Lampiran A B D
Lampiran A B D
Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3
Cp dalam J/mol.K; T dalam Kelvin (K)
Komponen A B C D
H2S 80,985 -1,2464E-01 -3,6053E-05 1,6942E-06
N2 76,452 -3,5226E-01 -2,6690E-03 5,0057E-05
(CH3)2O 48,074 0,5623 -2,3915E-03 4,4614E-06
CH3SH 46,472 0,3785 -1,3665E-03 2,2085E-06
(CH3)2S 50,108 0,5559 -1,8618E-03 2,6910E-06
CH3OH 40,152 0,3105 -1,0291E-03 1,4598E-06
H2O 92,053 -3,9953E-02 -2,1103E-04 5,3469E-07
Hvap = A ( 1 - T/Tc )n
Hvap dalam kJ/mol; T dalam Kelvin (K)
Komponen A Tc n
H2S 21,23 3,74E+02 2,19E-01
N2 9,43 1,26E+02 5,33E-01
(CH3)2O 27,769 4,00E+02 2,61E-01
CH3SH 34,579 4,70E+02 3,79E-01
(CH3)2S 38,35 5,03E+02 3,69E-01
CH3OH 52,723 5,13E+02 3,77E-01
H2O 52,053 6,47E+02 3,21E-01
Sigma = A ( 1 - T/Tc )n
Sigma dalam dyne/cm; T dalam Kelvin (K)
Komponen A Tc n
H2 S 70,92 3,74E+02 1,28E+00
N2 28,98 1,26E+02 1,25E+00
(CH3)2O 60,96 4,00E+02 1,23E+00
CH3SH 81,867 4,70E+02 1,23E+00
(CH3)2S 67,9 5,03E+02 1,15E+00
CH3OH 68,329 5,13E+02 1,22E+00
H2O 132,674 647,13 0,955
LAMPIRAN B
NERACA MASSA
17 Loop 11 15 13 14
12
16 AB 18
ST
6
Loop 5 Loop 9 Loop 10
5
CP
Loop 6 8
REAKTOR
7
MD-1
10
2 3 4 Loop 7
Loop 3
9
Loop 4 MD-2
1 11
VP Loop 8
Loop 2
Loop 1
1. Kapasitas Produksi
Kapasitas produksi = 35.000 ton/tahun
Jumlah hari kerja dalam satu tahun = 330 hari
Jumlah jam kerja dalam satu hari = 24 jam
𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑘𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖
Maka produksi dalam satu jam = 35.000𝑡ℎ𝑛x1.000𝑡𝑜𝑛x330 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖x 24 𝑗𝑎𝑚
= 4.419,1919 kg/jam
4. Basis Perhitungan
Basis perhitungan :
H2S masuk reaktor = 7287,737 kg/jam = 213,837 kmol/jam.
5. Notasi
Hidrogen sulfida (H2S) =A Dimetil sulfida ((CH3)2S) = E
Nitrogen (N2) =B Metanol (CH3OH) = F
Dimetil eter ((CH3)2O) =C Air (H2O) = G
Metil merkaptan (CH3SH) = D
6. Dasar Perhitungan
a. Komposisi umpan :
Arus 1 : CH3OH = 99,85% berat
H2O = 0,15% berat
Arus 2 : H2S = 99,9% berat
N2 = 0,1 % berat
b. Reaksi yang terjadi :
H2S + CH3OH → CH3SH+ H2O
Input = Output
Arus 1 + Arus 3 = Arus 4 ...................................................................... (B-4)
Massa (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 1 Arus 3 Arus 4
H2 S 0,000 7287,737 7287,737
N2 0,000 284,471 284,471
(CH3)2O 0,000 0,366 0,366
CH3SH 0,000 0,000 0,000
(CH3)2S 0,000 0,000 0,000
CH3OH 3806,489 0,000 3806,489
H2 O 0,178 0,000 0,178
3806,668 7572,574 11.379,241
Total
11.379,241
11. Neraca massa Reaktor (Loop 5)
Neraca massa total disekitar loop 5:
Input = Output
Arus 4 = Arus 5 ..................................................................................... (B-5)
Massa (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 10 Arus 15
H2S 7.287,737 3.770,404
N2 284,471 284,471
(CH3)2O 0,366 46,357
CH3SH 0,000 4.421,415
(CH3)2S 0,000 702,051
CH3OH 3.806,489 73,603
H2O 0,178 2080,941
11.379,241 11.379,241
Total
12. Neraca massa kondenser parsial (Loop 6)
Neraca massa total di sekitar loop 6:
Input = Output
Arus 5 = Arus 6 + Arus 7 ...................................................................... (B-6)
Massa (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 5 Arus 6 Arus 7
H2 S 3.770,404 3.770,404 0,000
N2 284,471 284,471 0,000
(CH3)2O 46,357 46,357 0,000
CH3SH 4.421,415 1,547 4.419,868
(CH3)2S 702,051 0,770 701,280
CH3OH 73,603 0,186 73,417
H2 O 2.080,941 0,027 2.080,914
11.379,241 4.103,762 7.275,479
Total
11.379,241 11.379,241
13. Neraca massa Menara Destilasi 1 (Loop 7)
Neraca massa total di sekitar loop 7:
Input = Output
Arus 7 = Arus 8 + Arus 9 ...................................................................... (B-7)
Massa (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 7 Arus 8 Arus 9
CH3SH 4.419,868 4.397,769 22,099
(CH3)2S 701,280 28,543 672,738
CH3OH 73,417 0,000 73,417
H2O 2.080,914 0,000 2.080,914
7.275,479 4.426,312 2.849,168
Total
7.275,479 7.275,479
14. Neraca massa Menara Destilasi 2 (Loop 8)
Neraca massa total disekitar loop 8:
Input = Output
Arus 9 + Arus 10 = Arus 11 .................................................................. (B-8)
Massa (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 9 Arus 10 Arus 11
CH3SH 22,099 22,099 0,000
(CH3)2S 672,738 666,010 6,727
CH3OH 73,417 0,742 72,675
H2O 2.080,914 0,000 2.080,914
2.849,168 688,851 2.160,316
Total
2.849,168 2.849,168
Input = Output
Arus 12 + Arus 18= Arus13 + Arus 14 ................................................ (B-8)
Massa (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 12 Arus 18 Arus 13 Arus 14
(CH3)2O 45,893 0,000 0,000 45,893
CH3SH 1,547 0,000 0,000 1,547
(CH3)2S 0,770 0,000 0,000 0,770
CH3OH 122,404 0,000 122,218 0,186
H2O 17,600 1.505,717 17,573 1.505,744
188,215 1.505,717 139,791 1.554,140
Total
1.693,931 1.693,931
17. Neraca massa Tee-03 disekitar (Loop 11):
Input = Output
Arus 15 = Arus 16 + Arus 17 ............................................................... (B-8)
Massa (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 15 Arus 16 Arus 17
H2 S 3.770,404 3.723,251 47,153
N2 284,471 280,913 3,558
(CH3)2O 0,464 0,366 0,098
4.055,338 4.004,530 50,808
Total
4.055,338 4.055,338
LAMPIRAN D
PERANCANGAN REAKTOR
𝑘𝐷𝑀𝐸 .𝐾1.𝑃2𝑀𝑒
rDME =𝑃 2
𝐻2𝑂 +𝐾1𝑃𝑀𝑒+𝐾5𝑃 𝐻2𝑂
𝑘𝐷𝑀𝑆.𝐾1.𝑃𝐻2𝑆 𝑃2𝑀𝑒
rDMS =𝑃 . 2
𝐻2𝑂 +𝐾1𝑃𝑀𝑒+𝐾5𝑃 𝐻2𝑂
Nilai dari ki,dan Ki dapat dilihat pada Tabel D-1.
Tabel D-1
Parameter Nilai Satuan
kMT 3,78 mmol/g.h.MPa
kDMS 0,68 mmol/g.h.MPa
kDME 0,14 mmol/g.h.MPa
K1 1618,5 MPa-1
K5 2904,7 MPa-1
EMT 69,75 kJ/mol
EDMS 0,53 kJ/mol
EDME 67,02 kJ/mol
QK1 3,04 kJ/mol
QK5 -19,49 kJ/mol
ΔH2
ΔH1
T = 298,15 K T = 298,15 K
ΔHR° 298,15 K
−3.777.922,86 kJ/jam
=
1,4 kJ/ kg K x (688,08 K- 538,15 K)
= 17.998,55617 kg/jam
E. Menyusun Model Matematis
Neraca massa pada elemen volume tube
Ditinjau dalam 1 buah tube, neraca massa dalam elemen volume pada
kondisi steady state untuk reaksi pada tube setelah bereaksi sepanjang Z satuan
panjang dengan konversi X dijabarkan sebagai berikut.
aliran gas
Z
ΔZ
Z + ΔZ
𝜋
Elemen volume pada tube : 4 × 𝐼𝐷𝑡 2 × 𝛥𝑍 ..................................... (D-16)
Asumsi : aliran bersifat plug flow dan pada kondisi steady state
• Perbedaan penurunan persamaan elemen volume untuk kecepatan reaksi
produk terletak pada tanda + untuk nilai r, yang menandakan bahwa terjadi
penambahan produk, sedangkan untuk reaktan ditandai dengan tanda – yang
artinya terjadi pengurangan terhadap reaktan.
• Persamaan elemen volume untuk kecepatan reaksi reaktan
Rate of input – Rate of output – Rate of reaction = Rate of accumulation
𝐹𝑖 |𝑍 − 𝐹𝑖 |𝑍 + 𝛥𝑍 − (𝑟) × 𝑊 = 0
𝜋
𝐹𝑖 |𝑍 − 𝐹𝑖 |𝑍 + 𝛥𝑍 − 𝑟. 𝜌𝑘𝑎𝑡 . (1 − 𝜀). × 𝐼𝐷𝑡 2 × 𝛥𝑍 = 0
4
𝜋
𝐹𝑖 |𝑍 − 𝐹𝑖 |𝑍 + 𝛥𝑍 = −𝑟. 𝜌𝑘𝑎𝑡 . (1 − 𝜀). × 𝐼𝐷𝑡 2 × 𝛥𝑍
4
Kedua ruas dibagi dengan ∆Z dan dilimitkan ∆Z→0, diperoleh :
𝐹𝑖 |𝑍 + 𝛥𝑍 −𝐹𝑖 |𝑍 𝜋
𝑙𝑖𝑚 = −𝑟. 𝜌𝑘𝑎𝑡 . (1 − 𝜀). × 𝐼𝐷𝑡 2
𝛥𝑍→0 𝛥𝑍 4
𝑑𝐹𝑖 𝜋
= −𝑟. 𝜌𝑘𝑎𝑡 . (1 − 𝜀). 4 × 𝐼𝐷𝑡 2 ..................................................... (D-17)
𝑑𝑍
aliran gas
Z
ΔZ
Z+ ΔZ
Pressure drop
Perhitungan pressure drop menggunakan persamaan Ergun yang diambil
dari Fogler (2006:177) yaitu sebagai berikut.
𝑑𝑃 𝐺 1−𝜀 150.(1−𝜀).𝜇
= −𝐷 × ×( + 1,75. 𝐺) ...................................... (D-21)
𝑑𝑍 𝑝 .𝜌 𝜀3 𝐷𝑝
PT
C
Luas ∆ ABC = ½.AB.CT
= ½.AB.PT sin 60
= ½.PT.PT sin 60 ............................................... (D-22)
Luas daerah ∆ ABC tidak diarsir = ½ x luas penampang tube ..... (D-23)
= ½ x (¼.π.ODt2)
= ½ x (¼.π. 0,03812)
= 0,0005698 m2
Clearance (C’)= Pitch – ODT ............................................................ (D-24)
Pitch = 1,875 in (Tabel 10 Kern, 1950:843)
= 0,047625 m
C’ = 0,047625 - 0,0381 m
= 0.009525 m
Baffle = 0,25 x IDs ............................................................. (D-25)
= 0,79224 m
Luas ∆ ABC = ½ x 0,0476252x sin 60 ................................................ (D-26)
= 0,00098735 m2
Luas ∆ ABC yang diarsir = luas ∆ ABC - luas ∆ ABC yang tidak diarsir .. (D-27)
= 0,00098735 - 0,0005698
= 0,000417593 m2
Gambar D-1 Grafik hubungan antara diameter shell dengan jumlah tube
Pada saat IDs = 124,76 in = 3,16895 m
Nt = 5.225
J. Menghitung Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Bersih dan Kotor (Uc dan Ud)
Harga Uc dan Ud di setiap increment berbeda-beda. Oleh karena itu Uc
dan Ud dihitung secara simultan pada program MATLAB. Perhitungan Uc dan Ud
didekati dengan cara seperti shell and tube heat exchanger Kern (1950:476-477).
1. Sisi Tube
a. Luas penampang total, at = Nt.at’/144.n, ft2 ..................................... (D-28)
b. Flow rate, Gt = W/at, lb/jam ft2 ........................................................ (D-29)
c. Koefisien transfer panas pada lapisan film di dalam tube (Persamaan 6.2
Kern, 1950:103)
IDt×𝐺𝑡 0,8 Cp𝑠 ×𝜇 1/3 𝜇 0,14 𝑘
ℎ𝑖 = 0,027 ( ) ( ) (μw) (IDt), Btu/jam.ft2.oF ........ (D-30)
𝜇 𝑘
d. Koefisien transfer panas lapisan film dalam tube yang disetarakan dengan
luar tube
IDt
hio = hi ODt, Btu/jam.ft2.oF ............................................................... (D-31)
2. Sisi shell
Koefisien transfer panas pada lapisan film luar tube (ho) diperoleh dari hasil
plotting ∆tw ke fig. 15.11 Kern (1950:474) yang sebelumnya dihitung terlebih
dahulu menggunakan persamaan:
hio.ho
𝑡𝑤 = 𝑡𝑐 + hio+ho (𝑇𝑐 -t 𝑐 ) .................................................................. (D-32)
𝛥𝑡𝑤 = 𝑡𝑤 -t 𝑐 (D-24)
hio.ho
𝑈𝑐 = hio+ho, Btu/jam.ft2.oF ............................................................. (D-33)
th= 1,90 in, dipilih tebal head standar 2 in. (Brownell, 1959:90)
3. Menghitung tinggi head
OD
b
OA icr
B A
sf rC
th
ID
= 42,5 oC = 315,65 K
1 1
β = tf = 315,65 = 0,0235/ oC
Δt = T3-tf = 7,5 oC
Sifat fisis udara pada tf (appendix A-5, J.P. Holman):
ρ = 1,1212478 kg/m3
cp = 1006,7329 J/kg oC = 1,01 kJ/kgoC
k = 0,02742627 W/m oC
μ = 1,925 x 10-5 kg/m.s
g = 9,81
Asumsi : Sifat-sifat fisis udara tetap
: Di sekeliling reaktor terjadi konveksi bebas
L = tinggi silinder reaktor = 8 m
Gr = bilangan Grasshoff
l3 2
g t
Gr =
2
Gr = 1,16 x 1014
Pr = bilangan Prandtl
cp.
Pr =
k
Pr = 0,00070397
Raf = bilangan Rayleigh
Raf = Gr. Pr
Δt 0,25
Bila Raf = 104-109 maka hc = 0,29 ( )
L
R1
R2
R3
q1
q2 q3
𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑄′𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
Pada keadaan steady 2 phi L - 2 phi L
Δt = T2-tf = 119,1 oC
Sifat fisis udara pada Tf (appendix A-5, J.P. Holman):
ρ = 0,90499 kg/m3
cp = 1050,1046 J/kg oC = 1,05 kJ/kgoC
k = 0,04565 W/m oC
μ = 2,96 x 10-5 kg/m.s
g = 9,81
L = tinggi silinder reaktor = 27 m
Gr = 3,08 x 1013
Pr = 0,68194696
Raf = 2,10 x 1013 maka hc 7,54 W/m2 oC
Koefisien perpindahan panas radiasi dihitung dengan :
qr = ε τ (Ts4 – Tu4)
dimana :
ε = emisivitas
τ = konstanta Stefan Boltzman = 5,669.10-8 W/ m2 oK4
Ts = suhu dinding, oK = 588,11 K
Tu = suhu film,oK = 308,15 K
Bahan dinding reaktor dengan bahan carbon steel memiliki k = 21 W/moC
Maka :
qr = 0,8(5,67E-08)( 588,114 – 308,154)
= 17,91881 W/m2
A = .D.L, m2 = 568,5007
Qc = hc. A. (T3-Ta), W = 523334,9246
Qr = qr.A, W = 1243471,164
Qloss = Qc + Qr = 1766807,09 W
𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑝𝑎 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑖−𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑖
% Panas yang dapat dicegah =
Q loss tanpa isolasi
= 96,89 %
Sehingga % panas yang hilang = 100%-panas yang dapat dicegah
= 3,10%
Gas Masuk
Pendingin
Pendingin keluar
masuk
Pendingin masuk
Pendingin
keluar
Gas keluar
Input data :
Kondisi umpan
reaktor :
Fao,FBo,FCo,FDo,
FEo,FFo
spesifikasi
katalis
RHOBULK,EPS,
DP
sisi tube
IDT,ODT,NT,N
tb,PT,C
sis
i
Trial Z
Menyusun PD Simultan
ZO =linspace(0,Z,100)
YO = (Xo FAo FBo FCo FDo FEo Ffo FGo To Tpo Po)
(Z,Y)=ode45(‘subroutine’,Zo,Yo)
X = 0,99
tidak
ya
Cetak hasil
Subroutine menghitung :
- menghitung mol masing-masing
komponen
Fi = Fio + Fao*X
- menghitung massa
massa(i) = Fi*Bmi
- menghitung kapasitas panas
- menghitung integral Cp
- menghitung panas reaksi
- menghitung viskositas
- menghitung konduktivitas panas
- menghitung kecepatan reaksi
- Menghitung densitas
- menghitung At, Ash
- menghitung Gs, Gt
- menghitung Ret, Res
- menghitung Des
- menghitung hi,hio,ho
- menghitung Uc,Ud
Persamaan PD simultan
- dFAdZ = f(X,T,P); %rA
- dFBdz = 0; %rB
- dFCdZ = f(X,T,P); %rC
- dFDdZ = f(X,T,P); %rD
- dFEdZ = f(X,T,P); %rE
- dFFdZ = f(X,T,P; %rF
- dFGdZ = f(X,T,P); %rG
- dXdZ = f(T,P);
- dTdZ = f(X,T,P);
- dTPdZ = f(X,T,P);
- dPdZ = f(X,T,P);
dYdZ = [dFAdZ dFBdz dFCdZ dFDdZ dFEdZ
PROGRAM MATLAB
% Prarancangan Pabrik Metil Merkaptan dari Hidrogen Sulfida &
Metanol
% Oleh : Restu ari Nugroho & Yulinar Pramesti Cahyani
% PROGRAM UTAMA
%
==================================================================
=======
clear all
clc
global FAo FBo FCo FDo FEo FFo FGo WT IDT Nt Ntb Xo TPo
global Tr To RG Po IDS DHRo1 DHRo2 DHRo3 B C ODT RHOBULK Pt WP
Nsh RD EPS Dp CPP KP VP z
% KOMPONEN
% A= Hidrogen Sulfida
% B= Nitrogen
% C= Dimetil Eter
% D= Metil Merkaptan
% E= Dimetil Sulfida
% F= Metanol
% G= Air
% REAKSI
% H2S + CH3OH ----> CH3SH + H2O
% A F D G
% H2S + 2CH3OH ----> (CH3)2S + 2H2O
% A 2F E 2G
% 2CH3OH ----> (CH3)2O + H2O
% 2F C G
% DATA OPERASIONAL
IDS = 125.92*0.0254; % diameter reaktor (m)
EPS = 0.55; % void fraction
Dp = 0.0005; % diameter partikel (m)
RG = 0.08314; % konstanta gas ideal (bar m3/kmol.K)
Tr = 298.15; % suhu referensi (K)
IDTin = 1.4; % diameter dalam tube, in
IDT = IDTin*0.0254; % diameter dalam tube (m)
ODT = 0.0381; % diameter luar tube (m)
Nt = 5325; % jumlah tube
Ntb = 1; % jumlah tube pass
Nsh = 1; % jumlah shell pass
RHOBULK = 925; % densitas partikel katalis (kg/m3)
Pt = 0.047625; % pitch (m)
C = Pt-ODT; % clearance (m)
B = 0.25*IDS; % bafle spacing (m)
RD = 0.0005; % dirt factor (jam m2 K/kj)*
z = 0.99; % faktor kompresi (fig 1.2 Chopey)
%PENDINGIN
CPP = 1.4; % kapasitas panas pendingin (kj/kg K)
VP = 14.4; % viskositas pendingin (kg/m jam)
KP = 1.8; % konduktivitas pendingin (Kj/m jam K)
WP = 9400; % laju umpan pendingin (kg/jam)
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
-------
% MENYUSUN PD SIMULTAN
Zo = linspace(0,27,50);
Yo = [FAo FBo FCo FDo FEo FFo FGo Xo To TPo Po]';
[Z,Y]= ode45('mmkapasitas',Zo,Yo);
FA = Y(:,1);
FB = Y(:,2);
FC = Y(:,3);
FD = Y(:,4);
FE = Y(:,5);
FF = Y(:,6);
FG = Y(:,7);
X = Y(:,8);
T = Y(:,9);
TP = Y(:,10);
P = Y(:,11);
disp(' ')
disp('Hasil Perhitungan ')
disp('------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------')
disp('Tinggi FA FB FC FD FE FF FG Konversi Temperature
Tpendingin Pressure')
disp('(m) (kmol) (kmol) (kmol) (kmol) (kmol) (kmol) (kmol)
(X) (K) (K) (bar) ')
disp('============================================================
==================================================================
=========================')
for i = 1:50
fprintf('%8.2f %10.8f %9.8f %10.8f %10.8f %10.8f %12.8f %11.8f
%12.5f %14.2f %14.2f %14.2f\n' ,[Z(i) FA(i) FB(i) FC(i) FD(i)
FE(i) FF(i) FG(i) X(i) T(i) TP(i) P(i)])
if X(i)>=0.99
break
end
end
disp('------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------')
Pout = Y(50,11);
presure_drop=(Po-Pout);
Tout=Y(50,9)-273.15;
TPout=Y(50,10)-273.15;
konversi=(FFo-FF(50))/FFo;
pressure=Pout;
disp('======================')
disp('----RESUME REAKTOR----')
disp(['Konversi = (FFo - FF)/FFo'])
disp([' = (',num2str(FFo),' -
',num2str(FF(50)),')/',num2str(FFo)])
disp([' = ',num2str(konversi)])
disp(['Panjang Reaktor = ',num2str(Z(50)),' m '])
disp(['Suhu Arus Keluar Reaktor = ',num2str(Tout),' C '])
disp(['Suhu Pendingin Keluar Reaktor = ',num2str(TPout),' C '])
disp(['Pressure Drop =
',num2str(presure_drop),' Kpa',' = ',num2str(presure_drop/100),'
bar'])
disp(['Tekanan keluar Reaktor = ',num2str(Pout),' bar
'])
% PROGRAM SUBRUTIN
%
==================================================================
=======
function dYdZ=mmkapasitas(Z,Y)
global FAo FBo FCo FDo FEo FFo FGo WT IDT Nt Ntb Xo TPo
global Tr To RG Po IDS DHRo1 DHRo2 DHRo3 B C ODT RHOBULK Pt WP
Nsh RD EPS Dp CPP KP VP z
% Keterangan
% A= Hidrogen Sulfida
% B= Nitrogen
% C= Dimetil Eter
% D= Metil Merkaptan
% E= Dimetil Sulfida
% F= Metanol
% G= Air
% MASSA KOMPONEN(kg/jam)
BM = [34.0808 28.014 46.0684 48.1076 62.1344 32.0416 18.0148];
massaA= FA*BM(1);
massaB= FB*BM(2);
massaC= FC*BM(3);
massaD= FD*BM(4);
massaE= FE*BM(5);
massaF= FF*BM(6);
massaG= FG*BM(7);
% Berat Total (kg/jam)
MassaT= massaA+massaB+massaC+massaD+massaE+massaF+massaG;
% FRAKSI MASSA KOMPONEN
xmassaA= massaA/MassaT; % fraksi berat Hidrogen Sulfida
xmassaB= massaB/MassaT; % fraksi berat Nitrogen
xmassaC= massaC/MassaT; % fraksi berat Dimetil Eter
xmassaD= massaD/MassaT; % fraksi berat Metil Merkaptan
xmassaE= massaE/MassaT; % fraksi berat Dimetil Sulfida
xmassaF= massaF/MassaT; % fraksi berat Metanol
xmassaG= massaG/MassaT; % fraksi berat Air
% DATA Cp (kJ/(kmol.K));
CPA = (33.878 + (-1.1216e-2)* Y(9) + (5.2578e-5) * Y(9)^2 + (-
3.8397e-8)* Y(9)^3 + (9.0281e-12)* Y(9)^4);
CPB = (29.342 + (-3.5395e-3)* Y(9) + (1.0076e-5) * Y(9)^2 + (-
4.3116e-9)* Y(9)^3 + (2.5935e-13) * Y(9)^4);
CPC = (34.668 + (0.0703)* Y(9) + (1.6530e-4) * Y(9)^2 + (-1.7670e-
7)* Y(9)^3 + (4.9313e-11)* Y(9)^4);
CPD = (40.307 + (-0.0037)* Y(9) + (1.840e-4) * Y(9)^2 + (-1.760e-
7) * Y(9)^3 + (5.0137e-11)* Y(9)^4);
CPE = (35.994 + (0.1238)* Y(9) + (5.0871e-5) * Y(9)^2 + (-9.171e-
8) * Y(9)^3 + (2.8274e-11)* Y(9)^4);
CPF = (40.046 + (-0.0383)* Y(9) + (2.4529e-4) * Y(9)^2 + (-2.168e-
7) * Y(9)^3 + (5.9909e-11)* Y(9)^4);
CPG = (33.933 + (-8.4186e-3)* Y(9) + (2.9906e-5) * Y(9)^2 + (-
1.7825e-8) * Y(9)^3 + (3.6934e-12)* Y(9)^4);
% MENGHITUNG INTEGRAL KAPASITAS PANAS PADA UMPAN MASUK(To)
ICPA0 = (33.878*(To-Tr) + ((-1.1216e-2)/2) *(To^2-Tr^2)+
((5.2578e-5)/3)*(To^3-Tr^3) + ((-3.8397e-8) *(To^4-Tr^4) +
((9.0281e-12)/5)*(To^5-Tr^5)));
ICPB0 = (29.342*(To-Tr) + ((-3.5395e-3)/2) *(To^2-Tr^2)+
((1.0076e-5)/3)*(To^3-Tr^3) + ((-4.3116e-9)/4)*(To^4-Tr^4) +
((2.5935e-13)/5) *(To^5-Tr^5));
ICPC0 = (34.668*(To-Tr) + ((0.0703)/2) *(To^2-Tr^2)+ ((1.6530e-
4)/3)*(To^3-Tr^3) + ((-1.7670e-7)/4)*(To^4-Tr^4) + ((4.9313e-
11)/5)*(To^5-Tr^5));
ICPD0 = (40.307*(To-Tr) + ((-0.0037)/2) *(To^2-Tr^2)+ ((1.840e-
4)/3)*(To^3-Tr^3) + ((-1.760e-7)/4) *(To^4-Tr^4) + ((5.0137e-
11)/5)*(To^5-Tr^5));
ICPE0 = (35.994*(To-Tr) + ((0.1238)/2) *(To^2-Tr^2)+ ((5.0871e-
5)/3)*(To^3-Tr^3) + ((-9.171e-8)/4) *(To^4-Tr^4) + ((2.8274e-
11)/5)*(To^5-Tr^5));
ICPF0 = (40.046*(To-Tr) + ((-0.0383)/2) *(To^2-Tr^2)+ ((2.4529e-
4)/3)*(To^3-Tr^3) + ((-2.168e-7)/4) *(To^4-Tr^4) + ((5.9909e-
11)/5)*(To^5-Tr^5));
ICPG0 = (33.933*(To-Tr) + ((-8.4186e-3)/2) *(To^2-Tr^2)+
((2.9906e-5)/3)*(To^3-Tr^3) + ((-1.7825e-8)/4) *(To^4-Tr^4) +
((3.6934e-12)/5)*(To^5-Tr^5));
% MENGHITUNG INTEGRAL KAPASITAS PANAS PADA INTERVAL PANJANG(Tz)
ICPAz = (33.878*(Y(9)-Tr) + ((-1.1216e-2)/2) *(Y(9)^2-Tr^2) +
((5.2578e-5)/3)*(Y(9)^3-Tr^3) + ((-3.8397e-8)/4) *(Y(9)^4-Tr^4) +
((9.0281e-12)/5)*(Y(9)^5-Tr^5));
ICPBz = (29.342*(Y(9)-Tr) + ((-3.5295e-3)/2)*(Y(9)^2-Tr^2) +
((1.0076e-5)/3)*(Y(9)^3-Tr^3) + ((-4.3116e-9)/4)*(Y(9)^4-Tr^4) +
((2.5935e-13)/5) *(Y(9)^5-Tr^5));
ICPCz = (34.668*(Y(9)-Tr) + ((0.0703)/2)*(Y(9)^2-Tr^2) +
((1.6530e-4)/3)*(Y(9)^3-Tr^3) + ((-1.7670e-7)/4)*(Y(9)^4-Tr^4) +
((4.9313e-11)/5)*(Y(9)^5-Tr^5));
ICPDz = (40.307*(Y(9)-Tr) + ((-0.0037)/2) *(Y(9)^2-Tr^2) +
((1.840e-4)/3)*(Y(9)^3-Tr^3) + ((-1.760e-7)/4) *(Y(9)^4-Tr^4) +
((5.0137e-11)/5)*(Y(9)^5-Tr^5));
ICPEz = (35.994*(Y(9)-Tr) + ((0.1238)/2) *(Y(9)^2-Tr^2) +
((5.0871e-5)/3)*(Y(9)^3-Tr^3) + ((-9.171e-8)/4) *(Y(9)^4-Tr^4) +
((2.8274e-11)/5)*(Y(9)^5-Tr^5));
ICPFz = (40.046*(Y(9)-Tr) + ((-0.0383)/2) *(Y(9)^2-Tr^2) +
((2.4529e-4)/3)*(Y(9)^3-Tr^3) + ((-2.168e-7)/4) *(Y(9)^4-Tr^4) +
((5.9909e-11)/5)*(Y(9)^5-Tr^5));
ICPGz = (33.933*(Y(9)-Tr) + ((-8.4186e-3)/2) *(Y(9)^2-Tr^2) +
((2.9906e-5)/3)*(Y(9)^3-Tr^3) + ((-1.7825e-8)/4) *(Y(9)^4-Tr^4) +
((3.6934e-12)/5)*(Y(9)^5-Tr^5));
VIS=(xmassaA/VAI)+(xmassaB/VBI)+(xmassaC/VCI)+(xmassaD/VDI)+(xmass
aE/VEI)+(xmassaF/VFI)+(xmassaG/VGI);
Vrat=1/VIS*(10^-7)*3600;
% PANAS REAKSI
DHR1 = DHRo1+((ICPDz+ICPGz)-(ICPAz+ICPFz)); %MT
% Panas reaksi 1 (kJ/kmol)
DHR2 = DHRo2+((ICPEz+2*ICPGz)-(ICPAz+2*ICPFz)); %DMS
% Panas reaksi 2 (kJ/kmol)
DHR3 = DHRo3+((ICPCz+ICPGz)-(2*ICPFz)); %DME
% Panas reaksi 3 (kJ/kmol)
Qin = FAo*ICPA0+FBo*ICPB0+ FFo*ICPF0+FGo*ICPG0;
% Panas reaktan masuk (kJ/jam)
Qout = FA *ICPAz+FB *ICPBz+ FC *ICPCz+FD *ICPDz+FE *ICPEz+FF
*ICPFz+FG *ICPGz; % Panas produk keluar reaktor (kJ/jam)
% Panas reaksi (kJ/jam)
FCp =
(Y(1)*CPA+Y(2)*CPB+Y(3)*CPC+Y(4)*CPD+Y(5)*CPE+Y(6)*CPF+Y(7)*CPG);
% jumlah total Fi*Cpi
At = (pi/4*(IDT^2)*Nt)/Ntb;
Gt = WT/At;
Ret= IDT*Gt/Vrat; % Bilangan Reynold
%=================================================================
=============
% MENGHITUNG KECEPATAN REAKSI
kc1= (3.78*10^-4*exp(-69.75*10^3/8.314*(1/Y(9)-1/633)));
% konstanta kecepatan reaksi 1 MT, kmol/kghbar
kc2= (0.68*10^-4*exp(-0.53*10^3/8.314*(1/Y(9)-1/633)));
% konstanta kecepatan reaksi 2 DMS, mol/kghbar
kc3= (0.14*10^-4*exp(-67.02*10^3/8.314*(1/Y(9)-1/633)));
% konstanta kecepatan reaksi 3 DME,mol/kghbar
PA=Y(11)*FA/FT; % tekanan parsial komponen A
PB=Y(11)*FB/FT; % tekanan parsial komponen B
PC=Y(11)*FC/FT; % tekanan parsial komponen C
PD=Y(11)*FD/FT; % tekanan parsial komponen D
PE=Y(11)*FE/FT; % tekanan parsial komponen E
PF=Y(11)*FF/FT; % tekanan parsial komponen F
PG=Y(11)*FG/FT; % tekanan parsial komponen G
K1= 161.85*exp(-3.04*10^3/8.314*(1/Y(9)-1/633)); %bar-1
K5= 290.47*exp(-(-19.49*10^3)/8.314*(1/Y(9)-1/633)); %bar-1
R1=((kc1*K1*PA*PF)/(PG+K1*PF+K5*PG^2)); %MT
R2=((kc3*K1*PF^2)/(PG+K1*PF+K5*PG^2)); %DME
R3=((kc2*K1*PA*PF^2)/(PG+K1*PF+K5*PG^2));%DMS
% PERSAMAAN DIFFERENSIAL
dFAdZ =(-(R1)- (R3))*ALT;
dFBdz = 0;
dFCdZ = (R2)*ALT;
dFDdZ = (R1)*ALT;
dFEdZ = (R3)*ALT;
dFFdZ = (-((R1)+2*(R2)+2*(R3)))*ALT;
dFGdZ = ((R1)+2*(R3)+(R2))*ALT;
dXdZ = (-dFFdZ)/FFo;
dTdZ = ((-((R1)*(DHR1) + 2*(R3)*(DHR2)+ 2*(R2)*(DHR3))*ALT)-
(B2)*Nt)/FCp;
dTPdZ = (B1*Nt)/(WP*CPP);
dPdZ =-((150*(1-EPS)*(Vrat)/Dp/Gt)+1.75)*(Gt)^2*(1-
EPS)/(RHO*IDT*EPS^3)/3600^2/1.01325e4;
dYdZ = [dFAdZ dFBdz dFCdZ dFDdZ dFEdZ dFFdZ dFGdZ dXdZ dTdZ dTPdZ
dPdZ];
dYdZ = dYdZ';
Hasil Perhitungan
----RESUME REAKTOR----
Konversi = (FFo - FF)/FFo
= (118.7984 - 2.3624)/118.7984
= 0.98011
Panjang Reaktor = 27 m
Suhu Arus Keluar Reaktor = 475.414 C
Suhu Pendingin Keluar Reaktor = 392.4912 C
Pressure Drop = 0.00016742 Kpa = 1.6742e-06 bar
Tekanan keluar Reaktor = 9.9998 bar
Hasil Perhitungan
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tinggi FA FB FC FD FE FF FG Konversi Temperature Tpendingin Pressure
(m) (kmol) (kmol) (kmol) (kmol) (kmol) (kmol) (kmol) (X) (K) (K) (bar)
=========================================================================================================================='
0 213.837 10.155 0.000 0.000 0.000 118.798 0.010 0.000 618.150 505.150 10
0.55 208.155 10.155 0.067 3.294 2.388 110.595 8.146 0.069 630.230 507.520 10
1.1 202.214 10.155 0.142 7.202 4.420 102.472 16.194 0.137 642.760 510.110 10
1.65 196.173 10.155 0.221 11.599 6.065 94.627 23.961 0.203 655.340 512.930 10
2.2 190.134 10.155 0.302 16.348 7.356 87.135 31.371 0.267 667.710 515.980 10
2.76 184.168 10.155 0.382 21.325 8.344 80.022 38.404 0.326 679.680 519.240 10
3.31 178.317 10.155 0.458 26.426 9.095 73.267 45.083 0.383 691.160 522.710 10
3.86 172.617 10.155 0.531 31.556 9.664 66.853 51.424 0.437 702.060 526.370 10
4.41 167.114 10.155 0.598 36.631 10.092 60.789 57.422 0.488 712.300 530.190 10
4.96 161.850 10.155 0.658 41.573 10.414 55.082 63.068 0.536 721.790 534.170 10
5.51 156.866 10.155 0.712 46.315 10.655 49.747 63.349 0.581 730.470 538.270 10
6.06 154.199 10.155 0.760 50.801 10.837 44.804 73.244 0.623 738.380 542.480 10
6.61 147.876 10.155 0.800 54.988 10.973 40.263 77.745 0.661 745.200 546.780 10
7.16 143.910 10.155 0.835 58.852 11.075 36.126 81.847 0.696 751.220 551.130 10
7.71 140.305 10.155 0.864 62.380 11.152 32.387 85.558 0.727 756.360 555.510 10
8.27 137.054 10.155 0.888 65.572 11.211 29.029 88.891 0.756 760.670 5559.910 10
8.82 134.142 10.155 0.908 68.440 11.256 26.033 91.868 0.781 764.210 564.310 10
9.37 131.545 10.155 0.924 71.003 11.289 23.370 94.515 0.803 767.050 568.680 10
9.92 129.238 10.155 0.937 73.283 11.315 21.011 96.861 0.823 769.270 573.010 10
10.47 127.194 10.155 0.948 75.307 11.336 18.925 98.936 0.841 770.930 577.290 10
11.02 125.386 10.155 0.956 77.098 11.352 17.084 100.768 0.856 772.110 581.510 10
11.57 123.789 10.155 0.963 78.684 11.364 15.460 102.385 0.870 772.870 585.660 10
12.12 122.376 10.155 0.969 80.086 11.374 14.026 103.813 0.882 773.280 589.720 10
12.67 121.126 10.155 0.973 81.328 11.382 12.759 105.076 0.893 773.390 593.700 10
13.22 120.019 10.155 0.977 82.428 11.389 11.638 106.193 0.902 773.240 597.590 10
13.78 119.037 10.155 0.980 83.405 11.394 10.645 107.183 0.910 772.890 601.390 10
14.33 118.165 10.155 0.983 84.274 11.398 9.762 108.063 0.918 772.360 605.100 10
14.88 117.387 10.155 0.985 85.048 11.402 8.977 108.846 0.924 771.680 608.700 10
15.43 116.693 10.155 0.987 85.739 11.405 8.277 109.545 0.930 770.890 612.210 10
15.98 116.072 10.155 0.988 86.358 11.407 7.650 110.170 0.936 770.000 615.620 10
16.53 115.514 10.155 0.989 86.913 11.409 7.088 110.731 0.940 769.040 618.940 10
17.08 115.013 10.155 0.990 87.412 11.411 6.583 111.235 0.945 768.020 622.150 10
17.63 114.561 10.155 0.991 87.863 11.413 6.128 111.689 0.948 766.950 625.280 10
18.18 114.153 10.155 0.992 88.270 11.414 5.717 112.099 0.952 765.850 628.310 10
18.73 113.783 10.155 0.992 88.639 11.415 5.345 112.471 0.955 764.730 631.240 10
19.29 113.447 10.155 0.993 88.974 11.416 5.007 112.809 0.958 763.590 634.090 10
19.84 113.140 10.155 0.993 89.280 11.417 4.699 113.116 0.960 762.440 636.850 10
20.39 112.861 10.155 0.994 89.558 11.418 4.418 113.397 0.963 761.300 639.520 10
20.94 112.605 10.155 0.994 89.813 11.418 4.161 113.653 0.965 760.150 642.110 10
21.49 112.371 10.155 0.994 90.047 11.419 3.925 113.889 0.967 759.020 644.620 10
22.04 112.155 10.155 0.995 90.262 11.419 3.709 114.105 0.969 757.890 647.050 10
22.59 111.957 10.155 0.995 90.460 11.420 3.510 114.304 0.970 756.780 649.400 10
23.14 111.774 10.155 0.995 90.643 11.420 3.326 114.487 0.972 755.680 651.670 10
23.69 111.605 10.155 0.995 90.811 11.420 3.156 114.657 0.973 754.600 653.870 10
24.24 111.448 10.155 0.995 90.968 11.421 2.999 114.814 0.975 753.540 656.000 10
24.8 111.303 10.155 0.995 91.113 11.421 2.853 114.960 0.976 752.500 658.060 10
25.35 111.167 10.155 0.995 91.248 11.421 2.717 115.096 0.977 751.480 660.050 10
25.9 111.041 10.155 0.996 91.374 11.421 2.590 115.222 0.978 750.490 661.980 10
26.45 111.042 10.155 0.996 91.491 11.422 2.473 115.340 0.979 749.510 663.840 10
27 110.924 10.155 0.996 91.601 11.422 2.362 115.450 0.980 748.560 665.640 10