menggantikan Sriwijaya, sebelum kembali digantikan oleh Pagaruyung pada abad ke-14.

[41]
Negara. Penetapan Arsip Nasional sebgai Lembaga Pemerintah Non Departemen diperkuat
melalui Surat Pimpinan MPRS No. A.9/1/24/MPRS/1967 yang
dan Prancis mendirikan Republik Batavia (1795–1806) dan Kerajaan Hollandia (1806–
1810) yang berstatus sebagai negara bawahan Prancis. Dengan demikian, secara tidak
langsung Prancis adalah penguasa tertinggi Hindia Belanda. Pada 1810 Kerajaan
Hollandia dileburkan dalam Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis, sehingga wilayah Hindia
Belanda menjadi jajahan Prancis secara langsung. Meskipun demikian pemerintahan dan
pertahanan tetap dipegang oleh warga Belanda (termasuk Herman Willem Daendels yang
Here’s another bio that will reshape your views of a famed historical tyrant,
though this time in a surprisingly favorable light. Decorated scholar Andrew
Roberts delves into the life of Napoleon Bonaparte, from his near-flawless military
instincts to his complex and confusing relationship with his wife. But Roberts’
attitude toward his subject is what really makes this work shine: rather than
ridiculing him (as it would undoubtedly be easy to do), he approaches the “petty
tyrant” with a healthy amount of deference.
Indonesia terdiri dari berbagai suku bangsa, bahasa, dan agama. Berdasarkan rumpun
bangsa, Indonesia terdiri atas bangsa asli pribumi yakni Austronesia dan Melanesia
di mana bangsa Austronesia yang terbesar jumlahnya dan lebih banyak mendiami
Indonesia bagian barat. Dengan suku Jawa dan Sunda membentuk kelompok suku bangsa
terbesar dengan persentase mencapai 57% dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia.[21]
Semboyan nasional Indonesia, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Berbeda-beda tetapi tetap
satu), bermakna keberagaman sosial-budaya yang membentuk satu kesatuan negara.
dan Prancis mendirikan Republik Batavia (1795–1806) dan Kerajaan Hollandia (1806–
1810) yang berstatus sebagai negara bawahan Prancis. Dengan demikian, secara tidak
langsung Prancis adalah penguasa tertinggi Hindia Belanda. Pada 1810 Kerajaan
Hollandia dileburkan dalam Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis, sehingga wilayah Hindia
Belanda menjadi jajahan Prancis secara langsung. Meskipun demikian pemerintahan dan
pertahanan tetap dipegang oleh warga Belanda (termasuk Herman Willem Daendels yang
Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the
determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize
the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere
stepping-stones for the next advance.
dan Prancis mendirikan Republik Batavia (1795–1806) dan Kerajaan Hollandia (1806–
1810) yang berstatus sebagai negara bawahan Prancis. Dengan demikian, secara tidak
langsung Prancis adalah penguasa tertinggi Hindia Belanda. Pada 1810 Kerajaan
Hollandia dileburkan dalam Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis, sehingga wilayah Hindia
Belanda menjadi jajahan Prancis secara langsung. Meskipun demikian pemerintahan dan
pertahanan tetap dipegang oleh warga Belanda (termasuk Herman Willem Daendels yang
pelayaran dan perdagangan di Selat Malaka yang merupakan jalur perdagangan maritim
utama antara India dengan Tiongkok dan merupakan salah satu jalur pelayaran
terpenting di dunia. Dari perdagangan tersebut, banyak budaya-budaya asing yang
mempengaruhi dan bahkan berasimilasi dengan budaya-budaya lokal.[40] Nama Sriwijaya
mulai meredup dan diperkirakan runtuh pada awal abad ke-11. Dharmasraya kemudian
naik
Elizabeth I, bynames the Virgin Queen and Good Queen Bess, (born September 7, 1533,
Greenwich, near London, England—died March 24, 1603, Richmond, Surrey), queen of
England (1558–1603) during a period, often called the Elizabethan Age, when England
asserted itself vigorously as a major European power in politics, commerce, and the
arts.
Titled after one of her most evocative poems, this shimmering bio of Sylvia Plath
takes an unusual approach. Instead of focusing on her years of depression and
tempestuous marriage to poet Ted Hughes, it chronicles her life before she ever
came to Cambridge. Wilson closely examines her early family and relationships,
feelings and experiences, with information taken from her meticulous diaries —
setting a strong precedent for other Plath biographers to follow.
Moekhlis Paeni (mantan Deputi Konservasi ANRI dan mantan Kepala ANRI Wilayah Ujung
Pandang).Menurutnya, sejarah merupakan catatan dari apa yang telah dipikirkan,
diperbuat, dan dikatakan manusia.
Kebijakan ke arah pemikiran untuk penyempurnaan tugas dan fungsi Arsip Nasional RI
diwujudkan pada masa kepemimpinan
arsiparis di ANRI meningkat drastis. Puncaknya adalah tahun 1995-1996, dimana
jumlah arsiparis di ANRI Pusat mencapai 137 orang.
Selain memiliki penduduk yang padat dan wilayah yang luas, Indonesia memiliki alam
yang mendukung tingkat keanekaragaman hayati terbesar ke-2 di dunia.
Elizabeth I, bynames the Virgin Queen and Good Queen Bess, (born September 7, 1533,
Greenwich, near London, England—died March 24, 1603, Richmond, Surrey), queen of
England (1558–1603) during a period, often called the Elizabethan Age, when England
asserted itself vigorously as a major European power in politics, commerce, and the
arts.
awalnya mengusulkan istilah Indunesia dan Malayunesia untuk penduduk pulauan Hindia
atau Kepulauan
Setelah Majapahit mengalami kejatuhan, kesultanan-kesultanan bercorak Islam berdiri
dan berkembang pesat di Nusantara, terutama di Jawa. Kesultanan pertama di Pulau
Jawa yang telah diakui secara luas adalah Demak dan Cirebon yang berdiri pada abad
ke-15.[55][56] Namun beberapa waktu ini, beberapa pakar menemukan sejumlah bukti
tentang kesultanan Islam yang lebih tua, yaitu Lumajang, yang diperkirakan berdiri
pada akhir abad ke-13.[57] Setelah itu,
Later, when he entered politics, his populist appeal was rooted in part to those
humble beginnings.
di bawah Presidium Kabinet. Dengan status baru tersebut, maka pada tahun 1968 Arsip
Nasional berusaha menyusun pengajuan sebagai berikut:
Barack Obama, in part because there was a physical resemblance but also because
Jokowi largely fit the Obama mold as a charismatic nontraditional politician.
Jokowi ousted the incumbent, Fauzi Bowo, in the second round of that election, and,
as governor of Jakarta, he launched programs aimed at improving Jakartans’ access
to health care and education.
Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month
round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to
Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. In 1957, after state
visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United
States. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in
50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South
America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). During her “Silver
Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the
36 members of the Commonwealth,
Setelah Konferensi Meja Bundar tanggal 27 Desember1949, Pemerintah Belanda
melaksanakan pengembalian kedaulatan kepada Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, t
Perubahan itu ditetapkan melalui Surat Keputusan Menteri nomor 130433/5, tanggal 24
Desember 1957.
Ibu kota Indonesia saat ini adalah Jakarta. Pada tanggal 18 Januari 2022,
pemerintah Indonesia menetapkan Ibu Kota Nusantara yang berada di Pulau Kalimantan,
yang menempati wilayah Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, untuk menggantikan Jakarta
sebagai ibu kota yang baru.[20] Hingga tahun 2022, proses peralihan ibu kota masih
berlangsung.
et us now praise famous men, and our fathers that begat us.” From this line derives
the central issue of Agee and Evans’ work: who truly deserves our praise and
recognition? According to this 1941 biography, it’s the barely-surviving
sharecropper families who were severely
The city is a market for the surrounding densely populated agricultural area, which
produces tobacco, sugar, rice, coconuts, fruits and vegetables, and cassava. The
making of batik cloth is a main industry, as are the manufacture of cigarettes,
furniture, and textiles; there is also metal casting and jewelry making. Local
handicrafts include pottery making, wood and bone carving, and the making of
musical instruments. The city is an important cultural centre for central Javanese
dance, music, and literature and is linked by road, rail, and air to the rest of
Java. Pop. (2010) 499,337.
kamp tawanan Jepang. Meskipun demikian, pada masa tersebut posisi Landarchief
sangat penting bagi orang-orang Belanda yang ingin mendapatkan keterangan asal-usul
keturunannya.
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian
presidential election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more
than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto.
Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally
challenged the election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously
rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take office on October
erdasarkan SK menteri PP dan K nomor69626/a/s nama Arsip Negara berganti menjadi
Arsip Nasional. Perubahan ini berlaku surut semenjak 1 Januari 1959.
Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan, political party in Indonesia formed in 1973 through
the forced merger of five non-Islamic political parties. In the final three decades
of the 20th century, it was one of two opposition parties officially recognized by
the government. Although it often was supportive of the policies of President
Suharto, its antigovernment faction—led by Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of
Sukarno,
Barack Obama, in part because there was a physical resemblance but also because
Jokowi largely fit the Obama mold as a charismatic nontraditional politician.
Jokowi ousted the incumbent, Fauzi Bowo, in the second round of that election, and,
as governor of Jakarta, he launched programs aimed at improving Jakartans’ access
to health care and education.
Joko Widodo, byname Jokowi, (born June 21, 1961, Surakarta, Central Java,
Indonesia), Indonesian businessman, politician, and government official who served
as governor of Jakarta (2012–14) and as president of Indonesia (2014– ). Joko
Widodo, commonly called Jokowi, who attracted international attention with his
populist style of campaigning and his anticorruption platform, became the first
Indonesian president who did not have a military background or belong to one of the
country’s prominent political families.
In 1973 Suharto’s authoritarian regime implemented political reforms to limit the
power of opposition groups and the number of recognized political entities to
three: Golkar, a pro-government group that controlled state institutions; and two
opposition parties, the Indonesian Democratic Party (later the PDI-P) and the
United Development Party. The Indonesian Democratic Party was created from three
nationalist groups and two Christian-based parties: the Indonesian Nationalist
Party, the Movement for the Defense of Indonesian Independence, the People’s Party,
the Catholic Party, and the Christian Party.
University of Sebelas Maret, which was created in 1976 by consolidating five
existing institutions. The city also has several museums, an archive, and a number
of libraries, some with various text and multimedia collections available in
digital format.
Di Kepulauan Maluku, terdapat dua kesultanan besar yang terkenal, yaitu Ternate dan
Tidore yang berpusat di wilayah yang saat ini termasuk dalam wilayah Maluku Utara.
[63] Wilayah Ternate pada masa kejayaannya, yaitu pada abad ke-16, mencakup Pulau
Ternate, sebagian kecil Pulau Halmahera, Kepulauan Maluku bagian tengah, Pulau
Sulawesi bagian utara dan timur, hingga ke Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sementara itu,
Tidore pada masa kejayaannya yang juga pada abad ke-16 meliputi Pulau Tidore,
sebagian besar Pulau Halmahera, hingga ke Papua Barat.[64]
Negeri diambil alih kembali oleh pemerintah Belanda. Nama Lembaga Arsip Negeri
berganti lagi menjadi Landsarchief kembali. Sebagai pimpinan Landsarchief adalah
Prof.W. Ph. Coolhaas yang menjabat hingga berdirinya Republik Indonesia
was reelected mayor with more than 90 percent of the vote. He was later ranked as
the third best mayor in the world by the international City Mayors Foundation.
During his gubernatorial run in Jakarta in 2012, Jokowi began to be widely compared
in the media to U.S. President
Di Kepulauan Maluku, terdapat dua kesultanan besar yang terkenal, yaitu Ternate dan
Tidore yang berpusat di wilayah yang saat ini termasuk dalam wilayah Maluku Utara.
[63] Wilayah Ternate pada masa kejayaannya, yaitu pada abad ke-16, mencakup Pulau
Ternate, sebagian kecil Pulau Halmahera, Kepulauan Maluku bagian tengah, Pulau
Sulawesi bagian utara dan timur, hingga ke Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sementara itu,
Tidore pada masa kejayaannya yang juga pada abad ke-16 meliputi Pulau Tidore,
sebagian besar Pulau Halmahera, hingga ke Papua Barat.[64]
northern Sumatra, and he later established his own furniture factory in Surakarta.
By 2002 he had become a highly successful furniture exporter, with showrooms on
several continents, as well as chairman of a local branch of the country’s
influential furniture manufacturers’ association.
Negara. Penetapan Arsip Nasional sebgai Lembaga Pemerintah Non Departemen diperkuat
melalui Surat Pimpinan MPRS No. A.9/1/24/MPRS/1967 yang
Dalam rangka penolakan tersebut, Lansarchief mendapat tugas khusus, yaitu: ikut
serta secara aktif dalam pekerjaan ilmiah untuk penulisan sejarah Hindia Belanda,
whose cancer cells were taken, without her knowledge, for medical testing — and
without whom we wouldn’t have many of the critical cures we depend upon today.
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian
presidential election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more
than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto.
Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally
challenged the election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously
rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take office on October
was reelected mayor with more than 90 percent of the vote. He was later ranked as
the third best mayor in the world by the international City Mayors Foundation.
During his gubernatorial run in Jakarta in 2012, Jokowi began to be widely compared
in the media to U.S. President
Kepemimpinan Dr. Noerhadi Magetsarisebagai kepala Arsip NasionalRI berlangsung
hingga tahun 1998. Sebagai penggantinya adalah DR.
Jokowi was born and raised in Surakarta, a city in the centre of Java northeast of
Yogyakarta. His father was a wood seller who plied his trade in the city’s streets,
and throughout much of Jokowi’s childhood he and his family lived in illegally
built shacks near the city’s flood-prone Solo River.
sejarah akan menitikberatkan pada pencatatan-pencatatan yang berarti dan penting
bagi manusia.
pemerintahan Britania di Indonesia secara resmi berakhir.[butuh rujukan]
The city is a market for the surrounding densely populated agricultural area, which
produces tobacco, sugar, rice, coconuts, fruits and vegetables, and cassava. The
making of batik cloth is a main industry, as are the manufacture of cigarettes,
furniture, and textiles; there is also metal casting and jewelry making. Local
handicrafts include pottery making, wood and bone carving, and the making of
musical instruments. The city is an important cultural centre for central Javanese
dance, music, and literature and is linked by road, rail, and air to the rest of
Java. Pop. (2010) 499,337.
Beberapa kesultanan yang juga pernah berdiri di Kepulauan Maluku, yaitu Jailolo,
Bacan, Tanah Hitu, Iha, dan Huamual.
Pada tanggal 26 April 1950 melalui SK Menteri PP dan K nomor 9052/B, nama Arsip
Negeri berubah menjadi Arsip Negara RIS. Sedangkan se
istilah Kobunsjokan yang ditempatkan dibawah Bunkyokyoku. Sebagaimana pegawai-
pegawai Belanda lainnya,
Fosil-fosil manusia purba seperti Homo erectus, yang oleh antropolog juga dijuluki
"Manusia Jawa", menimbulkan dugaan bahwa kepulauan Indonesia telah mulai
berpenghuni pada antara dua juta sampai 500.000 tahun yang lalu.
20. As Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping-down on corruption as
among his top priorities and as a necessary step to attract more foreign direct
investment to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that
emphasized helping the poor by improving public services, implementing land
reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measures.
ada masa pergerakan nasionalisme kebangsaan di Indonesia, terutama pada tahun 1926-
1929, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda berusaha menangkis dan menolak tuntutan Indonesia
Merdeka.
Ron Chernow’s Alexander Hamilton is not only the inspiration for a hit Broadway
musical, but also a work of creative genius itself. This massive undertaking of
over
From the origins and development of its individual elements (energy, mass, and
light) to their ramific
menegaskan, bahwa Arsip Nasional sebagai aparat teknis pemerintah tidak
bertentangan dengan UUD 1945, bahkan merupakan penyempurnaan pekerjaan
pelayaran dan perdagangan di Selat Malaka yang merupakan jalur perdagangan maritim
utama antara India dengan Tiongkok dan merupakan salah satu jalur pelayaran
terpenting di dunia. Dari perdagangan tersebut, banyak budaya-budaya asing yang
mempengaruhi dan bahkan berasimilasi dengan budaya-budaya lokal.[40] Nama Sriwijaya
mulai meredup dan diperkirakan runtuh pada awal abad ke-11. Dharmasraya kemudian
naik
Negara. Penetapan Arsip Nasional sebgai Lembaga Pemerintah Non Departemen diperkuat
melalui Surat Pimpinan MPRS No. A.9/1/24/MPRS/1967 yang
In 2005 Jokowi, as a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (Partai
Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan; PDI-P), won election as mayor of Surakarta—the
first person to be directly elected to that post. He was extraordinarily effective
in reducing crime and attracting foreign tourists to the city. His habit of making
spontaneous visits to poor neighbourhoods and his refusal to accept a salary for
his public service contributed to his reputation for humility and honesty. In 2010
Jokowi
dan Prancis mendirikan Republik Batavia (1795–1806) dan Kerajaan Hollandia (1806–
1810) yang berstatus sebagai negara bawahan Prancis. Dengan demikian, secara tidak
langsung Prancis adalah penguasa tertinggi Hindia Belanda. Pada 1810 Kerajaan
Hollandia dileburkan dalam Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis, sehingga wilayah Hindia
Belanda menjadi jajahan Prancis secara langsung. Meskipun demikian pemerintahan dan
pertahanan tetap dipegang oleh warga Belanda (termasuk Herman Willem Daendels yang
At the risk of sounding cliché, the best biographies do exactly this: bring their
subjects to life. A great biography isn’t just a laundry list of events that
happened to someone. Rather,
Indonesia terdiri dari berbagai suku bangsa, bahasa, dan agama. Berdasarkan rumpun
bangsa, Indonesia terdiri atas bangsa asli pribumi yakni Austronesia dan Melanesia
di mana bangsa Austronesia yang terbesar jumlahnya dan lebih banyak mendiami
Indonesia bagian barat. Dengan suku Jawa dan Sunda membentuk kelompok suku bangsa
terbesar dengan persentase mencapai 57% dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia.[21]
Semboyan nasional Indonesia, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Berbeda-beda tetapi tetap
satu), bermakna keberagaman sosial-budaya yang membentuk satu kesatuan negara.
Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan, political party in Indonesia formed in 1973 through
the forced merger of five non-Islamic political parties. In the final three decades
of the 20th century, it was one of two opposition parties officially recognized by
the government. Although it often was supportive of the policies of President
Suharto, its antigovernment faction—led by Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of
Sukarno,
pemerintahan Britania di Indonesia secara resmi berakhir.[butuh rujukan]
pengembalian lembaga-lembaga pemerintah. Sebagaimana tahun1945-1947, landsarchief
ditempatkan kembali di bawah Kementerian Pendidikan Pengajaran dan Kebudayaan (PP
dan K).
tersebut Arsip Nasional RI disingkat dengan ANRI. Perubahan yang cukup mencolok
adalah pengembangan struktur organisasi dengan
Nama alternatif untuk Inggris adalah Albion. Kata ini awalnya digunakan untuk
merujuk ke seluruh Pulau Britania Raya. Catatan paling awal dari nama ini muncul
dalam karya Aristoteles, Corpus Aristotelicum pada abad ke-4 SM.[22] Disebutkan
bahwa: "Di luar pilar-pilar Herkules terdapat lautan yang mengalir di sepanjang
bumi dan di dalamnya ada dua pulau sangat besar yang disebut Britannia; yang
terdiri dari Albion dan Ierne".[22] Kata Albion (Ἀλβίων) atau Pulau Albionum
kemungkinan memiliki dua asal-usul; dari kata Latin albus, yang berarti putih,
untuk merujuk ke tebing putih Dover,
dan organisasi kearsipan pada masa pemerintah Kolonial Belanda (landarchief) dan
produk-produk kearsipannya. Setelah kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, lembaga
kearsipan (landarchief) diambil oleh pemerintah RI
sejarah merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari apa yang telah diperbuat atau dilakukan
oleh manusia.
ada masa pergerakan nasionalisme kebangsaan di Indonesia, terutama pada tahun 1926-
1929, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda berusaha menangkis dan menolak tuntutan Indonesia
Merdeka.
Indonesia terdiri dari berbagai suku bangsa, bahasa, dan agama. Berdasarkan rumpun
bangsa, Indonesia terdiri atas bangsa asli pribumi yakni Austronesia dan Melanesia
di mana bangsa Austronesia yang terbesar jumlahnya dan lebih banyak mendiami
Indonesia bagian barat. Dengan suku Jawa dan Sunda membentuk kelompok suku bangsa
terbesar dengan persentase mencapai 57% dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia.[21]
Semboyan nasional Indonesia, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Berbeda-beda tetapi tetap
satu), bermakna keberagaman sosial-budaya yang membentuk satu kesatuan negara.
serta hak-hak dan kewajiban keuangan dan lain-lain. Tugas dan Fungsi Arsip Nasional
mengalami perluasan, sejak keluarnya Peraturan Presiden nomor
Dalam rangka penolakan tersebut, Lansarchief mendapat tugas khusus, yaitu: ikut
serta secara aktif dalam pekerjaan ilmiah untuk penulisan sejarah Hindia Belanda,
Later, when he entered politics, his populist appeal was rooted in part to those
humble beginnings.
Jokowi applied himself at school and won admittance to Gadjah Mada University in
Yogyakarta, from which he graduated (1985) with a degree in forestry engineering.
For several years he worked for a state-owned pulp mill in the Aceh region of
Pada masa pengambilalihan Landsarchief oleh pemerintah Republik Indonesia Serikat,
masih In the summer of 1951 the health of King George VI entered into a serious
decline, and Princess Elizabeth represented him at the Trooping the Colour and on
various other state occasions. On October 7 she and her husband set out on a highly
successful tour of Canada and Washington, D.C. After Christmas in England she and
the duke set out in January 1952 for a tour of Australia and New Zealand, but en
route, at Sagana, Kenya, news reached them of the king’s death on February 6, 1952.
Elizabeth, now queen, at once flew back to England. The first three months of her
reign, the period of full mourning for her father, were passed in comparative
seclusion. But in the summer, after she had moved from Clarence House to Buckingham
Palace, she undertook the routine duties of
it should weave a narrative and tell a story in almost the same way a novel does.
In this way, biography differs from the rest of nonfiction.
nomor 92 tahun 1993 tentang Kedudukan, Tugas, Fungsi, Susunan Organisasi dan Tata
Kerja Arsip Nasional RI. Berdasarkan Keppres
Moekhlis Paeni (mantan Deputi Konservasi ANRI dan mantan Kepala ANRI Wilayah Ujung
Pandang).Menurutnya, sejarah merupakan catatan dari apa yang telah dipikirkan,
diperbuat, dan dikatakan manusia.
Negeri diambil alih kembali oleh pemerintah Belanda. Nama Lembaga Arsip Negeri
berganti lagi menjadi Landsarchief kembali. Sebagai pimpinan Landsarchief adalah
Prof.W. Ph. Coolhaas yang menjabat hingga berdirinya Republik Indonesia
mother. This tale of Enrique’s perilous journey is not for the faint of heart, but
it is an
At the risk of sounding cliché, the best biographies do exactly this: bring their
subjects to life. A great biography isn’t just a laundry list of events that
happened to someone. Rather,
Just days later, on September 8, Elizabeth’s death, at age 96, shocked Britain and
the world. Prince Charles succeeded her on the throne as King Charles III. Ten days
of national commemoration of her life and legacy—long planned as “Operation London
Bridge”—followed. Notably, the queen lay in state for a day in St. Giles’ Cathedral
in Edinburgh and then for three days in Westminster Hall in London, outside of
which mourners stood in a line that stretched for miles, in some cases waiting for
more than 24 hours to view Elizabeth’s casket. Her sombre funeral ceremony in
Westminster Abbey on September 19 was attended by an estimated 100 heads of foreign
governments. Following a procession to Wellington Arch, during which Big Ben
tolled, the queen’s casket was borne by hearse to her final resting place in St.
George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle.
Langkah pertama yang diambil adalah memasukkan Arsip Nagara dalam Lembaga Sejarah
pada Kementerian PP dan K.
pelayaran dan perdagangan di Selat Malaka yang merupakan jalur perdagangan maritim
utama antara India dengan Tiongkok dan merupakan salah satu jalur pelayaran
terpenting di dunia. Dari perdagangan tersebut, banyak budaya-budaya asing yang
mempengaruhi dan bahkan berasimilasi dengan budaya-budaya lokal.[40] Nama Sriwijaya
mulai meredup dan diperkirakan runtuh pada awal abad ke-11. Dharmasraya kemudian
naik
The city has broad tree-lined streets and numerous historic buildings, including
most notably a palace (1745; of the susuhunan, one of the traditional princes of
central Java), a prince’s court (1788; that of the mangkunegaran, another
traditional ruler), and a Dutch fort (1779; now a garrison headquarters). Renowned
as an educational and cultural centre, Surakarta contains the
terdapat beberapa kesultanan yang juga berdiri di Jawa, yaitu Giri, Banten,
Fosil-fosil manusia purba seperti Homo erectus, yang oleh antropolog juga dijuluki
"Manusia Jawa", menimbulkan dugaan bahwa kepulauan Indonesia telah mulai
berpenghuni pada antara dua juta sampai 500.000 tahun yang lalu.
Selain memiliki penduduk yang padat dan wilayah yang luas, Indonesia memiliki alam
yang mendukung tingkat keanekaragaman hayati terbesar ke-2 di dunia.
Namun kebenaran tentang hal ini banyak diperdebatkan.[27]Di Pulau Jawa sendiri,
predikat kerajaan tertua di Pulau Jawa diduga dipegang oleh Salakanagara yang
berdiri pada abad ke-1 M di daerah sekitar Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Kerajaan ini
sendiri diperkirakan menjadi cikal bakal Tarumanagara yang berdiri pada tahun 358
Masehi. Keberadaan Salakanagara juga masih menjadi perdebatan di kalangan ahli
karena kurangnya bukti-bukti sejarah.[35]
ada masa pergerakan nasionalisme kebangsaan di Indonesia, terutama pada tahun 1926-
1929, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda berusaha menangkis dan menolak tuntutan Indonesia
Merdeka.
Lembaga kearsipan di Indonesia, seperti yang kita kenal sekarang ini, secara de
facto sudah ada sejak 28 Januari 1892,ketika Pemerintah Hindia Belanda mendirikan
Landarchief.
Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth’s
blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions
of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. The adulation
bestowed upon her both in her lifetime and in the ensuing centuries was not
altogether a spontaneous effusion. It was the result of a carefully crafted,
brilliantly executed campaign in which the queen fashioned herself as the
glittering symbol of the nation’s destiny. This political symbolism, common to
monarchies, had more substance than usual, for the queen was by no means a mere
figurehead. While she did not wield the absolute power of which Renaissance rulers
dreamed, she tenaciously upheld her authority to make critical decisions and to set
the central policies of both state and church. The latter half of the 16th century
in England is justly called the Elizabethan Age: rarely has the collective life of
a whole era been given so distinctively personal a stamp.
In June 2022 Britain celebrated Elizabeth’s 70 years on the throne with the
“Platinum Jubilee,” a four-day national holiday that included the Trooping the
Colour ceremony, a thanksgiving service at St. Paul’s Cathedral, a pop music
concert at Buckingham Palace, and a pageant that employed street arts, theatre,
music, circus, carnival, and costume to honour the queen’s reign. Health issues
limited Elizabeth’s involvement. Concerns about the queen’s health also led to a
break in tradition when, in September, she appointed Boris Johnson’s replacement as
prime minister, Liz Truss, at Balmoral rather than at Buckingham Palace, where she
had formally appointed more than a dozen prime ministers.
the sovereign and carried out her first state opening of Parliament on November 4,
1952. Her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953.
Pada masa kepemimpinan Drs. R. Mohammad Ali diupayakan berbagai usaha untuk
meningkatkan peran dan status lembaga Arsip Negara.
Setelah Majapahit mengalami kejatuhan, kesultanan-kesultanan bercorak Islam berdiri
dan berkembang pesat di Nusantara, terutama di Jawa. Kesultanan pertama di Pulau
Jawa yang telah diakui secara luas adalah Demak dan Cirebon yang berdiri pada abad
ke-15.[55][56] Namun beberapa waktu ini, beberapa pakar menemukan sejumlah bukti
tentang kesultanan Islam yang lebih tua, yaitu Lumajang, yang diperkirakan berdiri
pada akhir abad ke-13.[57] Setelah itu,
the sovereign and carried out her first state opening of Parliament on November 4,
1952. Her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953.
pengembalian lembaga-lembaga pemerintah. Sebagaimana tahun1945-1947, landsarchief
ditempatkan kembali di bawah Kementerian Pendidikan Pengajaran dan Kebudayaan (PP
dan K).
In June 2022 Britain celebrated Elizabeth’s 70 years on the throne with the
“Platinum Jubilee,” a four-day national holiday that included the Trooping the
Colour ceremony, a thanksgiving service at St. Paul’s Cathedral, a pop music
concert at Buckingham Palace, and a pageant that employed street arts, theatre,
music, circus, carnival, and costume to honour the queen’s reign. Health issues
limited Elizabeth’s involvement. Concerns about the queen’s health also led to a
break in tradition when, in September, she appointed Boris Johnson’s replacement as
prime minister, Liz Truss, at Balmoral rather than at Buckingham Palace, where she
had formally appointed more than a dozen prime ministers.
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian
presidential election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more
than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto.
Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally
challenged the election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously
rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take office on October
Fosil-fosil manusia purba seperti Homo erectus, yang oleh antropolog juga dijuluki
"Manusia Jawa", menimbulkan dugaan bahwa kepulauan Indonesia telah mulai
berpenghuni pada antara dua juta sampai 500.000 tahun yang lalu.
From the origins and development of its individual elements (energy, mass, and
light) to their ramific
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian
presidential election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more
than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto.
Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally
challenged the election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously
rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take office on October
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of
his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he
became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics
at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In
1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and
Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and
remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political
reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical
Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from
his post in 1945.
Lembaga kearsipan di Indonesia, seperti yang kita kenal sekarang ini, secara de
facto sudah ada sejak 28 Januari 1892,ketika Pemerintah Hindia Belanda mendirikan
Landarchief.
Moekhlis Paeni (mantan Deputi Konservasi ANRI dan mantan Kepala ANRI Wilayah Ujung
Pandang).Menurutnya, sejarah merupakan catatan dari apa yang telah dipikirkan,
diperbuat, dan dikatakan manusia.
University of Sebelas Maret, which was created in 1976 by consolidating five
existing institutions. The city also has several museums, an archive, and a number
of libraries, some with various text and multimedia collections available in
digital format.
20. As Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping-down on corruption as
among his top priorities and as a necessary step to attract more foreign direct
investment to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that
emphasized helping the poor by improving public services, implementing land
reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measures.
Perhaps the most impressive biographical feat of the twenty-first century, The
Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is about a woman whose cells
On the accession of Queen Elizabeth, her son Prince Charles became heir apparent;
he was named prince of Wales on July 26, 1958, and was so invested on July 1, 1969.
The queen’s other children were Princess Anne (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise), born
August 15, 1950, and created princess royal in 1987; Prince Andrew (Andrew Albert
Christian Edward), born February 19, 1960, and created duke of York in 1986; and
Prince Edward (Edward Anthony Richard Louis), born March 10, 1964, and created earl
of Wessex and Viscount Severn in 1999. All these children have the surname “of
Windsor,” but in 1960 Elizabeth decided to create the hyphenated name Mountbatten-
Windsor for other descendants not styled prince or princess and royal highness.
Elizabeth’s first grandchild (Princess Anne’s son) was born on November 15, 1977.
Elizabeth’s early years were not auspicious. She was born at Greenwich Palace, the
daughter of the Tudor king Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Henry had
defied the pope and broken England from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church
in order to dissolve his marriage with his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, who had
borne him a daughter, Mary. Since the king ardently hoped that Anne Boleyn would
give birth to a male heir, regarded as key to stable dynastic succession, the birth
of a second daughter was a bitter disappointment that dangerously weakened the new
queen’s position. Before Elizabeth reached her third birthday, her father had her
mother beheaded on charges of adultery and treason. Moreover, at Henry’s
instigation, an act of Parliament declared his marriage with Anne Boleyn invalid
from the beginning, thus making their daughter Elizabeth illegitimate, as Roman
Catholics had all along claimed her to be. (Apparently, the king was undeterred by
the logical inconsistency of simultaneously invalidating the marriage and accusing
his wife of adultery.) The emotional impact of these events on the little girl, who
had been brought up from infancy in a separate household at Hatfield, is not known;
presumably, no one thought it worth recording. What was noted was her precocious
seriousness; at six years old, it was admiringly observed, she had as much gravity
as if she had been 40.
The city is a market for the surrounding densely populated agricultural area, which
produces tobacco, sugar, rice, coconuts, fruits and vegetables, and cassava. The
making of batik cloth is a main industry, as are the manufacture of cigarettes,
furniture, and textiles; there is also metal casting and jewelry making. Local
handicrafts include pottery making, wood and bone carving, and the making of
musical instruments. The city is an important cultural centre for central Javanese
dance, music, and literature and is linked by road, rail, and air to the rest of
Java. Pop. (2010) 499,337.
arsiparis di ANRI meningkat drastis. Puncaknya adalah tahun 1995-1996, dimana
jumlah arsiparis di ANRI Pusat mencapai 137 orang.
Fosil-fosil manusia purba seperti Homo erectus, yang oleh antropolog juga dijuluki
"Manusia Jawa", menimbulkan dugaan bahwa kepulauan Indonesia telah mulai
berpenghuni pada antara dua juta sampai 500.000 tahun yang lalu.
Beberapa kesultanan yang juga pernah berdiri di Kepulauan Maluku, yaitu Jailolo,
Bacan, Tanah Hitu, Iha, dan Huamual.
traveled all over Britain and Northern Ireland, and toured overseas in the South
Pacific and Australia, in Canada, and in the Caribbean.
Indonesia terdiri dari berbagai suku bangsa, bahasa, dan agama. Berdasarkan rumpun
bangsa, Indonesia terdiri atas bangsa asli pribumi yakni Austronesia dan Melanesia
di mana bangsa Austronesia yang terbesar jumlahnya dan lebih banyak mendiami
Indonesia bagian barat. Dengan suku Jawa dan Sunda membentuk kelompok suku bangsa
terbesar dengan persentase mencapai 57% dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia.[21]
Semboyan nasional Indonesia, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Berbeda-beda tetapi tetap
satu), bermakna keberagaman sosial-budaya yang membentuk satu kesatuan negara.
impacted by the American “Dust Bowl” — hundreds of people entrenched in poverty,
whose humanity Evans and Agee desperately implore their audience to see in their
book.
Di Kepulauan Maluku, terdapat dua kesultanan besar yang terkenal, yaitu Ternate dan
Tidore yang berpusat di wilayah yang saat ini termasuk dalam wilayah Maluku Utara.
[63] Wilayah Ternate pada masa kejayaannya, yaitu pada abad ke-16, mencakup Pulau
Ternate, sebagian kecil Pulau Halmahera, Kepulauan Maluku bagian tengah, Pulau
Sulawesi bagian utara dan timur, hingga ke Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sementara itu,
Tidore pada masa kejayaannya yang juga pada abad ke-16 meliputi Pulau Tidore,
sebagian besar Pulau Halmahera, hingga ke Papua Barat.[64]
Selain memiliki penduduk yang padat dan wilayah yang luas, Indonesia memiliki alam
yang mendukung tingkat keanekaragaman hayati terbesar ke-2 di dunia.
traveled all over Britain and Northern Ireland, and toured overseas in the South
Pacific and Australia, in Canada, and in the Caribbean.
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of
his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he
became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics
at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In
1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and
Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and
remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political
reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical
Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from
his post in 1945.
His success at the polls was viewed by many analysts as marking the beginning of a
new, more democratic era of Indonesian politics.
pemerintahan Britania di Indonesia secara resmi berakhir.[butuh rujukan]
Indonesia’s first president—was instrumental in Suharto’s fall from power in 1998.
Elizabeth was known to favour simplicity in court life and was also known to take a
serious and informed interest in government business, aside from the traditional
and ceremonial duties. Privately, she became a keen horsewoman; she kept
racehorses, frequently attended races, and periodically visited the Kentucky stud
farms in the United States. Her financial and property holdings made her one of the
world’s richest women.
ada masa pergerakan nasionalisme kebangsaan di Indonesia, terutama pada tahun 1926-
1929, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda berusaha menangkis dan menolak tuntutan Indonesia
Merdeka.
whose cancer cells were taken, without her knowledge, for medical testing — and
without whom we wouldn’t have many of the critical cures we depend upon today.
completely changed the trajectory of modern medicine. Rebecca Skloot skillfully
commemorates the previously unknown life of a poor black woman
pengembalian lembaga-lembaga pemerintah. Sebagaimana tahun1945-1947, landsarchief
ditempatkan kembali di bawah Kementerian Pendidikan Pengajaran dan Kebudayaan (PP
dan K).
berdasarkan luas wilayah.[catatan 3] Penduduk Inggris berjumlah sekitar 53 juta
jiwa, atau sekitar 84% dari total populasi Britania Raya, sebagian besarnya
terkonsentrasi di London, Inggris Tenggara, dan kawasan-kawasan konurbasi di
Midlands, Barat Laut, Timur Laut dan Yorkshire, masing-masing wilayah ini
dikembangkan sebagai daerah industri utama selama abad ke-19. Sedangkan kawasan
padang rumput terdapat di luar wilayah kota-kota besar.dan Prancis mendirikan
Republik Batavia (1795–1806) dan Kerajaan Hollandia (1806–1810) yang berstatus
sebagai negara bawahan Prancis. Dengan demikian, secara tidak langsung Prancis
adalah penguasa tertinggi Hindia Belanda. Pada 1810 Kerajaan Hollandia dileburkan
dalam Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis, sehingga wilayah Hindia Belanda menjadi jajahan
Prancis secara langsung. Meskipun demikian pemerintahan dan pertahanan tetap
dipegang oleh warga Belanda (termasuk Herman Willem Daendels yang
whose cancer cells were taken, without her knowledge, for medical testing — and
without whom we wouldn’t have many of the critical cures we depend upon today.
tersebut Arsip Nasional RI disingkat dengan ANRI. Perubahan yang cukup mencolok
adalah pengembangan struktur organisasi dengan
Joko Widodo, byname Jokowi, (born June 21, 1961, Surakarta, Central Java,
Indonesia), Indonesian businessman, politician, and government official who served
as governor of Jakarta (2012–14) and as president of Indonesia (2014– ). Joko
Widodo, commonly called Jokowi, who attracted international attention with his
populist style of campaigning and his anticorruption platform, became the first
Indonesian president who did not have a military background or belong to one of the
country’s prominent political families.
kamp tawanan Jepang. Meskipun demikian, pada masa tersebut posisi Landarchief
sangat penting bagi orang-orang Belanda yang ingin mendapatkan keterangan asal-usul
keturunannya.
was reelected mayor with more than 90 percent of the vote. He was later ranked as
the third best mayor in the world by the international City Mayors Foundation.
During his gubernatorial run in Jakarta in 2012, Jokowi began to be widely compared
in the media to U.S. President
serta hak-hak dan kewajiban keuangan dan lain-lain. Tugas dan Fungsi Arsip Nasional
mengalami perluasan, sejak keluarnya Peraturan Presiden nomor
peninggalan-peninggalan orang Belanda. Pada tahun 1940-1942 pemerintah Hindia
Belanda menerbitkan Arschief Ordonantie yang bertujuan menjamin keselamatan arsip-
arsip pemerintah Hindia Belanda,
Ron Chernow’s Alexander Hamilton is not only the inspiration for a hit Broadway
musical, but also a work of creative genius itself. This massive undertaking of
over
Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth’s
blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions
of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. The adulation
bestowed upon her both in her lifetime and in the ensuing centuries was not
altogether a spontaneous effusion. It was the result of a carefully crafted,
brilliantly executed campaign in which the queen fashioned herself as the
glittering symbol of the nation’s destiny. This political symbolism, common to
monarchies, had more substance than usual, for the queen was by no means a mere
figurehead. While she did not wield the absolute power of which Renaissance rulers
dreamed, she tenaciously upheld her authority to make critical decisions and to set
the central policies of both state and church. The latter half of the 16th century
in England is justly called the Elizabethan Age: rarely has the collective life of
a whole era been given so distinctively personal a stamp.
awalnya mengusulkan istilah Indunesia dan Malayunesia untuk penduduk pulauan Hindia
atau Kepulauan
In 2002 Elizabeth celebrated her 50th year on the throne. As part of her “Golden
Jubilee,” events were held throughout the Commonwealth, including several days of
festivities in London. The celebrations were somewhat diminished by the deaths of
Elizabeth’s mother and sister early in the year. Beginning in the latter part of
the first decade of the 21st century, the public standing of the royal family
rebounded, and even Charles’s 2005 marriage to Camilla Parker Bowles found much
support among the British people. In April 2011 Elizabeth led the family in
celebrating the wedding of Prince William of Wales—the elder son of Charles and
Diana—and Catherine Middleton. The following month she surpassed George III to
become the second longest-reigning monarch in British history, behind Victoria.
Also in May, Elizabeth made a historic trip to Ireland, becoming both the first
British monarch to visit the Irish republic and the first to set foot in Ireland
since 1911. In 2012 Elizabeth celebrated her “Diamond Jubilee,” marking 60 years on
the throne. On September 9, 2015, she surpassed Victoria’s record reign of 63 years
and 216 days.
His success at the polls was viewed by many analysts as marking the beginning of a
new, more democratic era of Indonesian politics.
Just days later, on September 8, Elizabeth’s death, at age 96, shocked Britain and
the world. Prince Charles succeeded her on the throne as King Charles III. Ten days
of national commemoration of her life and legacy—long planned as “Operation London
Bridge”—followed. Notably, the queen lay in state for a day in St. Giles’ Cathedral
in Edinburgh and then for three days in Westminster Hall in London, outside of
which mourners stood in a line that stretched for miles, in some cases waiting for
more than 24 hours to view Elizabeth’s casket. Her sombre funeral ceremony in
Westminster Abbey on September 19 was attended by an estimated 100 heads of foreign
governments. Following a procession to Wellington Arch, during which Big Ben
tolled, the queen’s casket was borne by hearse to her final resting place in St.
George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle.
Just days later, on September 8, Elizabeth’s death, at age 96, shocked Britain and
the world. Prince Charles succeeded her on the throne as King Charles III. Ten days
of national commemoration of her life and legacy—long planned as “Operation London
Bridge”—followed. Notably, the queen lay in state for a day in St. Giles’ Cathedral
in Edinburgh and then for three days in Westminster Hall in London, outside of
which mourners stood in a line that stretched for miles, in some cases waiting for
more than 24 hours to view Elizabeth’s casket. Her sombre funeral ceremony in
Westminster Abbey on September 19 was attended by an estimated 100 heads of foreign
governments. Following a procession to Wellington Arch, during which Big Ben
tolled, the queen’s casket was borne by hearse to her final resting place in St.
George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle.
Here’s another bio that will reshape your views of a famed historical tyrant,
though this time in a surprisingly favorable light. Decorated scholar Andrew
Roberts delves into the life of Napoleon Bonaparte, from his near-flawless military
instincts to his complex and confusing relationship with his wife. But Roberts’
attitude toward his subject is what really makes this work shine: rather than
ridiculing him (as it would undoubtedly be easy to do), he approaches the “petty
tyrant” with a healthy amount of deference.
Indonesia’s first president—was instrumental in Suharto’s fall from power in 1998.
Because of the political situation worsened after the outbreak of G-30-S/PKI, MPRS
Special Assembly, March 1967, appointed Soeharto as the President, inaugurated as
the second President of the Republic of Indonesia, March 1968. President Suharto
ruled for more than three decades through the election six times, until he
resigned, May 21, 1998.
Lembaga kearsipan di Indonesia, seperti yang kita kenal sekarang ini, secara de
facto sudah ada sejak 28 Januari 1892,ketika Pemerintah Hindia Belanda mendirikan
Landarchief.
sejarah merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari apa yang telah diperbuat atau dilakukan
oleh manusia.
serta hak-hak dan kewajiban keuangan dan lain-lain. Tugas dan Fungsi Arsip Nasional
mengalami perluasan, sejak keluarnya Peraturan Presiden nomor
Barack Obama, in part because there was a physical resemblance but also because
Jokowi largely fit the Obama mold as a charismatic nontraditional politician.
Jokowi ousted the incumbent, Fauzi Bowo, in the second round of that election, and,
as governor of Jakarta, he launched programs aimed at improving Jakartans’ access
to health care and education.
Sejak Belanda melancarkan agresi militer yang pertama dan Elizabeth was the elder
daughter of Prince Albert, duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.
As the child of a younger son of King George V, the young Elizabeth had little
prospect of acceding to the throne until her uncle, Edward VIII (afterward duke of
Windsor), abdicated in her father’s favour on December 11, 1936, at which time her
father became King George VI and she became heir presumptive. The princess’s
education was supervised by her mother, who entrusted her daughters to a governess,
Marion Crawford; the princess was also grounded in history by C.H.K. Marten,
afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visiting teachers in
music and languages. During World War II she and her sister, Princess Margaret
Rose, perforce spent much of their time safely away from the London
The queen seemed increasingly aware of the modern role of the monarchy, allowing,
for example, the televising of the royal family’s domestic life in 1970 and
condoning the formal dissolution of her sister’s marriage in 1978. In the 1990s,
however, the royal family faced a number of challenges. In 1992, a year that
Elizabeth referred to as the royal family’s annus horribilis, Prince Charles and
his wife, Diana, princess of Wales, separated, as did Prince Andrew and his wife,
Sarah, duchess of York. Moreover, Anne divorced, and a fire gutted the royal
residence of Windsor Castle. In addition, as the country struggled with a
recession, resentment over the royals’ lifestyle mounted, and in 1992 Elizabeth,
although personally exempt, agreed to pay taxes on her private income. The
separation and later divorce (1996) of Charles and the immensely popular Diana
further eroded support for the royal family, which was viewed by some as antiquated
and unfeeling. The criticism intensified following Diana’s death in 1997,
especially after Elizabeth initially refused to allow the national flag to fly at
half-staff over Buckingham Palace. In line with her earlier attempts at modernizing
the monarchy, the queen subsequently sought to present a less-stuffy and less-
traditional image of the monarchy. These attempts were met with mixed success.
it should weave a narrative and tell a story in almost the same way a novel does.
In this way, biography differs from the rest of nonfiction.
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian
presidential election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more
than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto.
Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally
challenged the election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously
rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take office on October
The marriage of Lieutenant Colonel Suharto and Siti Hartinah held on December 26,
1947 in Solo. Suharto was 26 years old at that time and Hartinah 24 years old. They
had six sons and daughters, Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang
Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Herijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra and Siti Hutami Endang
Adiningsih.
Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month
round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to
Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. In 1957, after state
visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United
States. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in
50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South
America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). During her “Silver
Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the
36 members of the Commonwealth,
dan Prancis mendirikan Republik Batavia (1795–1806) dan Kerajaan Hollandia (1806–
1810) yang berstatus sebagai negara bawahan Prancis. Dengan demikian, secara tidak
langsung Prancis adalah penguasa tertinggi Hindia Belanda. Pada 1810 Kerajaan
Hollandia dileburkan dalam Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis, sehingga wilayah Hindia
Belanda menjadi jajahan Prancis secara langsung. Meskipun demikian pemerintahan dan
pertahanan tetap dipegang oleh warga Belanda (termasuk Herman Willem Daendels yang
Pada masa kepemimpinan beliau terjadi perubahan struktur organisasi yang baru
dengan dikeluarkannya Keputusan Presiden RI
peninggalan-peninggalan orang Belanda. Pada tahun 1940-1942 pemerintah Hindia
Belanda menerbitkan Arschief Ordonantie yang bertujuan menjamin keselamatan arsip-
arsip pemerintah Hindia Belanda,
dan Prancis mendirikan Republik Batavia (1795–1806) dan Kerajaan Hollandia (1806–
1810) yang berstatus sebagai negara bawahan Prancis. Dengan demikian, secara tidak
langsung Prancis adalah penguasa tertinggi Hindia Belanda. Pada 1810 Kerajaan
Hollandia dileburkan dalam Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis, sehingga wilayah Hindia
Belanda menjadi jajahan Prancis secara langsung. Meskipun demikian pemerintahan dan
pertahanan tetap dipegang oleh warga Belanda (termasuk Herman Willem Daendels yang
Here’s another bio that will reshape your views of a famed historical tyrant,
though this time in a surprisingly favorable light. Decorated scholar Andrew
Roberts delves into the life of Napoleon Bonaparte, from his near-flawless military
instincts to his complex and confusing relationship with his wife. But Roberts’
attitude toward his subject is what really makes this work shine: rather than
ridiculing him (as it would undoubtedly be easy to do), he approaches the “petty
tyrant” with a healthy amount of deference.
Because of the political situation worsened after the outbreak of G-30-S/PKI, MPRS
Special Assembly, March 1967, appointed Soeharto as the President, inaugurated as
the second President of the Republic of Indonesia, March 1968. President Suharto
ruled for more than three decades through the election six times, until he
resigned, May 21, 1998.
Perubahan itu ditetapkan melalui Surat Keputusan Menteri nomor 130433/5, tanggal 24
Desember 1957.
Beliau adalah salah satu tokoh dalam perjuangan militer Indonesia, dan telah
menjadi tentara pada 3 zaman, yaitu zaman Belanda, zaman Jepang, dan zaman
kemerdekaan.
dan organisasi kearsipan pada masa pemerintah Kolonial Belanda (landarchief) dan
produk-produk kearsipannya. Setelah kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, lembaga
kearsipan (landarchief) diambil oleh pemerintah RI
peninggalan-peninggalan orang Belanda. Pada tahun 1940-1942 pemerintah Hindia
Belanda menerbitkan Arschief Ordonantie yang bertujuan menjamin keselamatan arsip-
arsip pemerintah Hindia Belanda,
Pada tanggal 26 April 1950 melalui SK Menteri PP dan K nomor 9052/B, nama Arsip
Negeri berubah menjadi Arsip Negara RIS. Sedangkan se
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of
his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he
became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics
at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In
1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and
Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and
remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political
reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical
Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from
his post in 1945.
Non Departemen yang bertanggungjawab langsung kepada Presiden. Sementara anggaran
pembelanjaannya dibebankan kepada anggaran Sekretariat
pada tahun 1811, sejak ditandatanganinya Kapitulasi Tuntang yang salah satunya
berisi penyerahan Pulau Jawa dari Belanda kepada Britania, Pada tahun 1814
dilakukanlah Konvensi London yang isinya pemerintah Belanda berkuasa kembali atas
wilayah jajahan Britania di Indonesia. Lalu baru pada tahun 1816,
berkuasa 1808–1811 dan dikenal pro-Prancis) Kekuasaan Prancis berakhir pada tahun
1811 ketika Britania mengalahkan kekuatan Belanda-Prancis di pulau Jawa.[butuh
rujukan]
serta hak-hak dan kewajiban keuangan dan lain-lain. Tugas dan Fungsi Arsip Nasional
mengalami perluasan, sejak keluarnya Peraturan Presiden nomor
What if you had twenty-four different people living inside you, and you never knew
which one was going to come out? Such was the life of Billy Milligan, the subject
of this haunting biography by the author of Flowers for Algernon. Keyes recounts,
in a refreshingly straightforward style, the events of Billy’s life and how his
psyche came to be “split”... as well as how, with Keyes’ help, he attempted to put
the fragments of himself back together.
mengembangkan SDM di bidang kearsipan; yakni merekrut pegawai baru sebagai
arsiparis. Oleh karena itu, pada masa tersebut jumlah
Namun kebenaran tentang hal ini banyak diperdebatkan.[27]Di Pulau Jawa sendiri,
predikat kerajaan tertua di Pulau Jawa diduga dipegang oleh Salakanagara yang
berdiri pada abad ke-1 M di daerah sekitar Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Kerajaan ini
sendiri diperkirakan menjadi cikal bakal Tarumanagara yang berdiri pada tahun 358
Masehi. Keberadaan Salakanagara juga masih menjadi perdebatan di kalangan ahli
karena kurangnya bukti-bukti sejarah.[35]
sejarah merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari apa yang telah diperbuat atau dilakukan
oleh manusia.
penyelenggaraan segala urusan Arsip Nasional dipindahkan ke Kementerian Pertama RI,
termasuk wewenang, tugas dan kewajiban, perlengkapan materiil dan personalia,
blitz and separated from their parents, living mostly at Balmoral Castle in
Scotland and at the Royal Lodge, Windsor, and Windsor Castle.
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian
presidential election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more
than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto.
Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally
challenged the election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously
rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take office on October
penyelenggaraan segala urusan Arsip Nasional dipindahkan ke Kementerian Pertama RI,
termasuk wewenang, tugas dan kewajiban, perlengkapan materiil dan personalia,
Titled after one of her most evocative poems, this shimmering bio of Sylvia Plath
takes an unusual approach. Instead of focusing on her years of depression and
tempestuous marriage to poet Ted Hughes, it chronicles her life before she ever
came to Cambridge. Wilson closely examines her early family and relationships,
feelings and experiences, with information taken from her meticulous diaries —
setting a strong precedent for other Plath biographers to follow.
awalnya mengusulkan istilah Indunesia dan Malayunesia untuk penduduk pulauan Hindia
atau Kepulauan
sejarah merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari apa yang telah diperbuat atau dilakukan
oleh manusia.
Tahun 1967 merupakan suatu periode yang sangat penting bagi Arsip Nasional,
tersebut Arsip Nasional RI disingkat dengan ANRI. Perubahan yang cukup mencolok
adalah pengembangan struktur organisasi dengan
The marriage of Lieutenant Colonel Suharto and Siti Hartinah held on December 26,
1947 in Solo. Suharto was 26 years old at that time and Hartinah 24 years old. They
had six sons and daughters, Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang
Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Herijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra and Siti Hutami Endang
Adiningsih.
ada masa pergerakan nasionalisme kebangsaan di Indonesia, terutama pada tahun 1926-
1929, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda berusaha menangkis dan menolak tuntutan Indonesia
Merdeka.
Namun kebenaran tentang hal ini banyak diperdebatkan.[27]Di Pulau Jawa sendiri,
predikat kerajaan tertua di Pulau Jawa diduga dipegang oleh Salakanagara yang
berdiri pada abad ke-1 M di daerah sekitar Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Kerajaan ini
sendiri diperkirakan menjadi cikal bakal Tarumanagara yang berdiri pada tahun 358
Masehi. Keberadaan Salakanagara juga masih menjadi perdebatan di kalangan ahli
karena kurangnya bukti-bukti sejarah.[35]
Secara yuridis, keberadaan lembaga kearsipan Indonesia dimulai sejak
diproklamasikan kemerdekaan Indonesia 17 Agustus 1945.
Setelah Majapahit mengalami kejatuhan, kesultanan-kesultanan bercorak Islam berdiri
dan berkembang pesat di Nusantara, terutama di Jawa. Kesultanan pertama di Pulau
Jawa yang telah diakui secara luas adalah Demak dan Cirebon yang berdiri pada abad
ke-15.[55][56] Namun beberapa waktu ini, beberapa pakar menemukan sejumlah bukti
tentang kesultanan Islam yang lebih tua, yaitu Lumajang, yang diperkirakan berdiri
pada akhir abad ke-13.[57] Setelah itu,
kamp tawanan Jepang. Meskipun demikian, pada masa tersebut posisi Landarchief
sangat penting bagi orang-orang Belanda yang ingin mendapatkan keterangan asal-usul
keturunannya.
Para cendekiawan India telah menulis tentang Dwipantara atau kerajaan Hindu Jawa
Dwipa di Pulau Jawa dan Sumatra atau Swarna Dwipa sekitar 200 SM.
Serikat (RIS) dan diakuinya kedaulatan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia oleh Belanda
pada akhir tahun 1949. Setelah itu lemb