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲ
XNjǯǽǶNjǷLJƲȐǡ ƲDZǽǯƲȐǡ ΒƲǯȗȚ ࡹ Η ࡵࡶ ǶNjǷǡȗ
ǡȦȅȣǷȠȦǷ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
UƲLJƲ ȗƲǞƲȊ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ȚǷǡȗ ǯNjȗǡǘƲ ǡǷǡष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ǶNjǷǁǡȊȗƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲा UȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǷǁǡȊȗƲƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǡǷǡ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǷǘǯǽDZƲǀǽȍƲȐǡǯƲǷ ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ ǬNjǷǡȐ ǶȚȐǡǯ ॲΑǽǯƲDZ LJƲǷ
ǡǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷॳष ȗNjǯǷǡǯष LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯǽǷȗNjǯȐ ǀȚLJƲΘƲ LJƲǷ NjȍƲ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊǡDZǡǞा NjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǯƲDZ ȊNjǷǘȚƲȐƲƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǀƲǡǯष
ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯष ȐNjȍȗƲ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ ǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯॅ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ȊƲLJƲ ȚǷǡȗ ȐNjǀNjDZȚǶǷΘƲ
ॲȚǷǡȗ ࡲ LJƲǷ ࡳॳष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍǯƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǶNjǷǁǡȊȗƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲ
ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ȊƲȍƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷNjȍƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗॅȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘǽȍǯNjȐȗȍƲȐǡ ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ȐNjǀȚƲǞ ǯƲȍΘƲ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjǷƲȍǡǯा
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǯǽǷȐNjȊঃǯǽǷȐNjȊ LJƲȐƲȍ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǁǡȊȗƲǯƲǷ
ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲा UȍǽȐNjȐ ƲΒƲDZ ȊNjǷǁǡȊȗƲƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǡǷǡ LJǡǶȚDZƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
%ƲǶǀƲȍ ࡴाࡲ =NjǶǀƲȍ UNjȍǷΘƲȗƲƲǷ UNjǷǘƲǬȚƲǷ ,Ʋǯ ǡȊȗƲ BȚȐǡǯष qǡLJNjǽष LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷ
[ȚǶǀNjȍश ,NjǷȍΘ [ȚȐƲǷȗǽ UȍƲǷǽȗǽष ࡳࡱࡳࡱ
UǡȣȦǷLjȠLjȍ UǡȍǮLjȂLjȣLjȍ
%ȚȍȚ ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ǞƲDZঃǞƲDZ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗ ǀNjDZƲǬƲȍ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ
ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘǡǷǘƲȗ ǯNjǶǀƲDZǡ ƲǯƲǷ ȚǷȐȚȍঃȚǷȐȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ NjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ eǷǡȗ ࡲा %ȚȍȚ ǞƲȍȚȐDZƲǞ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ DZƲǘȚ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ
ȊNjǷǘƲΘƲƲǷ ǘȚȍȚा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶǡDZǡǞ
ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJǡ DZȚƲȍ LJƲȍǡ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ
ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡा UNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ǞƲȍȚȐ LJǡȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ƲǷȗƲȍƲ
DZƲǡǷश
ࡲा =ƲȊȗǽȊ
ࡳा DZƲȗ ǀƲǷȗȚ ƲȚLJǡǽ ॲȦȠǡLjȅǡȣॳ
ࡴा = UȣȓȂǡǗȭȓȣ
ࡵा BUࡴ ƲȗƲȚ ΑǡLJNjǽ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ DZƲǘȚ DZƲǡǷǷΘƲ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ࡶा %ƲǶǀƲȍ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗNjǶƲ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯष ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷLJȚǯȚǷǘ
ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ǀNjȍȊǡǯǡȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ
Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ࡷा ȚǯȚ ȗȚDZǡȐ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǁƲȗƲȗ ǡLJNj LJƲǷ ǘƲǘƲȐƲǷा
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ǶNjǷǘNjǷƲǡ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡƲǬƲȍǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǞǽDZǡȐȗǡǯ LJƲǷ ȐǡȐȗNjǶƲȗǡȐ ȊƲLJƲ ȐNjDZȚȍȚǞ ƲǯȗǡΑǡȗƲȐ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ ȊƲLJƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀȚǯƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ǡǷȗǡ ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǷȚȗȚȊा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǬȚǘƲ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ
ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZ
ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ
ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡲ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐǡǯƲȊ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡲ LJƲǷ ࡳ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗ
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ
ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘष ǶNjǷǘNjǷƲǡ
ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯा LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǯǽǷȐNjȊ LJƲȐƲȍ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǶNjǷǁǡȊȗƲǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲा
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ
Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ȊNjǶǀȚƲȗƲǷ ǡLJNjॅ
ǘƲǘƲȐƲǷ LJƲǷ ȊNjǶǡDZǡǞƲǷ
ǬNjǷǡȐष ǗǽȍǶƲȐǡष ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍष
Ǯǡȍȣǡष LJƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ
ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯा
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
BLjȭǡȣǷ Uȓȅȓȅ
UȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ǶNjǷǁǡȊȗƲ DZƲǘȚ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǶȚDZƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗƲǞƲȊƲǷ
ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǯǽǷȐNjȊ DZǡȍǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǷΘȚȐȚǷƲǷ LJƲǷ ȊNjǶǀȚƲȗƲǷ DZǡȍǡǯ DZƲǘȚा
ƲDZƲǶ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ǶNjǷǁǡȊȗƲ DZƲǘȚ ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲष ȊNjǶǡDZǡǞƲǷ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷΘȚȐȚǷƲǷ DZǡȍǡǯ
ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ǞƲDZ ΘƲǷǘ ȐƲǷǘƲȗ ȊNjǷȗǡǷǘ ȚǷȗȚǯ LJǡȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷा bNjǯȐॅDZǡȍǡǯ DZƲǘȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǬƲLJǡ ȐƲȍƲǷƲ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊȍNjȐǡǯƲǷ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ȊNjȍƲȐƲƲǷ ǶƲǷȚȐǡƲष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ǶƲȍƲǞष
ǀNjǷǁǡष ȍǡǷLJȚष ȐNjǷƲǷǘष ȐNjLJǡǞष ǘȚǷLJƲǞष ǯNjȊȚȗȚȐƲȐƲƲǷष ǞƲȍƲȊƲǷष LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲ ǡȗȚ ȐƲǷǘƲȗDZƲǞ ȊNjǷȗǡǷǘ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ
ȊNjǷȗǡǷǘǷΘƲ ǗȚǷǘȐǡ DZǡȍǡǯॅȗNjǯȐ LJƲDZƲǶ ȐNjǀȚƲǞ DZƲǘȚा [NjDZƲǷǬȚȗǷΘƲ ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ȊNjǷǁǡȊȗƲƲǷ DZǡȍǡǯॅ ȗNjǯȐ DZƲǘȚ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ ǀNjȍLJƲȐƲȍǯƲǷ ǗǽȍǶƲȗॅ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǷΘȚȐȚǷƲǷǷΘƲष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ȊǽDZƲ ȍǡǶƲ ष ष ष ष
ǯȍǽȐȗǡǯष ǀƲǡȗष LJƲǷ ǗǽȍǶƲȗ ǀNjǀƲȐॅǁNjȍǡȗƲ ॲȭǴȣȓȰǮǴ ǗȓȌȠȓȦǡǝॳा
bƲǀNjDZ ࡴाࡷ UNjǶǀƲǘǡƲǷ [ȚƲȍƲ NjȍǷΘƲǷΘǡ UȍǡƲ NjȍLJƲȐƲȍǯƲǷ XLjȍǮǡ [ȚƲȍƲ LJƲǷ sƲȍǷƲ [ȚƲȍƲ
[ȰLjȣLj sLjȍǷȭLj :ǡȍǷȦ࣡ȂǡȍǷȦ [ȰLjȣLj
bNjǷǽȍ =NjǘǘǡNjȍǽ ॲbNjǷǽȍ LJǡ ǘȍƲΝǡƲॳ
bNjǷǽȍ =ǡȍǡǯ
bNjǷǽȍ [ȊǡǷȗǽ
bNjǷǽȍ ॲ[ȚƲȍƲ bǡǷǘǘǡ UȍǡƲॳ bNjǷǽȍ ȍƲǶƲȗǡǯ
,NjDZLJNjǷȗNjǷǽȍ
BǽΝƲȍȗ
bNjǷǽȍ ȚϦǽ ॲ[ȠǷǡȇȭǡȍȓȣॳ
UǡȣȦǷLjȠLjȍ UǡȍǮLjȂLjȣLjȍ
%ȚȍȚ ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ǞƲDZঃǞƲDZ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗ ǀNjDZƲǬƲȍ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ
ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘǡǷǘƲȗ ǯNjǶǀƲDZǡ ƲǯƲǷ ȚǷȐȚȍঃȚǷȐȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ NjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ eǷǡȗ ࡲा %ȚȍȚ ǞƲȍȚȐDZƲǞ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ DZƲǘȚ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ
ȊNjǷǘƲΘƲƲǷ ǘȚȍȚा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶǡDZǡǞ
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
ߜ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ /ȍȭǷ
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǘƲDZǡ ȊNjǷǘNjǷƲDZƲǷ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷǘNjȗƲǞȚƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ
ȊNjǷΘȚȐȚǷƲǷ DZǡȍǡǯॅ ȗNjǯȐ DZƲǘȚा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǯǽǶȊǽȐǡȐǡ DZǡȍǡǯ LJƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΑǽǯƲDZष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ
ƲǬƲȍष ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡƲǬƲȍǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ȊNjǶǀȚƲȗƲǷ DZǡȍǡǯ DZƲǘȚ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ DZȚƲȐ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ ƲǬƲȍा
LJा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡDZƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ȐNjǯȐƲǶƲष ȐNjȍȗƲ ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊȚȗƲȍǯƲǷा
Njा [ƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ ǶNjǷƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ
ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗNjǶƲ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯǷΘƲष ΘƲǡȗȚ ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡǯƲǷ
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZ ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡴ LJƲǷ ࡵ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐǡǯƲȊ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡴ LJƲǷ ࡵ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
bƲǀNjDZ ࡴाࡸ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐȊNjǯ [ǡǯƲȊ
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǯȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ LJƲǷ
ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡ ΑǽǯƲDZा
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ
Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
BNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ DZƲǷǘǯƲǞঃ
DZƲǷǘǯƲǞ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǶNjǷǁǡȊȗƲǯƲǷ DZƲǘȚ
ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲा
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ǶNjǷǁǡȊȗƲǯƲǷ DZƲǘȚ
ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȚȐƲǞƲ
ǯNjȍƲȐा
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
NjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ LJƲǷ ǷǽǷ
ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȚȐƲǞƲ
ǯNjȍƲȐ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ %ȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ΘƲǷǘ ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ LJƲǷ ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡा
ࡳा bNjǯǷǡǯঃȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ LJƲǷ
ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡा
ࡴा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ ǯȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ LJƲǷ ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ǀƲȍȚ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǶǡǷƲȗǡा
BLjȭǡȣǷ Uȓȅȓȅ
UƲLJƲ ȗƲǞƲȊ ȊNjǷǁǡȊȗƲƲǷ ǽȍǯNjȐȗȍƲȐǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǶȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǯǽǶȊǽȐǡȐǡ ǶNjǷǘǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯा DZƲȗ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ǡǷǡ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍǗȚǷǘȐǡ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǡȍǡǷǘƲǷ ॲȊNjǷǘǡȍǡǷǘ DZƲǘȚॳ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǀNjȍȚȊƲƲǷȐƲǶǀNjDZǶȚȐǡǯषȐNjȊNjȍȗǡǶȚȐǡǯǽȍǯNjȐॲȓȣǗǴǡȦȭȣLjॳषǶȚȐǡǯǯƲǶƲȍॲǗǴLjȌǖǡȣ
ȌȰȦǷǗॳष ǗȓȌǖȓ ǖLjȍǝ ȠǷLjȍȓ ȭȣǷȓ ȠǷLjȍȓ ǗȓȍǗǡȣȭȓ LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷा <ǽǶȊǽȐǡȐǡ
ȊNjǶƲǡǷ LJƲǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǶƲǡǷǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ȐNjǀȚƲǞ ǯǽǶȊǽȐǡȐǡॅ
ǽȍǯNjȐȗȍƲȐǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐƲǷǘƲȗ ǶNjǶȊNjǷǘƲȍȚǞǡ LJƲΘƲ ȗƲȍǡǯ ȊNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍ LJƲǷ ǯȚƲDZǡȗƲȐ
ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ
ȗǡǷǘǯƲȗ ǯNjȐȚDZǡȗƲǷ LJƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjȍDZȚǯƲǷ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶƲǡǷǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲঃǯƲȍΘƲ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǀȚƲȗा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǘǘȚǷƲƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ
ǶȚȐǡǯष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǯDZƲȐǡǯष ǯǽǷȗNjǶȊǽȍNjȍष ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZष LJƲǷ ǷǽǷȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZष
LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȍǡǷǁǡƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
ࡲा <DZƲȐǡǯ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǀƲȍƲȗश ΝƲǶƲǷ UNjȍȗNjǷǘƲǞƲǷ ॲBǡǝǷǡ͎Ljȇ ȠǡȣǷȓǝॳष ΝƲǶƲǷ
XNjǷƲǡȐƲǷȐ ॲXǡȍLjǷȦȦLjȍǗǡॳष Ʋȍǽǯ ॲLjȣȓȢȰǡॳष <DZƲȐǡǯ ॲȇLjȦȦǷǗLjȇॳष XǽǶƲǷȗǡǯ
ॲXȓȌLjȍȭǷǗॳष ƲǀƲLJ ǯNjঃࡳࡱ ॲBȓǝǡȣȍॳष LJƲǷ ƲǀƲLJ ǯNjঃࡳࡲा
NjǷȗȚǯ =ƲǘȚ
[ƲȗȚ ƲǘǡƲǷ
ॲUNjȍǡǽLJNj ঃ Ʋ ǀॳ
NjǷȗȚǯ =ƲǘȚ
[ƲȗȚ ƲǘǡƲǷ
ॲUNjȍǡǽLJNj %ƲǷLJƲ
ঁ Ʋ Ʋও Ʋ Ʋওॳ
$DZȚȗNj
qǽǡǁNj
%ȚǡȗƲȍ
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǞǽDZǡȐȗǡǯ LJƲǷ ȐǡȐȗNjǶƲȗǡȐ ȊƲLJƲ ȐNjDZȚȍȚǞ ƲǯȗǡΑǡȗƲȐ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ ȊƲLJƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀȚǯƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ǡǷȗǡ ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǷȚȗȚȊा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǬȚǘƲ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ
ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZ
ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ
ǽDZNjǞ %ȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZ ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡶ LJƲǷ ࡷ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ƲǘƲȍ ǘȚȍȚ ǶƲǶȊȚ
ǶNjDZǡǞƲȗ ǯNjǶƲǶȊȚƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲा LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
bƲǀNjDZ ࡴाࡲࡳ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐȊNjǯ <NjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ
ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ
ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊǡDZǡǞ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
bƲǀNjDZ ࡴाࡲࡴ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ XNjϲNjǯȐǡ %ȚȍȚ
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷा %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा bNjǯǷǡǯঃȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ ॲǯǽǷȐNjȍΑƲȗǡǗॳष ǶǽLJNjȍǷष LJƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ
ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ NjǯȐȊNjȍǡǶNjǷȗƲDZा
ࡳा bNjǯǷǡǯঃȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ ǀƲȍȚ LJƲDZƲǶ ǶNjǶƲǡǷǯƲǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ LJƲǷ ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡा
ࡴा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ ǯȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ LJƲǷ ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ǀƲȍȚ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǶǡǷƲȗǡा
UǡȣȦǷLjȠLjȍ UǡȍǮLjȂLjȣLjȍ
%ȚȍȚ ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ǞƲDZঃǞƲDZ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗ ǀNjDZƲǬƲȍ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ
ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯा %ȚȍȚ ǞƲȍȚȐDZƲǞ
ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ ȗNjȍDZNjǀǡǞ LJƲǞȚDZȚ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ DZƲǘȚ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷष ǶƲȗNjȍǡঃǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲΘƲƲǷ ǘȚȍȚष
ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǀƲǞƲǷঃǀƲǞƲǷ DZƲǡǷǷΘƲ LJǡ DZȚƲȍ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ǡǷǡ ΘƲǷǘ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ॲȍNjǗNjȍNjǷȐǡ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍॳा UNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ LJƲǷ
ǶNjLJǡƲ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ǞƲȍȚȐ LJǡȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ƲǷȗƲȍƲ DZƲǡǷश
ࡲा =ƲȊȗǽȊ
ࡳा DZƲȗ ǀƲǷȗȚ ƲȚLJǡǽ ࣐ȦȠǡLjȅǡȣॳ
ࡴा = UȣȓȂǡǗȭȓȣ
ࡵा BUࡴ ƲȗƲȚ ΑǡLJNjǽ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ DZƲǘȚ DZƲǡǷǷΘƲ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ƲDZƲǶा
ࡶा %ƲǶǀƲȍ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗNjǶƲ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ȚǶȚǶ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ
ǶȚȐǡǯष ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷLJȚǯȚǷǘ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ǀNjȍȊǡǯǡȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ƲǯƲǷ
ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯा
ࡷा BNjLJǡƲ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ȊNjǷǘǘƲǷȗǡ ƲDZƲȗ ȍǡȗǶǡȐष ǁǽǷȗǽǞǷΘƲश
Ʋा ǽȗǽDZ ǯƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀǽȗǽDZ UDZƲȐȗǡǯ ॲȚǯȚȍƲǷ ǯNjǁǡDZष ȐNjLJƲǷǘष LJƲǷ ǀNjȐƲȍॳ
ǀा ǶǀNjȍॅǘƲDZǽǷ Ʋǡȍ ॲȚǯȚȍƲǷ ǯNjǁǡDZष ȐNjLJƲǷǘष LJƲǷ ǀNjȐƲȍॳ
ǁा UƲǷǁǡ LJƲǷ ΒƲǬƲǷ
LJा UǽȗǽǷǘƲǷ ȊƲȍƲDZǽǷ ॲLJǡƲǶNjȗNjȍ ࡴ ঁ ࡵ ǡǷǁǡष ࡶঃࡹ ǡǷǁǡष LJƲǷ LJǡ ƲȗƲȐ
LJǡƲǶNjȗNjȍ ࡺ ǡǷǁǡॳ
Njा LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷ
ࡸा DZƲȗ ȊNjǶȚǯȚDZ ȍǡȗǶǡȐष ǁǽǷȗǽǞǷΘƲश
Ʋा BƲǁƲǶঃǶƲǁƲǶ ȦȭǷǗȅ LJȍȚǶश ǯƲΘȚष LJा [NjǷLJǽǯ LJƲǷ ǘƲȍȊȚ
ǷǡDZǽǷष ǖȣȰȦǴ ȌLjȇȇǡȭ ǖȰȍǝȇǡ ǡ࢚ UǷǗȅ ǘǡȗƲȍ
ƲDZȗNjȍǷƲȗǡǗ Ȑȗǡǁǯ LJȍȚǶ ॲȦ͕ȍȭǴǡȭǷǗॳ Ǘा ǽΒ ǀǡǽDZƲ ॲǀNjȍǶƲǁƲǶঃǶƲǁƲǶ
ǀा DZƲȗ ȊNjǶȚǯȚDZ ȊNjȍƲDZǽǷ LJƲȍǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ ȚǯȚȍƲǷॳ
ǯƲȍNjȗ ॲȍƲǯNjȗ ȗNjǷǡȐ ǶNjǬƲॳ ǘा LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷ
ǁा DZƲȗ ȊNjǶȚǯȚDZ LJƲȍǡ ǀNjȐǡॅ DZǽǘƲǶ
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
ߜ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ /ȍȭǷ
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǷƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǯȍNjƲȐǡ
ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ȊƲȍƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȗNjȍȊNjȍǡǷǁǡ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷLJƲDZƲǶ
ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ ƲǬƲȍा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡDZƲǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ȐƲǯȐƲǶƲष ȐNjȍȗƲ ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊȚȗƲȍǯƲǷा
ǁा [ƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ ǶNjǷƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ
ǡǷȐȊǡȍƲȗǡǗ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǞȚǀȚǷǘƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȊNjǷƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǯȍNjƲȐǡ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯा
,ƲDZ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶȚLJƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ LJƲǷ
ǶNjǷǘƲǷƲDZǡȐǡȐ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡLJNjǷǘƲȍा UƲLJƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष
ȊƲLJƲ ȐƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǯNjǶǀƲDZǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ φȇǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲLJƲ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ ȊƲȍȗǡȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ
LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷा
LJा [NjȗNjDZƲǞ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷƲΘƲǷǘƲǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍष
ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjȍNjϲNjǯȐǡǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǞǡLJȚȊƲǷ
ȐNjǞƲȍǡঃǞƲȍǡा
Njा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ȊNjȍȗƲǷΘƲƲǷ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǷȗȚ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǶNjȍNjϲNjǯȐǡǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡLJNjǷǘƲȍा
Ǘा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘȚȗƲȍƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷLJƲȊƲȗǷΘƲ LJƲȍǡ ǞƲȐǡDZ ȍNjϲNjǯȐǡ
LJǡȍǡ ȐNjȗNjDZƲǞ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ
LJǡȗƲΘƲǷǘǯƲǷा
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZ ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡸ LJƲǷ ࡹ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐǡǯƲȊ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡸ LJƲǷ ࡹ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ƲǘƲȍ ǘȚȍȚ ǶƲǶȊȚ
ǶNjDZǡǞƲȗ ǯNjǶƲǶȊȚƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲा LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
BNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷΘƲǬǡƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ
ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷƲȍǡǯ
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ȊNjǷΘȚȐȚǷƲǷ ǯȍNjƲȐǡ
ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ȚȐƲǞƲ ǯNjȍƲȐ
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ȊNjǷΘƲǬǡƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȚȐƲǞƲ ǯNjȍƲȐ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
bƲǀNjDZ ࡴाࡲࡷ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ XNjϲNjǯȐǡ %ȚȍȚ
eȂǷ <ȓȌȠǡȭǡȍȦǷ
ǡȦȅȣǷȠȦǷ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
UƲLJƲ ȗƲǞƲȊ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ȚǷǡȗ NjǶȊƲȗ ǡǷǡष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡȊƲǷLJȚ ǽDZNjǞ
ǘȚȍȚ ȚǷȗȚǯ DZNjǀǡǞ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ LJƲȍǡ
ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍNjǷǁƲǷƲƲǷ ȐƲǶȊƲǡ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯा
NjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjȍǀNjǯƲDZ ǯNjǶƲǶȊȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǀȚǷΘǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǶȚȐǡǯ ॲȚǷǡȗ
ࡲॳष ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ॲȚǷǡȗ ࡳॳष
LJƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲDZƲǶƲǷ ǶNjǷǁǡȊȗƲǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲ ॲȚǷǡȗ ࡴॳष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡǀNjǯƲDZǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯNjǶƲǶȊȚƲǷ ǶƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǶNjǶǀȚƲȗ
ȐȚƲȗȚ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjǷƲȍǡǯ LJƲǷ ǽȊȗǡǶƲDZा NjǷǘƲǷ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗष ȊƲȍƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷNjǷȗȚǯƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷा UNjǶǡDZǡǞƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǶNjǶȊNjȍȗǡǶǀƲǷǘǯƲǷ ǬNjǷǡȐ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡǶƲǡǷǯƲǷष ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ǶNjǷǘNjǷƲǡ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡƲǬƲȍǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
ߜ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ /ȍȭǷ
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ <ǽǷȐNjȊ BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ eǶȚǶ LJƲǷ ǗȚǷǘȐǡ BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ
ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȚǶȚǶा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ ȊNjǷNjȍƲȊƲǷ ǶƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ
ȚǶȚǶ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǞǡLJȚȊƲǷ ȐNjǞƲȍǡঃǞƲȍǡा
ǁा [NjȗNjDZƲǞ ȊNjǷƲΘƲǷǘƲǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍ ǁǽǷȗǽǞष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjȍNjϲNjǯȐǡǯƲǷ ȊNjǷNjȍƲȊƲǷ ǶƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǞǡLJȚȊƲǷ ȐNjǞƲȍǡঃ
ǞƲȍǡा
LJा UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘȚȗƲȍƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷLJƲȊƲȗǷΘƲ LJƲȍǡ ǞƲȐǡDZ ȍNjϲNjǯȐǡ LJǡȍǡ
ȐNjȗNjDZƲǞ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ȊNjǷNjȍƲȊƲǷ ǶƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷा
Njा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷƲΘƲǷǘǯƲǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ȊNjǷNjȍƲȊƲǷ ǶƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ
ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȚǶȚǶा
Ǘा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ǶNjǷǘNjǷƲǡ ǯǽǷȐNjȊ LJƲǷ ǗȚǷǘȐǡ
ǶƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȗNjȍƲȊǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲLJƲ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǁǽǷȗǽǞा
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ƲǘƲȍ ǘȚȍȚ ǶƲǶȊȚ
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǘNjȍȗǡƲǷ <ǽǷȐNjȊ
BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ eǶȚǶ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ $ȚǷǘȐǡ
BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȚǶȚǶ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǘNjȍȗǡƲǷ
BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǯƲǡȗƲǷǷΘƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ BȚȐǡǯ
ॲBƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ
UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷॳ
BƲǶȊȚ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ
ȊNjǷǘƲDZƲǶƲǷ BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ
LJƲDZƲǶ ǯƲǡȗƲǷǷΘƲ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ
BȚȐǡǯ ॲBƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ
UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷॳ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶȊȍƲǯȗǡǯǯƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ
ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा :NjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ DZƲǡǷ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡा
ࡳा bNjǯǷǡǯঃȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡा
ࡴा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǶǡǷƲȗǡा
BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ [ȚƲȍƲ
ॲqȓǗLjȇ BLjȍLjǮǡȌǡȍȭॳ
BLjȭǡȣǷ Uȓȅȓȅ
%ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǯNjǷƲDZǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȊƲLJƲ ǞƲDZ ȊNjǷǘNjDZǽǶȊǽǯƲǷ ȐȚƲȍƲ
ǶƲǷȚȐǡƲ ॲ͎ȓǗLjȇॳ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȚǶȚǶ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȊNjǶǀƲǘǡƲǷ ȐȚƲȍƲ ȊȍǡƲ LJƲǷ ȐȚƲȍƲ
ΒƲǷǡȗƲा [ȚƲȍƲ ǶƲǷȚȐǡƲ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǀƲǘǡ ǶNjǷǬƲLJǡ ȐȚƲȍƲ ȗǡǷǘǘǡ ΒƲǷǡȗƲ ॲ[ঃȐǽȊȍƲǷǽॳष
ȐȚƲȍƲ ȍNjǷLJƲǞ ΒƲǷǡȗƲ ॲঃƲDZȗǽॳष ȐȚƲȍƲ ȗǡǷǘǘǡ ȊȍǡƲ ॲbঃȗNjǷǽȍॳष LJƲǷ ȐȚƲȍƲ ȍNjǷLJƲǞ
ȊȍǡƲ ॲঃǀƲȐȐॳा :ƲȍƲǯ ȗǡǷǘǘǡঃȍNjǷLJƲǞ ǷƲLJƲ ǶNjǷΘƲǷΘǡ ȊƲLJƲ ȐNjȗǡƲȊ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ȐȚƲȍƲ
ॲ[ॅॅbॅॳ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ [ǽȊȍƲǷǽ ॲࡵঃ%ࡶॳष DZȗǽ ॲ%ࡴঃࡶॳष bNjǷǽȍ ॲࡴঃ%ࡵॳष ƲȐȐ
ॲ%ࡳঃࡶॳा UNjǷǽȗƲȐǡƲǷ ǬƲȍƲǯ ǷƲLJƲ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZǡǞƲȗ ȊƲLJƲ ǘƲǶǀƲȍ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
UǡȣȦǷLjȠLjȍ UǡȍǮLjȂLjȣLjȍ
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZष ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡴ LJƲǷ ࡵ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐǡǯƲȊ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ
ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡴ LJƲǷ ࡵ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा LJƲȊȚǷ
ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ %ȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǘNjȍȗǡƲǷ <ǽǷȐNjȊ
BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ eǶȚǶ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ $ȚǷǘȐǡ
BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȚǶȚǶ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǘNjȍȗǡƲǷ
BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǯƲǡȗƲǷǷΘƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ BȚȐǡǯ
ॲBƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ
UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷॳ
BƲǶȊȚ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ
ȊNjǷǘƲDZƲǶƲǷ BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ
LJƲDZƲǶ ǯƲǡȗƲǷǷΘƲ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ
BȚȐǡǯ ॲBƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ
UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷॳ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ %ȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ΘƲǷǘ ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा NjȍǶƲǁƲǶঃǶƲǁƲǶ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǷΘƲǷΘǡ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ
Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ࡳा NjȍǶƲǁƲǶঃǶƲǁƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǷǘƲȗȚȍƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ LJƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ΑǽǯƲDZा
ࡴा UNjǷǘǯǽDZƲǀǽȍƲȐǡƲǷ ΑǽǯƲDZ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀǡLJƲǷǘঃǀǡLJƲǷǘ ȐNjǷǡ ΘƲǷǘ DZƲǡǷ
ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǯȍNjƲȗǡǗ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍȗƲǷǘǘȚǷǘ ǬƲΒƲǀा
BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ /ǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷ
ॲ/ȍȦȭȣȰȌǡȍȭ BLjȍLjǮǡȌǡȍȭॳ
Ȱȍ͕Ƿ࣡BȰȦǷȅ [ȰLjȣLj
ȇLjȭ BȰȦǷȅ
[ǽȊȍƲǷǽ DZȗǽ bNjǷǽȍ ƲȐȐ
HȣȅǡȦȭȣLj
ȇLjȭ BȰȦǷȅ %ǡȦǡȅ ǡǽDZƲ ǡǽDZƲ DZȗǽ NjDZDZǽ ǽǷȗȍƲ ƲȐȐ
[NjȍȚDZǡǷǘ ঃ
ȇLjȭ BȰȦǷȅ bǷȰȠ <Lj͕Ȱ HǀǽNj DZƲȍǡǷNjȗ ƲȐȐǽǽǷ
$DZȚȗNj
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȊNjȍDZȚ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘNjȗƲǞȚǡ ǬƲȍƲǯ ȗNjȍȗǡǷǘǘǡ LJƲǷ ȗNjȍNjǷLJƲǞ ǷƲLJƲ
ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǶƲǡǷǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ȐNjȗǡƲȊ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯा NjǷǘƲǷ ȊNjǷǘNjȗƲǞȚƲǷ ƲǯƲǷ
ΒƲȍǷƲ ȐȚƲȍƲ LJƲǷ ǯƲȊƲȐǡȗƲȐ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǷƲLJƲ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗष ǶƲǯƲ ǶƲǷƲǬNjȍ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ
LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘǽȍǘƲǷǡȐǡȍ ȐȚƲȗȚ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǡǷLJƲǞ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷƲȍǡǯा
NjǷǘƲǷ ǯNjȍƲǘƲǶƲǷ ǬƲȍƲǯ ǷƲLJƲ LJƲǷ ΒƲȍǷƲ ǷƲLJƲ ॲȗNjǀƲDZঃȗǡȊǡȐ LJƲǷ ǘNjDZƲȊঃȗNjȍƲǷǘॳष
ǶƲǯƲ ǯNjǡǷLJƲǞƲǷ ǞƲȍǶǽǷǡ LJƲȊƲȗ ȗNjȍǁǡȊȗƲ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȗNjȍȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍा NjǷǘƲǷ ƲLJƲǷΘƲ
ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯॅȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗष ǶƲǯƲ ǶƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ
ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȚȗƲǶƲ ǡǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷष ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǷNjǷȗȚǯƲǷ ȐȚȐȚǷƲǷ DZNjȗƲǯ
ȗNjǶȊƲȗ LJȚLJȚǯ ȊƲȍƲ ȊNjǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ ǀNjȍLJƲȐƲȍǯƲǷ ǡǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǶƲǡǷǯƲǷा ǽǷȗǽǞ LJƲȍǡ ȊǽȐǡȐǡ ȗNjǶȊƲȗ LJȚLJȚǯ ȊNjǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZǡǞƲȗ
ȊƲLJƲ ǘƲǶǀƲȍ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
UǡȣȦǷLjȠLjȍ UǡȍǮLjȂLjȣLjȍ
%ȚȍȚ ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ǞƲDZঃǞƲDZ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗ ǀNjDZƲǬƲȍ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ
ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯा %ȚȍȚ ǞƲȍȚȐDZƲǞ
ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ ȗNjȍDZNjǀǡǞ LJƲǞȚDZȚ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ DZƲǘȚ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷष ǶƲȗNjȍǡঃǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲΘƲƲǷ ǘȚȍȚष
ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǀƲǞƲǷঃǀƲǞƲǷ DZƲǡǷǷΘƲ LJǡ DZȚƲȍ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ǡǷǡ ΘƲǷǘ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ॲȍNjǗNjȍNjǷȐǡ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍॳा UNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ LJƲǷ
ǶNjLJǡƲ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ǞƲȍȚȐ LJǡȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ƲǷȗƲȍƲ DZƲǡǷश
[LjȠǡ e͕LjȰ ࣡ e͕LjȰ BȓȣǷȦ ࣈHψǗǷLjȇ qǷǝǡȓࣉ Lj͕Ljȅ <ǡȍ͕LjǴࢡHȣLjȍǮ eȇȰ [ȓȍǮ
ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰࡹ$=/ࡵǀȗǘΑ/
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
ߜ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ /ȍȭǷ
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǀNjȐNjȍȗƲ ȐǡȐȗNjǶ
ȊNjǷǘNjDZǽǶȊǽǯƲǷǷΘƲ LJƲDZƲǶ ǘȍȚȊ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗा %ȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ ǶNjǶƲȊƲȍǯƲǷ
ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǷǘǽȍǘƲǷǡȐƲȐǡƲǷ ǡǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷ ǀNjȍLJƲȐƲȍǯƲǷ ǬNjǷǡȐ ȍȚǶȊȚǷ ƲDZƲȗ
ǶȚȐǡǯǷΘƲा ,ƲDZ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ƲǘƲȍ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀƲǷȗȚ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ
ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍ ǞƲȍǶǽǷǡ ȐNjǬNjǷǡȐ ΘƲǷǘ ǡǷLJƲǞष ǁǽǷȗǽǞǷΘƲ ॲǀǡǽDZƲࡲष
ǀǡǽDZƲ ࡳष ǀǡǽDZƲ ƲDZȗǽष LJƲǷ ǁNjDZDZǽॳा %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚȗƲȍǯƲǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ ǶNjǷǘNjǷƲǡ
ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ΘƲǷǘ ƲLJƲ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ
ƲǬƲȍा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡDZƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǁǽǀƲ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃ
ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯॅȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȐNjǯȐƲǶƲष
ȐNjȍȗƲ ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡ ȐȚƲȍƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲȍǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǶƲǡǷǯƲǷा
ǁा [ƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ ǶNjǷƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍ ƲȗƲȚ ȊȚǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ ΘƲǷǘ
ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗNjǶƲ ǶȚȐǡǯǷΘƲष ΘƲǡȗȚ ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ǶƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ ǡǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷा ,ƲDZ
ǡǷǡ ǶNjǷǁƲǯȚȊ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǷΘƲǷΘǡ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡLJNjǷǘƲȍॅ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡा UƲLJƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ NjǷƲǶ ƲȗƲȚ
ȊƲLJƲ ȐƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǯNjǶǀƲDZǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ φȇǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲLJƲ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ
ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ ȊƲȍȗǡȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷा
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZष ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡶ LJƲǷ ࡷ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐǡǯƲȊ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ
ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡶ LJƲǷ ࡷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ
ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ƲǘƲȍ ǘȚȍȚ ǶƲǶȊȚ
ǶNjDZǡǞƲȗ ǯNjǶƲǶȊȚƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲा LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǬNjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡLJNjǷǘƲȍ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ǀƲȗƲȐƲǷ ǷƲLJƲ ȗǡǷǘǘǡॅ
ȍNjǷLJƲǞ LJƲȍǡ ȐNjȗǡƲȊ
ǯƲȗNjǘǽȍǡ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǯǽǷȐNjȊঃǯǽǷȐNjȊ
ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ǡǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷ
BNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ DZƲǷǘǯƲǞঃ
DZƲǷǘǯƲǞ LJƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ
ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷा %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा NjȍǶƲǁƲǶঃǶƲǁƲǶ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ
LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ࡳा NjȍǶƲǁƲǶঃǶƲǁƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǷǘƲȗȚȍƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ LJƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ǡǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷ
ࡴा UNjǷǘǯǽDZƲǀǽȍƲȐǡƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǡǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀǡLJƲǷǘঃǀǡLJƲǷǘ ȐNjǷǡ ΘƲǷǘ
DZƲǡǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǯȍNjƲȗǡǗ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍȗƲǷǘǘȚǷǘ ǬƲΒƲǀा
BLjȭǡȣǷ Uȓȅȓȅ
[NjȗNjDZƲǞ ǡLJNj ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJǡȍƲǷǁƲǷǘ LJƲǷ LJǡȐNjȗȚǬȚǡ ǽDZNjǞ ȐNjDZȚȍȚǞ
ƲǷǘǘǽȗƲष ȗNjȍLJƲȊƲȗ DZƲǷǘǯƲǞ ȊNjǷȗǡǷǘ ȐNjDZƲǷǬȚȗǷΘƲ ΘƲǷǘ ȊNjȍDZȚ LJǡǯNjȗƲǞȚǡ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ
LJǡLJǡǯ ǘȚǷƲ ǶNjǷȐȚǯȐNjȐǯƲǷ ȊNjǷΘNjDZNjǷǘǘƲȍƲƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷा ,ƲDZ ȊNjǷȗǡǷǘ LJƲDZƲǶ
ȊNjǷΘNjDZNjǷǘǘƲȍƲƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ LJȚǯȚǷǘƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ ȊǡǞƲǯा
ȚǯȚǷǘƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍȚȊƲ LJȚǯȚǷǘƲǷ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ LJƲΘƲ ǶƲǷȚȐǡƲ
ǶƲȚȊȚǷ LJȚǯȚǷǘƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡा NjǷȗȚǯ LJȚǯȚǷǘƲǷ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ LJƲΘƲ ǶƲǷȚȐǡƲ ॲ[Bॳ
LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍȚȊƲ ǯNjǡǯȚȗȐNjȍȗƲƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjȊƲǷǡȗǡƲƲǷ ƲȗƲȚ ȊNjǷƲǶȊǡDZ ॲȠǡȣǭȓȣȌǡȣॳ
LJƲȍǡ ȐNjǀȚƲǞ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯा [NjLJƲǷǘǯƲǷ LJȚǯȚǷǘƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍȐǡǗƲȗ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ
LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍȚȊƲ LJƲǷƲ ॲǭȰȍǝǷȍǮॳष ǡΝǡǷ ȊNjǷΘNjDZNjǷǘǘƲȍƲƲǷष DZǽǯƲȐǡ ॲ͎ǡȍȰǡॳष LJƲǷ
ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ ȊȍǽȊNjȍȗǡ ȊNjǷLJȚǯȚǷǘ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ȗNjȐNjǀȚȗा
[NjǘƲDZƲ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ LJȚǯȚǷǘƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǞƲȍƲȊǯƲǷ ȐNjȍǡǷǘ ǯƲDZǡ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ȐΘƲȍƲȗ ȗNjȍȗNjǷȗȚष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ƲLJƲǷΘƲ LJǽǯȚǶNjǷ ȍNjȐǶǡ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ LJNjȗǡDZ
ߛ࢚ ,LjȇLjȌLjȍ :ȰǝȰȇ
NjȍǡȐǡ ǬȚLJȚDZ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷॅƲǁƲȍƲ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷष DZǽǘǽ ƲǁƲȍƲष ǡLJNjǷȗǡȗƲȐ ǽȍǘƲǷǡȐƲȐǡ
ॲDZǽǘǽॅǷƲǶƲॅƲDZƲǶƲȗॳष LJƲǷ ȗƲǞȚǷ ƲȗƲȚ ȗƲǷǘǘƲDZ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ
ߜ࢚ <LjȭLj UǡȍǮLjȍȭLjȣ
NjȍǡȐǡ ǯƲDZǡǶƲȗ ȊNjǷǘƲǷȗƲȍ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjǶȚƲȗ ǘƲȍǡȐ ǀNjȐƲȍ ȊNjǷΘNjDZNjǷǘǘƲȍƲƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲǬȚƲǷ ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ
ߝ࢚ LjǭȭLjȣ /ȦǷ
Ʋǀ ࡲश UNjǷLJƲǞȚDZȚƲǷ
ࡲाࡲ =ƲȗƲȍ NjDZƲǯƲǷǘ
NjȍǡȐǡ ȊNjǷǬƲǀƲȍƲǷ ǡLJNj ƲΒƲDZ ƲȗƲȚ ǡȐȚ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjǷǬƲLJǡ LJǽȍǽǷǘƲǷ ȊNjǷΘNjDZNjǷǘǘƲȍƲƲǷ
ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗा
ߞ࢚ =LjȌȠǷȣLjȍ UȣȓȠȓȦLjȇ
NjȍǡȐǡ DZƲǶȊǡȍƲǷ Ǘǽȗǽ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ȊƲǷǡȗǡƲ ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ
ȍƲǷǁƲǷǘƲǷ LJNjȐƲǡǷ ȊǽȐȗNjȍष ȊNjȍNjǷǁƲǷƲƲǷ LJNjǯǽȍƲȐǡ DZǽǯƲȐǡ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷष ƲȗƲȚ Ǘǽȗǽ
,Ljȇ ͕LjȍǮ ,LjȣȰȦ ǷȠǡȣǴLjȭǷȅLjȍ ǝLjȇLjȌ UǡȍȰȇǷȦLjȍ bǡȅȦ UȣȓȠȓȦLjȇ ǝLjȍ bǡȅȦ
ߛ UȣȓȠȓȦLjȇ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ ࣐LjǴ͕Lj <LjȌǷȇLj࣑
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰࡺǁLJǀΑȌBDZB
UǡȣȦǷLjȠLjȍ UǡȍǮLjȂLjȣLjȍ
%ȚȍȚ ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ǞƲDZঃǞƲDZ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗ ǀNjDZƲǬƲȍ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ
ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯा %ȚȍȚ ǞƲȍȚȐDZƲǞ
ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ DZƲǘȚ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲΘƲƲǷ ǘȚȍȚा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶǡDZǡǞ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJǡ DZȚƲȍ LJƲȍǡ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ
LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡा UNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǞƲȍȚȐ LJǡȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ƲǷȗƲȍƲ DZƲǡǷश
ࡲा =ƲȊȗǽȊ
ࡳा DZƲȗ ǀƲǷȗȚ ƲȚLJǡǽ ॲȦȠǡLjȅǡȣॳ
ࡴा = UȣȓȂǡǗȭȓȣ
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
ߜ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ /ȍȭǷ
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ǗȚǷǘȐǡ ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐƲǷ ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ
ǶNjǶǀȚȗȚǞǯƲǷ ȊNjǶǀȚƲȗƲǷ ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZा
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZ ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐǡǯƲȊ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ
ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡸ LJƲǷ ࡹ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा LJƲȊȚǷ
ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐƲǷ ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ ǶƲǷǗƲƲȗ
ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐƲǷ ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǘNjȍȗǡƲǷ
ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐƲǷ ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ
ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǯƲǡȗƲǷǷΘƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ BȚȐǡǯ
ॲBƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ
UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷॳ
BƲǶȊȚ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ
ǡLJNj ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐƲǷ ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ
LJƲDZƲǶ ǯƲǡȗƲǷǷΘƲ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ
BȚȐǡǯ ॲBƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ
UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷॳ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷष %ȚȍȚ
LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍNj ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा UNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐƲǷ ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ
ࡳा NjǀƲǘƲǡ ǶƲǷǗƲƲȗ ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐƲǷ ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ
ࡴा /LJNj ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐƲǷ ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯƲǡȗƲǷǷΘƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ BȚȐǡǯ
ॲBƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷॳ
eȂǷ <ȓȌȠǡȭǡȍȦǷ
ࡶा [NjǀȚȗǯƲǷ ǡȐȗǡDZƲǞ DZƲǡǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǯNjDZǽǶȊǽǯ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjȍLJǡȍǡ LJƲȍǡ LJȚƲ
ǽȍƲǷǘष ȗǡǘƲ ǽȍƲǷǘ LJƲǷ NjǶȊƲȗ ǽȍƲǷǘह
ࡷा ȊƲ ȐƲǬƲ LJȚƲ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ LJȚǯȚǷǘƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷȐȚǯȐNjȐǯƲǷ
ȊNjǷΘNjDZNjǷǘǘƲȍƲƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯि
4-(3
?/1$2(?2( ,42(*
Ƿǡȗ ࡶ ঃ ȊȍNjȐǡƲȐǡ BȚȐǡǯ ࡲࡺࡸ
eȍǷȭ ߟ
ȊȍNjȐǡƲȐǡ BȚȐǡǯ
XNjǯǽǶNjǷLJƲȐǡ ƲDZǽǯƲȐǡ ΒƲǯȗȚ LJƲDZƲǶ ǶNjǶȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ȚǷǡȗ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷश ࡹ Η ࡵࡶ ǶNjǷǡȗ
ǡȦȅȣǷȠȦǷ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
[NjǶȚƲ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ǯƲȍΘƲঃǯƲȍΘƲ ȐNjǷǡ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ ǶNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ǷǡDZƲǡঃǷǡDZƲǡ
ǯNjǡǷLJƲǞƲǷा bǡǷǘǯƲȗƲǷ ƲȊȍNjȐǡƲȐǡ ȐNjȗǡƲȊ ǽȍƲǷǘ ȗNjȍǞƲLJƲȊ ȐNjǀȚƲǞ ǯƲȍΘƲ ȐNjǷǡ ƲǯƲǷ
ǀNjȍǀNjLJƲঃǀNjLJƲष ǀNjȍǘƲǷȗȚǷǘ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ȗǡǷǘǯƲȗ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ LJƲǷ ȐNjDZNjȍƲ ȐNjǷǡ ΘƲǷǘ
ǶNjȍNjǯƲ ǶǡDZǡǯǡा [NjǶȚƲ ǯƲȍΘƲ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡǁǡȊȗƲǯƲǷ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡǶƲǡǷǯƲǷ
LJƲǷ LJǡȗƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ȐȚƲȗȚ ǯNjǶƲȐƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ȐNjǷǡ ǀƲǘǡ ȊƲȍƲ ȊNjǷǽǷȗǽǷ
LJƲǷ ȊƲȍƲ ȊNjǷǡǯǶƲȗ ȐNjǷǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗा UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ȐNjǷǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡȗƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ǯǽǷȐNjȍ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȓωǷȍǡ ॲȇǷ͎ǡ ȠǡȣǭȓȣȌLjȍǗǡॳ ǶƲȚȊȚǷ
ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȓȍȇǷȍǡ ॲ͎ǷȣȭȰLjȇ ǗȓȍǗǡȣȭॳा BNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȗƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷष ǯƲȍΘƲ ȐNjǷǡॅ
ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ LJƲǶȊƲǯ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ȊƲȍƲ ȊNjǷǡǯǶƲȗ ȐNjǷǡॅ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗा
ƲǶȊƲǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍȚȊƲ ȊNjȍƲȐƲƲǷ ǀƲǞƲǘǡƲष ȐNjLJǡǞष ǯƲǘȚǶष LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃ
DZƲǡǷा UƲLJƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ȚǷǡȗ ࡲঃࡵष ȊƲȍƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjDZǡǞƲȗ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ
ΘƲǷǘ ȊƲǷǬƲǷǘ LJƲǷ ǯǽǶȊDZNjǯȐष ΘƲǷǘ LJǡƲDZƲǶǡ LJƲǷ LJǡǀȚȗȚǞǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǶNjǷǘǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷ
ȐȚƲȗȚ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯǯƲǷा NjǷǘƲǷ LJNjǶǡǯǡƲǷष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ
LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷǘƲȊȍNjȐǡƲȐǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷष LJǡǶƲǡǷǯƲǷष LJƲǷ LJǡȗƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷ
ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗा
BLjȭǡȣǷ Uȓȅȓȅ
UNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ȚȗƲǶƲ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǀȚȗȚǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȊȍNjȐǡƲȐǡ ȐNjǀȚƲǞ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ƲǯƲǷ NjȐȗNjȗǡǯƲ LJƲȍǡ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗा ȐȗNjȗǡǯƲ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȚǶȚǶ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍƲȍȗǡ ǯNjǡǷLJƲǞƲǷा NjǷǘƲǷ
LJNjǶǡǯǡƲǷष ȐNjȗǡƲȊ ȚǷȐȚȍ ȐNjǷǡ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǶNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ǷǡDZƲǡঃǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǡǷLJƲǞƲǷ
UǡȣȦǷLjȠLjȍ UǡȍǮLjȂLjȣLjȍ
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ǶNjǷǘNjǷƲǡ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡƲǬƲȍǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
ߜ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ /ȍȭǷ
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǘƲDZǡ ȊNjǷǘNjǷƲDZƲǷ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷǘNjȗƲǞȚƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯঃ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǯǽǶȊǽȐǡȐǡ DZǡȍǡǯ LJƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΑǽǯƲDZष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ
ƲǬƲȍष ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡƲǬƲȍǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǀNjǷȗȚǯঃǀNjǷȗȚǯ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ DZȚƲȐ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ
ƲǬƲȍा
LJा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡDZƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ȐNjǯȐƲǶƲष ȐNjȍȗƲ ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊȚȗƲȍǯƲǷा
Njा [ƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ ǶNjǷƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ
ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗNjǶƲ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯǷΘƲष ΘƲǡȗȚ ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡǯƲǷ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯॅ ȊǽDZƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ ȍNjǗNjȍNjǷȐǡा ,ƲDZ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ȚǷȗȚǯ
ǶNjǶȚLJƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ LJƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǯƲǡȗƲǷǷΘƲ ƲǯƲǷ DZǡȍǡǯ DZƲǘȚ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗा UƲLJƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǯNjLJȚƲ ƲȗƲȚ
ȊƲLJƲ ȐƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǯNjǶǀƲDZǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ φȇǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲLJƲ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ ȊƲȍȗǡȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ
LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ ॲLJNjǷǘƲǷ ȊNjǷNjǯƲǷƲǷ ȚǷȐȚȍ ȍǡȗǶNjॳा
Ǘा [NjȗNjDZƲǞ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷƲΘƲǷǘƲǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍष
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZष ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡲ LJƲǷ ࡳ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐǡǯƲȊ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡲ LJƲǷ ࡳ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
NjȍȐǡǯƲȊ ǶNjǷǘǞǽȍǶƲȗǡ
ǘȚȍȚ ȊƲLJƲ ȐƲƲȗ ǶƲȐȚǯ
ȐNjLJƲǷǘ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǡǷǘǘƲDZǯƲǷ
ǯNjDZƲȐ
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ƲǘƲȍ ǘȚȍȚ ǶƲǶȊȚ
ǶNjDZǡǞƲȗ ǯNjǶƲǶȊȚƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲा LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǯȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ LJƲǷ
ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
bƲǀNjDZ ࡶाࡴ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ XNjϲNjǯȐǡ %ȚȍȚ
Cǽा UNjȍȗƲǷΘƲƲǷ XNjϲNjǯȐǡ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷष %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶȊȍƲǯȗǡǯǯƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ
ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ ȐȚǶǀNjȍঃȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǡǷLJƲǞ
ࡳा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ ǯȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ LJƲǷ ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ǀƲȍȚ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǶǡǷƲȗǡा
ࡲ ǡǷƲȍǡ
ࡳ bNjȍǷƲȍǡ
ࡵ ȍǁǞ
ࡶ [ȗȍǽϯǯ
ࡷ bǴȣȓȰǮǴ࣡ǗȓȌȠȓȦǡǝ $स
ࡹ bNjǶƲ LJƲǷ ΑƲȍǡƲȐǡ bNjǶƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ΑƲȍǡƲȐǡ LJƲȍǡ ȗNjǶƲ ƲΒƲDZ
[ȚǶǀNjȍश ,NjǷȍΘ [ȚȐƲǷȗǽ UȍƲǷǽȗǽष ࡳࡱࡳࡱ
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
ߜ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ /ȍȭǷ
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǘƲDZǡ ȊNjǷǘNjǷƲDZƲǷ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷǘNjȗƲǞȚƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯঃ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǀƲȍƲȗा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǯǽǶȊǽȐǡȐǡ DZǡȍǡǯ LJƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΑǽǯƲDZष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ
ƲǬƲȍष ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡƲǬƲȍǯƲǷा
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZ ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
NjȍȐǡǯƲȊ ǶNjǷǘǞǽȍǶƲȗǡ
%ȚȍȚ ȊƲLJƲ ȐƲƲȗ ǶƲȐȚǯ
ȐNjLJƲǷǘ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǡǷǘǘƲDZǯƲǷ
ǯNjDZƲȐ
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ƲǘƲȍ %ȚȍȚ ǶƲǶȊȚ
ǶNjDZǡǞƲȗ ǯNjǶƲǶȊȚƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲा LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ
Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǀƲȍƲȗ
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ NjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǯȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ
LJƲǷ ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡঃ
ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ƲǷȗȚȐǡƲȐ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ %ȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ΘƲǷǘ ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ƲȍƲȗ LJƲȍǡ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ Ǯǡȍȣǡ LJƲǷ
ǘƲΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯा
ࡳा bNjǯǷǡǯঃȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ LJƲǷ
ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ࡴा BNjǷǁƲȍǡ ǯȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ LJƲǷ ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ ǀƲȍƲȗ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ
LJƲǷ ǘƲΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊǡDZǡǞा
UǡȣȦǷLjȠLjȍ UǡȍǮLjȂLjȣLjȍ
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶȚDZƲǡ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷȚǞ ǯǽǷȐNjǷȗȍƲȐǡा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
ߜ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ /ȍȭǷ
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǘƲDZǡ ȊNjǷǘNjǷƲDZƲǷ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷǘNjȗƲǞȚƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯঃ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ /ǷLJǽǷNjȐǡƲा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǯǽǶȊǽȐǡȐǡ DZǡȍǡǯ LJƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ ƲǬƲȍष
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡƲǬƲȍǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡDZƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ȐNjǯȐƲǶƲष ȐNjȍȗƲ ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊȚȗƲȍǯƲǷा
LJा [ƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ ǶNjǷƲǶȊǡDZǯƲǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ
ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗNjǶƲ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯǷΘƲष ΘƲǡȗȚ ǶNjǷǘǡLJNjǷȗǡϯǯƲȐǡǯƲǷ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯॅ ȊǽDZƲ ȊNjǷΘȚȐȚǷƲǷ ȗNjǯȐ LJƲǷ ǘƲΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ ȍNjǗNjȍNjǷȐǡा ,ƲDZ ǡǷǡ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶȚLJƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ LJƲǷ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ
ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǯƲǡȗƲǷǷΘƲ ƲǯƲǷ DZǡȍǡǯ DZƲǘȚ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗा UƲLJƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǯNjLJȚƲ ƲȗƲȚ ȊƲLJƲ ȐƲƲȗ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǯNjǶǀƲDZǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ φȇǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲLJƲ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷष ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ
ȊƲȍȗǡȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ ॲLJNjǷǘƲǷ ȊNjǷNjǯƲǷƲǷ ȚǷȐȚȍ ȍǡȗǶNjॳा
Njा [NjȗNjDZƲǞ ȊNjǶȚȗƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷƲΘƲǷǘƲǷ ΑǡLJNjǽ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǘƲǶǀƲȍष
ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjȍNjϲNjǯȐǡǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǞǡLJȚȊƲǷ
ȐNjǞƲȍǡঃǞƲȍǡा
Ǘा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ȊNjȍȗƲǷΘƲƲǷ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǷȗȚ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǶNjȍNjϲNjǯȐǡǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡLJNjǷǘƲȍा
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZ ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
Lj࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ [ǷȅLjȠ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐǡǯƲȊ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ࡶ LJƲǷ ࡷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ
ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
bƲǀNjDZ ࡶाࡺ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐȊNjǯ [ǡǯƲȊ
ǖ࢚ UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ <ǡȭǡȣLjȌȠǷȇLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ ȊNjǷǘƲǶƲȗƲǷ ॲǽǀȐNjȍΑƲȐǡॳ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘा
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ ǡǷǡ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ƲǘƲȍ ǘȚȍȚ ǶƲǶȊȚ
ǶNjDZǡǞƲȗ ǯNjǶƲǶȊȚƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ
ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲा LJƲȊȚǷ ȊNjLJǽǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗश
bƲǀNjDZ ࡶाࡲࡱ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ȐȊNjǯ <NjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ
CƲǶƲ [ƲǷǘƲȗ
Ʋǡǯ ȚǯȚȊ <ȚȍƲǷǘ <ȚȍƲǷǘ
UNjȐNjȍȗƲ <ȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ Ʋǡǯ
ࡸࡶঃࡹࡵ ࡷࡶঃࡸࡵ ࡶࡶঃࡷࡵ Ʋǡǯ ਲ਼ࡶࡶ
ǡLJǡǯ ࡹࡶঃࡲࡱࡱ
ॲࡲॳ ॲࡳॳ ॲࡴॳ ॲࡵॳ ॲࡶॳ ॲࡷॳ ॲࡸॳ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǯȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ LJƲǷ
ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ
ǀƲȍƲȗ
BNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ
ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ
Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǀƲȍƲȗ
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ NjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǯȍǡȗNjȍǡƲ
LJƲǷ ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ǀȚǷΘǡঃ
ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ƲǷȗȚȐǡƲȐ
XǡχǡȅȦǷ %ȰȣȰ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
bƲǀNjDZ ࡶाࡲࡲ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ XNjϲNjǯȐǡ %ȚȍȚ
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷा %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा NjȍǶƲǁƲǶঃǶƲǁƲǶ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ
LJƲǷ Ǯǡȍȣǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
ࡳा NjȍǶƲǁƲǶঃǶƲǁƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǷǘƲȗȚȍƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ LJƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ǡǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷ
ࡴा UNjǷǘǯǽDZƲǀǽȍƲȐǡƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǡǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀǡLJƲǷǘঃǀǡLJƲǷǘ ȐNjǷǡ ΘƲǷǘ
DZƲǡǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ǯȍNjƲȗǡǗ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍȗƲǷǘǘȚǷǘ ǬƲΒƲǀा
ǡLjȰȭǷǭȰȇ BǡȇȓǝǷǡȦ
ߛ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰΒUঃNjࡹΒDZȍeXe
ȇȰǡ BLjȍ %ȣȓȰȠ
ߜ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰȌb:Ǘ/bǗǀyC
[ȭȣǡǡȭ UǡȣǭȓȣȌǡȣȦ
ߝ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰΒǗ<ȐࡴUȍǽBࡸB
,LjȣǷǝ͏ǷȠLj %LjȌǡȇLjȍ %ȣȓȰȠ
ߞ
ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅΒΒΒाΘǽȚȗȚǀNjाǁǽǶॅΒƲȗǁǞिΑਰǀ,ǁΘȍxǬࡵ
UǡȣȦǷLjȠLjȍ UǡȍǮLjȂLjȣLjȍ
%ȚȍȚ ȊNjȍDZȚ ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ǞƲDZঃǞƲDZ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗ ǀNjDZƲǬƲȍ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ
ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍDZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǀƲǡǯा %ȚȍȚ ǞƲȍȚȐDZƲǞ
ǶNjǷLJNjǷǘƲȍ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ DZƲǘȚ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ
ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲΘƲƲǷ ǘȚȍȚा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष ǘȚȍȚ ǬȚǘƲ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶǡDZǡǞ ǁǽǷȗǽǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJǡ DZȚƲȍ LJƲȍǡ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ ȐȚLJƲǞ
LJǡȐNjLJǡƲǯƲǷ ȊƲLJƲ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡा UNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǞƲȍȚȐ LJǡȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ƲǷȗƲȍƲ DZƲǡǷश
ࡲा =ƲȊȗǽȊ
ࡳा DZƲȗ ǀƲǷȗȚ ƲȚLJǡǽ ॲȦȠǡLjȅǡȣॳ
ࡴा = UȣȓȂǡǗȭȓȣ
ࡵा BUࡴ ƲȗƲȚ ΑǡLJNjǽ ǁǽǷȗǽǞঃǁǽǷȗǽǞ DZƲǘȚ DZƲǡǷǷΘƲ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǷΘƲǬǡƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΑǽǯƲDZ
ࡶा %ƲǶǀƲȍ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯƲǡȗƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗNjǶƲ ƲDZƲȗঃƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯष ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷLJȚǯȚǷǘ
ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ǀNjȍȊǡǯǡȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ƲǯƲǷ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΑǽǯƲDZ
LJƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍǯƲǡȗा
ࡷा /ǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷ ǶȚȐǡǯष ǁǽǷȗǽǞǷΘƲश
Ʋा ǡǽDZƲष ǀǡǽDZƲ ƲDZȗǽष ǁNjDZDZǽष ǁǽǷȗȍƲ ǀƲȐȐ
ǀा eǯȚDZNjDZNjष ǘǡȗƲȍ
ǁा [ǽȊȍƲǷǽ ȍNjǁǽȍLJNjȍष ƲDZȗǽ ȍNjǁǽȍLJNjȍष ȗNjǷǽȍ ȍNjǁǽȍLJNjȍष LJƲǷ ǀƲȐȐ ȍNjǁǽȍLJNjȍा
LJा LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷ
<ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖǡȇLjȂLjȣLjȍ
ߛ࢚ <ǡǮǷLjȭLjȍ UǡȌǖȰȅLj
Ʋा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǘǯǽǷLJǡȐǡǯƲǷ ǯNjDZƲȐ ƲǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjȍNjϲNjǯȐǡǯƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ NjȐȗNjȗǡǯƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȗƲǷǘǘȚǷǘ ǬƲΒƲǀा
ǀा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷǬNjDZƲȐǯƲǷ ǶNjǷǘNjǷƲǡ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ƲǯƲǷ LJǡƲǬƲȍǯƲǷा
ǁा %ȚȍȚ ǶNjǷΘǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ ƲȗƲȚȊȚǷ ǶNjLJǡƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍा
UǡȍǷȇLjǷLjȍ
UNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȐǡȐȗNjǶƲȗǡȐ ȊƲLJƲ ȐNjDZȚȍȚǞ ƲǯȗǡΑǡȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ॲǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀȚǯƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ǡǷȗǡ ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǷȚȗȚȊॳा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚ
ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ǬȚǘƲ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǶNjǶȊNjȍǞƲȗǡǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍǁƲȊƲǡƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷष ȐǡǯƲȊ ȐȊǡȍǡȗȚƲDZ LJƲǷ ȐǽȐǡƲDZ ȐNjȍȗƲ ƲȐȊNjǯ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷा
HDZNjǞ ǯƲȍNjǷƲǷΘƲ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ
ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǡǷǡ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश
BNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ƲȐȊNjǯঃƲȐȊNjǯ
ǯNjǡǷLJƲǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ /ǷLJǽǷNjȐǡƲ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȊNjDZƲǬƲȍǡ
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ NjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ
ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ
ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ
ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶȚȐǡǯ ƲȍƲȗ
LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȚȐƲǞƲ ǯNjȍƲȐ
BNjǷǘNjȍǬƲǯƲǷ ȗȚǘƲȐ
NjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ
ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗȍƲLJǡȐǡǽǷƲDZ
/ǷLJǽǷNjȐǡƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȚȐƲǞƲ
ǯNjȍƲȐ
XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǡDZƲǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡDZƲǯȚǯƲǷ ǽDZNjǞ ǘȚȍȚ ǡȗȚ ȐNjǷLJǡȍǡ
ΘƲǷǘ ƲȗƲȐ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjDZƲǞ LJǡDZƲǯȐƲǷƲǯƲǷ ǶȚDZƲǡ LJƲȍǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjȍȐǡƲȊƲǷ
ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲǷƲƲǷ ǞǡǷǘǘƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷा XNjϲNjǯȐǡ ǘȚȍȚ ǡǷǡ
ǀNjȍȗȚǬȚƲǷ ǶNjǷǡDZƲǡ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ǯNjDZNjǀǡǞƲǷ LJƲȍǡ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ΘƲǷǘ ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ǀƲǞƲǷ NjΑƲDZȚƲȐǡ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ
ǀNjȍǡǯȚȗǷΘƲा
bƲǀNjDZ ࡶाࡲࡵ UNjLJǽǶƲǷ XNjϲNjǯȐǡ %ȚȍȚ
ǘƲȍ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ DZNjǀǡǞ ǶNjǶƲǞƲǶǡ ǶƲǯȐȚLJ LJƲǷ ȗȚǬȚƲǷष %ȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǷǘƲȍƲǞǯƲǷ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍDZƲȗǡǞ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ ΘƲǷǘ
LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷष ΘƲǡȗȚश
ࡲा BNjǷǘNjǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ǀNjȍƲǘƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ȐNjǷǡ
eȂǷ <ȓȌȠǡȭǡȍȦǷ
UƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ ƲǯǞǡȍ ȚǯȚ UƲǷLJȚƲǷ %ȚȍȚ BȚȐǡǯ [Bॅ[B< <NjDZƲȐ x ǡǷǡष
ȗǡǶ ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐ ǀNjȍǞƲȍƲȊ ǀƲǞΒƲ ȊƲȍƲ ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǷƲǶǀƲǞ ΒƲΒƲȐƲǷ LJƲǷ
ǶNjDZNjǷǘǯƲȊǡ ǶƲȗNjȍǡঃǶƲȗNjȍǡ ƲǬƲȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲȍǡ ȐȚǶǀNjȍঃȐȚǶǀNjȍ DZƲǡǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ
LJǡǘȚǷƲǯƲǷा [ȚǶǀNjȍঃȐȚǶǀNjȍ DZƲǡǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡȊǡDZǡǞ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍȚȊƲ ǀƲǞƲǷ ƲǬƲȍ
ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȓωǷȍǡ ॲǀȚǯȚঃǀȚǯȚ ǶȚȐǡǯष ǶǽLJȚDZ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯष LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷॳ
LJƲǷ ȓȍȇǷȍǡ ॲyǽȚȗȚǀNjष ǀDZǽǘ ǶȚȐǡǯष LJƲǷ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǽǷDZǡǷNj DZƲǡǷǷΘƲॳा
NjǷǘƲǷ LJNjǶǡǯǡƲǷष ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJǡ ǯNjDZƲȐ x ǡǷǡ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀƲǷȗȚ
ǶNjǶȊNjȍȐǡƲȊǯƲǷ ȊƲȍƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ȚǷȗȚǯ ǶNjǷǬƲLJǡ ȊNjDZƲǯȚ LJƲǷ ȊNjǁǡǷȗƲ ȐNjǷǡ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍǯǽǶȊNjǷȗNjǷ LJƲǷ ǞƲǷLJƲDZा
UƲȍƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ ȗNjȍȚȐ ǶNjǷǘNjǶǀƲǷǘǯƲǷ ǯNjȗNjȍƲǶȊǡDZƲǷ LJƲȐƲȍ
࣐Ȧȓǭȭ ȦȅǷȇȇȦॳ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǘNjǶǀƲǷǘǯƲǷ ǯNjǶƲǶȊȚƲǷ ǀNjȍǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ
ȗNjȍȚȐঃǶNjǷNjȍȚȐ ॲȇǷǭǡȇȓȍǮ ȌȰȦǷǗLjȇ ȇǡLjȣȍǷȍǮॳा BNjDZƲDZƲȚǡ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǷLJǡLJǡǯƲǷ
ȊNjǷǘƲDZƲǶƲǷ ॲφȣȦȭǴLjȍǝ ȌȰȦǷǗLjȇ ǡ͔ȠǡȣǷǡȍǗǡॳष ǘȚȍȚ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ
ȊNjǷǘƲǬƲȍƲǷ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲDZƲǶƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ
LJǡLJǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȊǽȐǡȗǡǗ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍLJƲǶȊƲǯा UNjǷǘƲǬƲȍƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲDZƲǶƲǷ
ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗ LJƲȊƲȗ ǶNjǶǀƲǷȗȚ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ ǶNjǶǀNjǷȗȚǯ LJƲǷ ǶNjǶǀƲǷǘȚǷ
ǯNjȊȍǡǀƲLJǡƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȊǽȐǡȗǡǗष ȐNjȍȗƲ ǀNjȍঃǯNjǀǞǡǷNjǯƲƲǷ ǘDZǽǀƲDZ ΘƲǷǘ ȐNjȐȚƲǡ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ee ࡲࡺࡵࡶ LJƲǷ UƲǷǁƲȐǡDZƲ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡǶƲǷƲ ȗNjȍȗNjȍƲ LJƲDZƲǶ UȍǽϯDZ UNjDZƲǬƲȍ UƲǷǁƲȐǡDZƲा
NjǷǘƲǷ ȊNjǷǘƲǬƲȍƲǷ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗष ࡶঃȚǷǡȗ ȊNjǶǀNjDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ ॲǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ ȚǷΘǡ LJƲDZƲǶ
BȚȐǡǯष ǯȐȊDZǽȍƲȐǡ NjǷȗȚǯ [ȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ LJƲǷ %ǡȍȣǡ BȚȐǡǯष BNjǷǁǡȊȗƲǯƲǷ BȚȐǡǯ
[NjLJNjȍǞƲǷƲष BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ UNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ BȚȐǡǯष LJƲǷ ȊȍNjȐǡƲȐǡ BȚȐǡǯॳ LJƲȊƲȗ
ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ǀNjǯƲDZ ΘƲǷǘ ǁȚǯȚȊ ǀƲǘǡ ȊNjȐNjȍȗƲ LJǡLJǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjǷǘNjǷƲDZƲǷ LJƲǷ
ȊNjǷǘƲDZƲǶƲǷ ǶNjȍNjǯƲ ǀNjDZƲǬƲȍ ǶȚȐǡǯा
ǯǞǡȍ ǯƲȗƲष ȗǡǶ ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐ ǶNjǶǽǞǽǷ ǶƲƲǗ ƲȗƲȐ ȐNjǘƲDZƲ ǯNjǯȚȍƲǷǘƲǷ LJƲǷ ȐNjȗǡƲȊ
ǯNjȐƲDZƲǞƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjȍǬƲLJǡ ȊƲLJƲ ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐƲǷ ȚǯȚ UƲǷLJȚƲǷ %ȚȍȚ
BȚȐǡǯ [Bॅ[B< <NjDZƲȐ xा [NjDZƲǡǷ ǡȗȚष ȗǡǶ ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐ ǬȚǘƲ ǶNjǷǘȚǁƲȊǯƲǷ ǀƲǷΘƲǯ
ȗNjȍǡǶƲ ǯƲȐǡǞ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ȐNjȗǡƲȊ ȊǡǞƲǯ ΘƲǷǘ ȗNjȍDZǡǀƲȗ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ DZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ ǶƲȚȊȚǷ ȗǡLJƲǯ
ȐNjǁƲȍƲ DZƲǷǘȐȚǷǘ ȐNjDZƲǶƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐƲǷ ǀȚǯȚ ǡǷǡा
[NjDZƲǷǬȚȗǷΘƲष ȗǡǶ ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐ ǀNjȍǞƲȍƲȊ ƲǘƲȍ ǀȚǯȚ ǡǷǡ LJƲȊƲȗ ǀNjȍǶƲǷǗƲƲƲȗ LJƲǷ ǀNjȍঃ
ǘȚǷƲ ǀƲǘǡ ȐNjȗǡƲȊ ǽȍƲǷǘ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjǶǀƲǁƲ LJƲǷ ǶNjǷǘǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ ǀȚǯȚ ȊƲǷLJȚƲǷ
ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ǶNjǷǘƲǬƲȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJǡ ǯNjDZƲȐ xा
bǡǶ UNjǷȚDZǡȐ
eȍǷȭ ߛ
ࡲा :NjǷǡȐঃǬNjǷǡȐ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǯNjDZǽǶȊǽǯǯƲǷ ǯNj LJƲDZƲǶ ǯƲȗNjǘǽȍǡ LjǡȣȓȠǴȓȍǡ
ॲ[ƲDZȚƲǷǘष [NjȍȚDZǡǷǘष [ƲȍȚǷƲǡष UƲȍNjȍNjȗष $ǽΘ ǽƲष bȍǡȗǽǷॳष ǷǝǷȓȠǴȓȍǡ
ॲǷǘǯDZȚǷǘष <ǽDZǡǷȗƲǷǘष %ǽǷǘष [ƲȍǽǷष ǽǷƲǷǘॳष ǗǴȓȣǝȓȠǴȓȍǡ ॲ%ƲǶǀȚȐष
[ƲȐƲǷLJǽष :ƲȊNjǷष ,ƲȐƲȊǡष <NjȐǽष bNjǞΘƲǷॳष ȌǡȌǖȣLjȍȓȠǴȓȍǡ ॲXƲȊƲǡष
%NjLJǽǶǀƲǯष ǽDZDZष <NjǷLJǞƲǷǘष bǡǗƲॳा
ࡳा ǡǶƲǡǷǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ǁƲȍƲ LJǡȊNjȗǡǯ
ࡴा ǽȗǽDZ ǯƲǁƲष ǀǽȗǽDZ ȊDZƲȐȗǡǯष NjǶǀNjȍ ǀNjȐƲȍॅǯNjǁǡDZष ǘƲDZǽǷ Ʋǡȍष ȊƲǷǁǡष ΒƲǬƲǷष
ȐNjȍƲǷǘǯƲǡƲǷ ǯȚǷǁǡष ȊǽȗǽǷǘƲǷ ȊƲȍƲDZǽǷ LJǡƲǶNjȗNjȍ ࡴঃࡵ ǡǷǁǡष LJƲǷ ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷঃ
ȊNjȍƲDZƲȗƲǷ DZƲǡǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ ǬȚǘƲ LJǡǬƲLJǡǯƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡ ǶȚȐǡǯा
ߞ࢚ ȇǡǗȭȣȓȠǴȓȍǡ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ ǀȚǷΘǡ ΘƲǷǘ ǀNjȍƲȐƲDZ
LJƲȍǡ ǯǽǶȊǽǷNjǷ NjDZNjǯȗȍǡǯ ΘƲǷǘ ƲLJƲ LJǡ LJƲDZƲǶ ƲDZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȗNjȍȐNjǀȚȗष ǁǽǷȗǽǞǷΘƲ
ǯNjΘǀǽƲȍLJ Ȧ͕ȍȭǴǡȦǷ͚ǡȣष ǶǡLJǡ Ǘȓȍȭȣȓȇȇǡȣष LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷा
ࡶा DZƲȗ ǶȚȐǡǯ bǡǗƲ ǀNjȍƲȐƲDZ LJƲȍǡ LJƲNjȍƲǞ UƲȊȚƲ
ࡷा %ǽǷǘष [ƲȍǽǷष LJƲǷ ǽǷƲǷǘा
ࡸा Ʋा =ƲǶǀƲȗश ǷLJƲǷȗNj ঁ ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ǯNjǁNjȊƲȗƲǷ ǀNjȍǬƲDZƲǷ ǯƲǯǡ ॲࡸࡷঃࡲࡱࡹ UBॳ
ǀा [NjLJƲǷǘश BǽLJNjȍƲȗǽ ॲࡲࡱࡹঃࡲࡳࡱ UBॳ
ǁा NjȊƲȗश DZDZNjǘȍǽ ॲࡲࡳࡱঃࡲࡶࡷ UBॳ
ࡹा :ƲȍƲǯ ࡲ ࡲ ࣾ ࡲ ࡲ ࡲ ࣾ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ǬƲȍƲǯ LJǡƲȗǽǷǡDZ ǷƲLJƲ ȚǷȗȚǯ ȗƲǷǘǘƲ ǷƲLJƲ
BƲΘǽȍ
ࡺा /ȍƲǶƲ ॲȍǡȗǶNjष ȗNjǶȊǽष ǯNjȗȚǯƲǷॳष ǶNjDZǽLJǡष ǞƲȍǶǽǷǡष LJǡǷƲǶǡǯƲष NjǯȐȊȍNjȐǡ
ǶȚȐǡǯष LJƲǷ DZƲǡǷঃDZƲǡǷा
ࡲࡱा yƲǷǘ ȗNjȍǶƲȐȚǯ LJƲDZƲǶ ȚǷȐȚȍ ȍǡȗǶNj ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȗNjǶȊǽष ǯNjȗȚǯƲǷष ȗƲǷLJƲ ǀǡȍƲǶƲष
LJƲǷ ȐǡǷǯǽȊƲȐǡा
eȍǷȭ ߜ
ࡲा LJƲ ࡵ ǶƲǁƲǶ ǯƲLJNjǷȐƲ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȚǶȚǶा
ࡳा ȚȗNjǷȗǡǯ <ƲLJNjǷȐƲ ॲȰȭǴǡȍȭǷǗ LjǝǡȍǗǡॳष <ƲLJNjǷȐƲ ȐNjȗNjǷǘƲǞ ॲ,Ljȇǭ
LjǝǡȍǗǡॳष <ƲLJNjǷȐƲ UDZƲǘƲDZ ॲUȇLjǮLjȇ LjǝǡȍǗǡॳष <ƲLJNjǷȐƲ LJNjȐNjȊȗǡǗ ॲǡǗǡȠȭǷ͎ǡ
LjǝǡȍǗǡॳा
ࡴा <ǽǶȊǽǷNjǷঃǯǽǶȊǽǷNjǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ȐȗȍȚǯȗȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡ ǗȍƲȐƲष ǶǽȗǡǗष
ȗNjǶƲष LJƲǷ ǯƲLJNjǷȐƲा
eȍǷȭ ߝ
ࡲा <ǽǷȐNjȊ LJƲȐƲȍ ǶNjǷǁǡȊȗƲǯƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ LJǡǶȚDZƲǡ LJNjǷǘǷƲ ǡLJNjॅǘƲǘƲȐƲǷ
ǯNjǶȚLJǡƲǷ LJǡDZƲǷǬȚȗǯƲǷ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjǷȚDZǡȐƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡ LJƲǷ ǡLJNj ǯǽǶȊǽȐǡȐǡ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡȗȚDZǡȐǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ǀNjǷȗȚǯ LJǽǯȚǶNjǷȗƲȐǡ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯा
ࡳा <ƲȍΘƲ bȚDZǡȐष <ƲȍΘƲ [NjǷǡष <ǽǶȊǽȐǡȐǡ BȚȐǡǯष <ƲȍΘƲ ȚLJǡǽ qǡȐȚƲDZष LJƲǷ
<ƲȍΘƲ ȍƲǶƲ LJƲǷ <ǽȍNjǽǘȍƲϯा
ࡴा eǷLJƲǷǘঃȚǷLJƲǷǘ ǷǽǶǽȍ ࡳࡹष ࡳࡱࡲࡵ ȗNjǷȗƲǷǘ ,Ʋǯ ǡȊȗƲ ॲ,</ॳा
ࡵा =ƲǘȚ ॲǶȚȐǡǯ LJƲǷ ȗNjǯȐॳष ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯ ǡǷȐȗȍȚǶNjǷष LJƲǷ ƲȍƲǷȐNjǶNjǷ DZƲǘȚा
ࡶा UǽDZƲ ȍǡǶƲ LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjǷǁǡȊȗƲƲǷ DZǡȍǡǯ DZƲǘȚष ǀNjȍLJƲȐƲȍǯƲǷ ǗǽȍǶƲȗ
ȊNjǷΘȚȐȚǷƲǷǷΘƲश ष ष ष ष LJƲǷ ǯȍǽȐȗǡǯा
ࡷा <ƲȍƲǯȗNjȍǡȐȗǡǯ ȐȚƲȍƲ ΘƲǷǘ ȚȗƲǶƲ ΘƲǡȗȚश ȣLjȍǮǡ ǷƲLJƲ ॲǬƲȍƲǯ ǷƲLJƲ ȗNjȍNjǷLJƲǞ
LJƲǷ ǷƲLJƲ ȗNjȍȗǡǷǘǘǡ ΘƲǷǘ LJƲȊƲȗ LJǡǞƲȐǡDZǯƲǷॳ LJƲǷ ΒƲȍǷƲ ǷƲLJƲ ॲȭǷȌǖȣǡॳा
ࡸा CƲǶƲ ǬNjǷǡȐ ȐȚƲȍƲ ΒƲǷǡȗƲ ȗNjȍȗǡǷǘǘǡश [ǽȊȍƲǷ ॲ[ǽȊȍƲǷ <ǽDZǽȗȚȍƲ =ǡȍǡǯॳ LJƲǷ
ȗNjȍNjǷLJƲǞश <ǽǷȗȍƲDZȗǽ ॲ<ǽǷȗȍƲDZȗǽ ȍƲǶƲȗǡǯॳ
eȍǷȭ ߞ
ࡲा BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȐȚƲȗȚ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ LJƲȍǡ
ȊNjȍNjǷǁƲǷƲƲǷ ȐƲǶȊƲǡ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ȊȍǽȐNjȐ ȊNjDZƲǯȐƲƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯ ȐNjǁƲȍƲ
ǶNjǷƲȍǡǯ LJƲǷ ǽȊȗǡǶƲDZा
ࡳा =ǡǶƲ ॲࡶॳ ǗȚǷǘȐǡ ȚȗƲǶƲ LJƲȍǡ ǶƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ UNjȍNjǷǁƲǷƲƲǷ
ॲUȇLjȍǷȍǮॳष UNjǷǘǽȍǘƲǷǡȐƲȐǡƲǷ ॲHȣǮLjȍǷ͚ǷȍǮॳष UNjǷǘƲȍƲǞƲǷ ॲȓȌȌLjȍǝǷȍǮॳष
UNjǷǘǯǽǽȍLJǡǷƲȐǡƲǷ ॲȓȓȣǝǷȍLjȭǷȍǮॳष LJƲǷ UNjǷǘNjǷLJƲDZǡƲǷ ॲȓȍȭȣȓȇȇǷȍǮॳा
ࡴा CƲǶƲ ǬNjǷǡȐ ȐȚƲȍƲ ǶƲǷȚȐǡƲ LJƲDZƲǶ ǬƲȍƲǯ ǷƲLJƲ ǶNjǷΘƲǷΘǡ %ࡳঃࡶ ȚǶȚǶǷΘƲ
LJǡǯNjǷƲDZ LJNjǷǘƲǷ ȐNjǀȚȗƲǷ ƲȐȐा
ࡵा श ǡǽDZƲ ࡲष श ǡǽDZƲ ࡳष श ǡǽDZƲ DZȗǽष श NjDZDZǽष श ǽǷȗȍƲ ƲȐȐा
ࡶा ȚƲ ǽȍƲǷǘश ȚNjȗष bǡǘƲ ǽȍƲǷǘश bȍǡǽष ǶȊƲȗ ǽȍƲǷǘश ǯȚƲȍȗNjȗा
ࡷा NjȍȚȊƲ LJȚǯȚǷǘƲǷ ȐȚǶǀNjȍ LJƲΘƲ ǶƲǷȚȐǡƲॳ ǯNjȊƲǷǡȗǡƲƲǷ ƲȗƲȚ ȊNjǷƲǶȊǡDZॅ
ȊNjȍǗǽȍǶNjȍ LJƲȍǡ ȐNjǀȚƲǞ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ ǶȚȐǡǯॳ LJƲǷ LJȚǯȚǷǘƲǷ ǶƲȗNjȍǡॳ LJƲǷƲ
ॲǭȰȍǝǷȍǮॳष ǡΝǡǷ ȊNjǷΘNjDZNjǷǘǘƲȍƲƲǷष DZǽǯƲȐǡॅ͎ǡȍȰǡष LJƲǷ ǀNjȍǀƲǘƲǡ ȊȍǽȊNjȍȗǡ
ȊNjǷLJȚǯȚǷǘ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷॳा
ࡸा UȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ [ȊǽǷȐǞǽȍȐǞǡȊष ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ǬNjǷǡȐ ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ ΘƲǷǘ ȐƲǶƲ LJNjǷǘƲǷ
ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ ǡΝǡǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷष ǷƲǶȚǷ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjǶǀNjLJƲǯƲǷ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ȊƲLJƲ ǀƲǘǡƲǷ
ȊNjǷƲΒƲȍƲǷष LJǡ ǶƲǷƲ ǞƲDZƲǶƲǷ ȊNjǷƲΒƲȍƲǷ ǶNjǶȚƲȗ ȗƲΒƲȍƲǷ ǯNjȍǬƲȐƲǶƲ
ΘƲǷǘ LJǡǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ȊƲǷǡȗǡƲ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ȊǡǞƲǯ ȐȊǽǷȐǽȍा [NjLJƲǷǘǯƲǷ
UȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ /ΝǡǷ <NjǘǡƲȗƲǷष ȐNjǁƲȍƲ ȐȊNjȐǡϯǯष ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ ȊȍǽȊǽȐƲDZ ΘƲǷǘ
ǶNjǶǡDZǡǯǡ ȗȚǬȚƲǷ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ LJǽǯȚǶNjǷ ΘƲǷǘ LJǡƲǬȚǯƲǷ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ǡǷȐȗƲǷȐǡ ƲȗƲȚ
ȊǡǞƲǯ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjǶǀNjȍǡǯƲǷ ǯNjΒNjǷƲǷǘƲǷ ȊNjǷΘNjDZNjǷǘǘƲȍƲƲǷ ǯNjǘǡƲȗƲǷा
eȍǷȭ ߟ
ࡲा ȐȊNjǯঃƲȐȊNjǯ NjȐȗNjȗǡǯƲ LJƲDZƲǶ ǶȚȐǡǯष ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ ǯNjǡǷLJƲǞƲǷ ǀȚǷΘǡঃǶȚȐǡǯ
ॲȐȚƲȍƲॳष ǯNjǡǷLJƲǞƲǷ ǞƲȍǶǽǷǡष ǯNjȗƲǷǘǯƲȐƲǷ ȗNjǯǷǡǯ ǀNjȍǶƲǡǷ ǶȚȐǡǯष
ȊNjǷǘǞƲΘƲȗƲǷ ॲNjǯȐȊȍNjȐǡ ǶȚȐǡǯॳष ȊNjǶƲǞƲǶƲǷ ǯǽǷȗNjǷ ॲǡȐǡ LJƲǷ ȊNjȐƲǷॳष LJƲǷ
ǯNjǡǷLJƲǞƲǷ ȊNjȍȗȚǷǬȚǯƲǷ LJƲDZƲǶ ȊNjǷΘƲǬǡƲǷ ǯƲȍΘƲ ǶȚȐǡǯा
ࡳा $ȚǷǘȐǡ ǶȚȐǡǯ ΑǽǯƲDZ ॲDZƲǘȚॳ ƲLJƲDZƲǞ ǶNjǷǘȚǷǘǯƲȊǯƲǷ NjǶǽȐǡष ȊNjȍƲȐƲƲǷष LJƲǷ
ȊǡǯǡȍƲǷ ȐNjȐNjǽȍƲǷǘ ǯNjȊƲLJƲ ǽȍƲǷǘ DZƲǡǷष ǶNjǷǘǘȚǷƲǯƲǷ DZƲǘȚ ΘƲǷǘ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ
ȍƲǷǘǯƲǡƲǷ DZǡȍǡǯ LJƲǷ ȚǷȐȚȍঃȚǷȐȚȍ ǶȚȐǡǯ ॲǡȍƲǶƲष ǶNjDZǽLJǡष ǞƲȍǶǽǷǡष LJƲǷ
NjǯȐȊȍNjȐǡॳ LJƲDZƲǶ ȐȚƲȗȚ ǯNjȐƲȗȚƲǷ ΘƲǷǘ ǡǷLJƲǞा
ࡳࡵࡶ
%ȍǽȚȗष৹ǽǷƲDZLJ৹:ा৹ƲǷLJ৹DZƲȚLJNj৹qा৹UƲDZǡȐǁƲ৹ॲࡳࡱࡱࡲॳा৹৹৹,ǡȐȗǽȍΘ৹ǽǗ৹sNjȐȗNjȍǷ৹৹ ৹
৹ BȚȐǡǁा৹৹CNjΒ৹yǽȍǯश৹sा৹sा৹CǽȍȗǽǷ৹ƲǷLJ৹ǽǶȊƲǷΘा
:NjDZDZǡȐǽǷष৹:ा৹ा৹ॲࡳࡱࡱࡱॳा৹,ǽΒ৹ƲǷ৹DZDZ৹UNjǽȊDZNj৹ǽǷȗǡǷȚNj৹ȗǽ৹Nj৹/ǷΑǽDZΑNj৹ǡǷ৹৹ ৹
৹ BNjƲǷǡǷǘǗȚDZ৹BȚȐǡǁ৹UƲȍȗǡǁǡȊƲȗǡǽǷि৹/Ƿ৹ा<ा৹BƲLJȐNjǷ৹LJाॳष৹qǡȐǡǽǷ৹৹ ৹
৹ ࡳࡱࡳࡱश৹ȗǞNj৹,ǽȚȐNjΒȍǡǘǞȗ৹[ΘǶȊǽȐǡȚǶ৹ǽǷ৹ȗǞNj৹$ȚȗȚȍNj৹ǽǗ৹BȚȐǡǁ৹LJȚǁƲȗǡǽǷ৹৹৹
৹ ॲȊȊा৹ࡲࡲࡲঃࡲࡴࡸॳा৹XNjȐȗǽǷष৹qश৹BCा
,ǽϦNjȍष৹ǞƲȍDZNjȐ৹Xा৹ॲࡲࡺࡺࡴॳा৹/ǷȗȍǽLJȚǁȗǡǽǷ৹ȗǽ৹BȚȐǡǁ৹LJȚǁƲȗǡǽǷ৹ॲ[NjǁǽǷLJॳा৹৹
৹ ƲDZǡǗǽȍǷǡƲश৹sƲLJȐΒǽȍȗǞ৹UȚǀDZǡȐǞǡǷǘ৹ǽǶȊƲǷΘा৹
<ǽȐȗǯƲष৹[ȗNjǗƲǷष৹ा৹Uा৹ॲࡲࡺࡹࡷॳा৹bǽǷƲDZ৹,ƲȍǶǽǷΘष৹ΒǡȗǞ৹ƲǷ৹/ǷȗȍǽLJȚǁȗǡǽǷ৹ȗǽ৹৹৹
৹ bΒNjǷȗǡNjȗǞঃNjǷȗȚȍΘ৹BȚȐǡǁा৹/Ƿ৹:ǽȚȍǷƲDZ৹ǽǗ৹BȚȐǡǁ৹bǞNjǽȍΘ৹ॲϯǗȗǞष৹qǽDZा৹ࡴࡱष৹৹
৹ /ȐȐȚNj৹ࡳॳा৹CNjΒ৹yǽȍǯश৹Bǁ%ȍƲΒঃ,ǡDZDZ৹,ǡǘǞNjȍ৹ǽǶȊƲǷǡNjȐा
BǡDZDZNjȍष৹XǡǁǞƲȍLJ৹ॲࡲࡺࡺࡷॳा৹bǞNj৹ȐȗȍȚǁȗȚȍNj৹ǽǗ৹[ǡǷǘǡǷǘश৹[ΘȐȗNjǶ৹ƲǷLJ৹ȍȗ৹ǡǷ৹qǽǁƲDZ৹৹
৹ bNjǁǞǷǡȌȚNjा৹CNjΒ৹yǽȍǯश৹[ǁǞǡȍǶNjȍ৹ǽǽǯȐा৹
CNjǽǷ৹HǷNj৹ॲࡳࡱࡳࡱॳा৹ƲDZǁȍǽΝNj৹[ǽǁǡNjȗΘ৹ǽǗ৹ǶNjȍǡǁƲा৹XNjȗȍǡNjΑNjLJ৹ǗȍǽǶ৹
৹ ΒΒΒाLJƲDZǁȍǽΝNjȚȐƲाǽȍǘा
UȍƲǷǽȗǽष৹,NjǷȍΘ৹[ȚȐƲǷȗǽ৹ॲࡳࡱࡳࡱॳा৹BǽLJȚDZ৹UNjǷǘNjǷƲDZƲǷ৹ƲȐƲȍ৹ȍNjƲȗǡΑNj৹ΑNjǷȗ৹৹
৹ LJƲǷ৹[ȊǽǷȐǽȍȐǞǡȊ৹BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷा৹ƲǷLJȚǷǘश৹BNjLJǡƲ৹[ƲǡǷȐ৹/ǷLJǽǷNjȐǡƲा৹
ेेेेे৹ॲࡳࡱࡳࡱॳा৹BǽLJȚDZ৹ƲȐƲȍঃLJƲȐƲȍ৹UNjǷǘNjȗƲǞȚƲǷ৹=NjǘƲDZ৹LJƲǷ৹XNjǘȚDZƲȐǡ৹ǡLJƲǷǘ৹৹
৹ [NjǷǡ৹LJƲǷ৹HDZƲǞȍƲǘƲा৹ƲǷLJȚǷǘश৹BNjLJǡƲ৹[ƲǡǷȐ৹/ǷLJǽǷNjȐǡƲा
ेेेेे৹ॲࡳࡱࡳࡱॳा৹BǽLJȚDZ৹UNjǷǘNjǷƲDZƲǷ৹ƲȐƲȍ৹UȍǽȐNjȐ৹LJƲǷ৹<ǽǷȐNjȊ৹ǡȐǷǡȐ৹[NjǷǡ৹LJƲǷ৹৹
৹ HDZƲǞȍƲǘƲा৹ƲǷLJȚǷǘश৹BNjLJǡƲ৹[ƲǡǷȐ৹/ǷLJǽǷNjȐǡƲा
ेेेेे৹ॲࡳࡱࡳࡱॳा৹BǽLJȚDZ৹UNjǷǘNjǷƲDZƲǷ৹ƲȐƲȍ৹BƲǷǬNjǶNjǷ৹HDZƲǞȍƲǘƲ৹LJƲǷ৹BȚȐǡǯा৹৹
৹ ৹ ƲǷLJȚǷǘश৹BNjLJǡƲ৹[ƲǡǷȐ৹/ǷLJǽǷNjȐǡƲा৹
ࡳࡵࡷ
ेेेेे৹ॲࡳࡱࡳࡱॳा৹ǗNjǯȗǡΑǡȗƲȐ৹/ǷȐȗȍȚǯȐǡ৹%NjȐȗȚȍNj৹CǽǷঃqNjȍǀƲDZ৹LJNjǷǘƲǷ
৹ /ǷȐȗȍȚǯȐǡ৹qNjȍǀƲDZ৹eǷȗȚǯ৹UNjǷǘNjǶǀƲǷǘƲǷ৹NjȍǷΘƲǷΘǡ৹৹UƲLJȚƲǷ৹[ȚƲȍƲा৹৹ ৹
৹ bǽǷǡǯƲ৹ࡴ৹ॲࡲॳश৹ࡷࡳঃࡸࡵष৹BNjǡ৹ࡳࡱࡳࡱा৹ǞȗȗȊȐशॅॅLJǽǡाǽȍǘॅࡲࡱाࡴࡸࡴࡷࡹॅȗǽǷǡǯƲाΑࡴǡࡲ
ेेेेे৹ॲࡳࡱࡲࡴॳा৹[ƲǁȍǡDZNjǘǡǽȚȐ৹ȐȊNjǁȗ৹ǽǗ৹:ƲΑƲǷNjȐNj৹%ƲǶNjDZƲǷश৹ȊƲȐȗ৹ƲǷLJ৹ǗȚȗȚȍNjा৹৹
৹ ৹ ,ƲȍǶǽǷǡƲ৹ࡲࡴ৹ॲࡲॳश৹ࡶࡷঃࡷࡹा
[ȗNjǡǷष৹=ा৹ॲࡲࡺࡷࡳॳा৹ǷȗǞǽDZǽǘΘ৹ǽǗ৹BȚȐǡǁƲDZ৹$ǽȍǶȐा৹CNjΒ৹:NjȍȐNjΘश৹[ȚǶǶΘঃǡȍǁǞƲȍLJ৹
৹ BȚȐǡǁा
ee৹Cǽा৹ࡳࡱ৹ȗƲǞȚǷ৹ࡳࡱࡱࡴ৹[ǡȐȗNjǶ৹UNjǷLJǡLJǡǯƲǷ৹CƲȐǡǽǷƲDZ৹
sǡǷȐDZǽΒष৹XǽǀNjȍȗ৹sाष৹=NjǽǷ৹ƲDZDZǡǷष৹[ǞNjDZDZNjΘ৹ा৹sǡNjȐȗा৹ॲࡳࡱࡱࡲॳा৹BȚȐǡǁ৹[ǯǡDZDZȐ৹
৹ Ǘǽȍ৹DZƲȐȐȍǽǽǶ৹bNjƲǁǞNjȍȐ৹ॲCǡǷȗǞॳाCNjΒ৹yǽȍǯश৹Bǁ%ȍƲΒ৹,ǡDZDZा৹৹৹৹
ࡳࡵࡸ
ǷȓǝLjȭLjॗUǡȍȰȇǷȦ
,NjǷȍΘ৹[ȚȐƲǷȗǽ৹UȍƲǷǽȗǽष৹[ǁा৹ǡǷ৹ǡǀDZNjष৹
ाBȚȐाष৹ BाBȚȐाष৹ UǞााष৹ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ৹
DZȚDZȚȐƲǷ৹ LJƲȍǡ৹ eǷǡΑNjȍȐǡȗƲȐ৹ LJǡ৹ ǶNjȍǡǯƲ৹
ȐNjȊNjȍȗǡ৹ ƲǡȍǷॅ৹ UǞǡDZƲLJNjDZȊǞǡƲ৹ ǡǀDZǡǁƲDZ৹
eǷǡΑNjȍȐǡȗΘ৹ ॲȐȗȍƲȗƲ৹ ࡲॳष৹ sNjȐȗǶǡǷȐȗNjȍ৹
Ǟǽǡȍ৹ǽDZDZNjǘNj৹ঃ৹XǡLJNjȍ৹eǷǡΑNjȍȐǡȗΘ৹ॲȐȗȍƲȗƲ৹
ࡳॳष৹LJƲǷ৹$DZǽȍǡLJƲ৹[ȗƲȗNj৹eǷǡΑNjȍȐǡȗΘ৹ॲȐȗȍƲȗƲ৹
ࡴॳा৹ NjDZǡƲȚ৹ ǬȚǘƲ৹ ǶNjȍȚȊƲǯƲǷ৹ ȊNjǷLJǡȍǡष৹
ȌȰȦǷǗॗ ǝǷȣǡǗȭȓȣष৹ ȐNjȍȗƲ৹ ǯǽǷLJȚǯȗǽȍ৹ LJƲȍǡ৹
[NjǶƲȍƲǷǘ৹ BȚȐǡǁ৹ [ǽǁǡNjȗΘष৹ %ȍƲǁNjǗȚDZ৹
BNjDZǽLJΘ৹ BȚȐǡǁ৹ [ǁǞǽǽDZष৹ LJƲǷ৹ [ȚȍƲǀƲΘƲ৹
BȚȐǡǁ৹eǷǡǽǷा৹[NjDZƲǡǷ৹ǡȗȚ৹ǀNjDZǡƲȚ৹ǬȚǘƲ৹
ȗNjDZƲǞ৹ǀƲǷΘƲǯ৹ƲǯȗǡǗ৹ǶNjǷǬƲLJǡ৹ǬȚȍǡष৹ȊNjDZƲȗǡǞष৹ǯDZǡǷǡȐǡƲǷ৹ǀƲǡǯ৹ȚǷȗȚǯ৹ȊƲLJȚƲǷ৹ȐȚƲȍƲ৹
LJƲǷ৹ ΑǽǯƲDZ৹ ȐǽDZǽष৹ ȌȰȦǷǗॗ ǗȓȌȠȓȦǡȣ৹ LJƲǷ৹ LjȣȣLjȍǮǡȣष৹ ȐNjȍȗƲ৹ ǯǽǷLJȚǯȗǽȍ৹ LJƲDZƲǶ৹
ȍƲǷƲǞ৹ CƲȐǡǽǷƲDZ৹ LJƲǷ৹ /ǷȗNjȍǷƲȐǡǽǷƲDZा৹ NjǀNjȍƲȊƲ৹ ǯNjǡǯȚȗȐNjȍȗƲƲǷǷΘƲ৹ ƲǷȗƲȍƲ৹ DZƲǡǷ৹
U[UXs/৹ CƲȐǡǽǷƲDZ৹ %NjȍNjǬƲΒǡ৹ LJƲǷ৹ U[UXs/৹ CƲȐǡǽǷƲDZ৹ BƲǞƲȐǡȐΒƲष৹
%ȍƲǷLJ৹ UȍǡΗ৹ %B/Bष৹ /ǷȗNjȍǁȚDZȗȚȍNj৹ Ǟǽǡȍ৹ ǽǶȊNjȗǡȗǡǽǷ৹ LJǡ৹ qǡNjȗǷƲǶष৹ LJƲǷ৹
ǶNjȍǡǁƲǷ৹ǞǽȍƲDZ৹ǡȍNjǁȗǽȍ৹ȐȐǽǁǡƲȗǡǽǷ৹ȚǷȗȚǯ৹ȍȚƲǷǘ৹DZǡǷǘǯȚȊ৹ȍNjǘǡǽǷƲDZ৹LJƲǷ৹
ǷƲȐǡǽǷƲDZा৹
[NjDZƲǡǷ৹ȊȍƲǯȗǡȐǡ৹LJǡ৹LJȚǷǡƲ৹ǶȚȐǡǯ৹LJƲǷ৹ȊNjǷLJǡLJǡǯƲǷष৹ȍा৹,NjǷȍΘ৹[ा৹UȍƲǷǽȗǽ৹ȐƲƲȗ৹
ǡǷǡ৹ ǶNjǷǬƲǀƲȗ৹ ȐNjǀƲǘƲǡ৹ <ǽǽȍLJǡǷƲȗǽȍ৹ BƲȗƲ৹ ǯȚDZǡƲǞ৹ /ǷȗNjȍLJǡȐǡȊDZǡǷNjȍ৹ ॲB</ॳ৹ ǯDZȚȐȗNjȍ৹
ȣǡLjȭǷ͎ǡॗ͎ǡȍȭॗBLjȍLjǮǡȌǡȍȭ৹ॲBॳ৹LJƲǷ৹<ǽǽȍLJǡǷƲȗǽȍ৹UNjǶǡǷƲȗƲǷ৹UǡȣǭȓȣȌǷȍǮॗ
ȣȭॗLjȍǝॗ[ȠȓȣȭॗBLjȍLjǮǡȌǡȍȭ৹ॲU[Bॳ৹LJǡ৹eǷǡΑNjȍȐǡȗƲȐ৹ǡȊȚȗȍƲष৹ƲDZƲǶ৹ȊNjǷǘƲǬƲȍƲǷ৹
LJƲǷ৹ ǯǽǷȐNjȊ৹ ǶƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ৹ ΘƲǷǘ৹ LJǡȗNjȍƲȊǯƲǷष৹ ǀNjDZǡƲȚ৹ ǶNjǷNjǯƲǷǯƲǷ৹ ȊNjǷǘNjǶǀƲǷǘƲǷ৹
ǯƲȍƲǯȗNjȍ৹LJƲǷ৹ǯNjȊȍǡǀƲLJǡƲǷ৹ǶNjDZƲDZȚǡ৹ǶȚȐǡǯ৹LJƲǷ৹ǽDZƲǞȍƲǘƲ৹ॲǴǡLjȇȭǴ͕ॗȠǴ͕ȦǷǗLjȇॗLjǗȭǷ͎Ƿȭ͕ॳा৹
NjǀNjȍƲȊƲ৹ǀȚǯȚ৹ȚǷȗȚǯ৹ǶǽLJȚDZ৹ȊNjǶǀƲDZƲǬƲȍƲǷ৹LJƲǷ৹ƲȍȗǡǯNjDZ৹LJƲDZƲǶ৹ǬȚȍǷƲDZ৹ǡDZǶǡƲǞ৹ΘƲǷǘ৹
ȊNjȍǷƲǞ৹ LJǡȗȚDZǡȐ৹ ǶNjDZǡȊȚȗǡश৹ UNjǷǘNjǷƲDZƲǷ৹ ƲȐƲȍ৹ BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷ৹ HDZƲǞȍƲǘƲ৹ LJƲǷ৹ BȚȐǡǯष৹
UNjǷǘNjǷƲDZƲǷ৹ ƲȐƲȍ৹ UȍǽȐNjȐ৹ LJƲǷ৹ <ǽǷȐNjȊ৹ ǡȐǷǡȐ৹ [NjǷǡ৹ LJƲǷ৹ HDZƲǞȍƲǘƲष৹ ƲȐƲȍঃLJƲȐƲȍ৹
UNjǷǘNjȗƲǞȚƲǷ৹=NjǘƲDZ৹LJƲǷ৹XNjǘȚDZƲȐǡ৹ǡLJƲǷǘ৹[NjǷǡ৹LJƲǷ৹HDZƲǞȍƲǘƲष৹UNjǷǘNjǷƲDZƲǷ৹ƲȐƲȍ৹
ȍNjƲȗǡΑNj৹ΑNjǷȗ৹LJƲǷ৹[ȊǽǷȐǽȍȐǞǡȊ৹BƲǷƲǬNjǶNjǷष৹:ƲΑƲǷNjȐNj৹%ƲǶNjDZƲǷश৹/ȭȦॗǴǷȦȭȓȣ͕ॗLjȍǝॗ
ǷȍχȰǡȍǗǡ৹ॲ:ȚȍǷƲDZ৹/DZǶǡƲǞ৹ [NjǷǡ৹BȚȐǡǯॳष৹[LjǗȣǷȇǡǮǷȓȰȦॗȦȠǡǗȭॗ ȓǭॗ:Lj͎LjȍǡȦǡॗ %LjȌǡȇLjȍॗ
ULjȦȭॗLjȍǝॗǭȰȭȰȣǡॗॲ:ȚȍǷƲDZ৹,ƲȍǶǽǷǡƲॳष৹LJƲǷ৹ǗNjǯȗǡϯȗƲȐ৹/ǷȐȗȍȚǯȐǡ৹%NjȐȗȚȍ৹ॲȍȓȍ͎࣡ǡȣǖLjȇॳ৹
LJNjǷǘƲǷ৹/ǷȐȗȍȚǯȐǡ৹ΑNjȍǀƲDZ৹ȚǷȗȚǯ৹UNjǷǘNjǶǀƲǷǘƲǷ৹NjȍǷΘƲǷΘǡ৹UƲLJȚƲǷ৹[ȚƲȍƲ৹ॲ:ȚȍǷƲDZ৹
bǽǷǡǯƲॳा
ࡳࡵࡹ
ǷȓǝLjȭLj UǡȍȰȇǷȦ
ࡳࡵࡺ
ǷȓǝLjȭLj UǡȍǡȇLjLjǴ
ࡳࡶࡱ
ǷȓǝLjȭLj UǡȍǡȇLjLjǴ
ࡳࡶࡲ
ǷȓǝLjȭLj Uǡȍ͕ȰȍȭǷȍǮ ǡȦLjǷȍǡȣ ǝLjȍ /ȇȰȦȭȣLjȭȓȣ
ࡳࡶࡳ