WIR102:Modul#4

ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and

Its Developments

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 1

Obyektif Pelatihan

z Setelah menyelesaikan modul ini, peserta

diharapkan mengerti standar-standar dari
ETSI dan perkembangannya, meliputi: GSM,
GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, hingga HSDPA

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 2

Agenda Modul#4

z Sejarah GSM dan Perkembangannya

z Alokasi frekuensi GSM
z Arsitektur Jaringan GSM
z Kanal-kanal GSM
z GSM Operation Example

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 3

Latar Belakang: Standarisasi

The US Way
Let industry think about something,
let it prove that it works, and then
make a standard out of it.

The European Way

Get all the players in the industry around
a table and let the brood over a standard
that suits everybody, write the standard
down, and then let industry make it work.

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 4

Latar Belakang: Distribusi pelanggan GSM
z GSM digunakan oleh 70% pelanggan mobile diseluruh dunia
z 564 M subs / 800 M subs (July 2001)
z Terutama dideploy di Europe (59%) dan Asia (33%)
z ATT & Cingular deploying GSM di US saat ini

Number of subscribers 2005

in the world (Jul 2001)

PDC
CDMA
7%
12%
US TDMA
10%

GSM
71%
2001 Ada kecenderungan
keinginan/kebutuhan kecepatan
Source: EMC W orld Cellular / GSM Association
data yang lebih tinggi

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 5

[1] Introduction: Latarbelakang Sejarah

z 1980-an: Eropa menggunakan berbagai standar teknologi seluler

analog: TACS, ETACS, NMT450, NMT900, Netz, dll.
z Operation was limited to various national boundaries
z Poor roaming capabilities, poor economies of scale in mfg.
z Tahun 1982, CEPT (Conference of European Posts and
Telegraphs) membentuk studi grup untuk membuat standar 2G
bersama Eropa
z « Groupe Special Mobile », kemudian diubah menjadi « Global
System for Mobile »
z Layanan GSM diluncurkan tahun 1990 (Phase 1)
z time division multiple access (8 kanal per 200KHz)
z 900 MHz band; kemudian diperluas ke 1800MHz (DCS1800)
z Ditambahkan pula untuk frekuensi 1900 MHz (US PCS bands)
z GSM adalah standar dominan di dunia saat ini
z Non proprietary Æ semua boleh membuat device, jaringan
z Well defined standar interface terbuka; banyak kompetitor Æ
kemungkinan produksi massal sehingga murah

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 6

GSM Standard Organization

European Telecommunications
GSM Specifications Series
Standards Institute (ETSI)
01 General
Technical 02 Service Aspects
Committees (TC) 03 Network Aspects
04 MS-BSS Interface & Protocols
Special Mobile 05 Physical Layer on Radio Path
Group (SMG) 06 Speech Coding Spec.
07 Terminal Adapters for MS
08 BSS-MSC interface
UMTS RACE 09 Networking Interface
IMT-2000 ACTS 10 Service Internetworking
GSM MoU 11 Equipment Spec.
12 Operations & Maintenance
SMG Subgroups 1-9

Sample: GSM 05.02 Multiplexing and Multiple Access on the Radio Path
ANSI T1P1 Version: J-STD-007A Vol. 1, Sec. 2 Multiplexing and Multiple Access on the Radio Path

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 7

[1] Introduction: Perbedaan Terminologi Eropa Vs Amerika

Amerika Eropa

Ini sektor
Ini sel

Ini handoff!!
Disebut handover
Frekuensi yang digunakan di tiap
sektor disebut Channel Set Frekuensi yang digunakan di tiap
sektor disebut Channel Allocation
Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 8
[1] Introduction: Evolusi Layanan Data GSM

n g
ya <470 kbps
WCDMA
Evolution a ta
nd 384 - 2048 kbps
p ata
ce EDGE
ke EGPRS
uk
nt
iu
ip as g i
tis in g
An ih t GPRS
leb
WCDMA
HSCSD 9 - 53.6 kbps Phase I

9.6 - 28.8 kbps 144 - 384 kbps

GSM
Data
9.6 kbps

1998 1999 2000 2001

Time
Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 9

Evolusi GSM

2G 2.5G 2.75G 3G 3.5G

GSM UMTS UMTS UMTS

GPRS Release 5
Data Release 99 Release 4

• Circuit switch • adds PS Domain, in • GSM RAN • Separation • HSDPA (High

• GSM RAN parallel to CS replaced by transport and Speed Downlink
• (< 10 kbps) Domain UTRAN control in CS Packet Access)
• higher transmission - WCDMA domain Æ16 Mbps
rates than GSM - QPSK • < 2,048 kbps • 16 QAM
(max 115 kb/s) • <384 kbps • CS domain modulation
• Shared radio • Support QoS may also IP
channel Classes based

1998 1999 2000 2001 2005

Time

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 10

 Evolusi Arsitektur GSM

Menuju UMTS

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 11

Jalur Migrasi GSM

z Komunitas GSM membuat

transisi ke 3G dalam 3 fase
berbeda
Penambahan
z Fase 1 Æ menambah jaringan radio infrastruktur GPRS-
packet sebagai sebuah overlay pada EDGE Network
struktur eksisting
z Fase 2 Æ Mengganti BS dan BSC WCDMA UMTS Release
dengan sub-network UTRA 99 (tahap awal)
(Universal Terrestrial Radio Access)
z Fase 3 Æ memperkenalkan handset
UMTS (Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System)
beserta SIM (Subscriber Identity
Module)
z Fungsi-fungsi utama jaringan
dipertahankan selama 3 fase migrasi
tersebut

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 12

Service Continuity Strategy

Aligned Service Offering Same services

Seamless Handover Experience No interrupts

Speech
GSM WCDMA
Web browsing/SMS/MMS
GSM/EDGE WCDMA

QoS Streaming
GSM/EDGE WCDMA
Video telephony
GSM/EDGE WCDMA
Pending future releases

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 13

Jalur Migrasi Umum GSM

Radio Access
Core Network Network

• GPRS memberikan modifikasi pada Core Network (GGSN dan SGSN),

sebagian kecil pada Radio Access Network (PCU), dan pada MS
• Tujuannya untuk membiasakan pelanggan pada layanan data

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 14

Jalur Migrasi Umum GSM

• UMTS merupakan modifikasi total pada Radio Access Network (RAN) Æ

disebut UTRAN (UMTS Terestrial Radio Access Network)
• Perangkat user samasekali juga baru Æ ada juga dual mode GSM/UMTS

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 15

GSM circuit switched data

A’’ A
BTS BSC MSC/VLR HLR

Radio Network Core Network

GSM awalnya didesain untuk suara

Adapaun kecepatan data CS:
- Circuit switched data Æ 9.6kbps & 14.4 kbps
- dengan HSCSD Æ max 4TS = 57.6kbps

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 16

GPRS
Introduction of packet switched data

A’’ A
BTS BSC MSC/VLR HLR

IP
Network

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 17

GPRS
Introduction of packet switched data

A’’ A
BTS BSC MSC/VLR HLR
Gr (MAP)

Gb
Gs

IP
Gi (IP)
Network
SGSN GGSN

Packet data introduction in GSM

- Coding schemes CS1…CS4 Æ max. 20kbps/TS
- today max 4TS = max. 80kbps
- practical data rates Æ 10-14kbps/TS
More resource efficient data solution (users
“share” data channels)

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 18

Apa itu GPRS ?

zBagian dari GSM phase 2+

zGeneral Packet Radio Service
• General Æ tidak dibatasi untuk GSM (mungkin utk DECT, 3G, dst)
• Packet Radio Æ memungkinkan mode komunikasi paket melalui jaringan
mobile.
• Service, (layanan) Æ bukan System Æ menggunakan infrastruktur existing
BSS (sebagian juga NSS)
zMemerlukan beberapa elemen jaringan baru pada NSS
zMemberikan koneksi kepada jaringan paket data eksternal
(Misalkan Internet, X.25)
zKeuntungan utama
• Resources di alokasikan hanya ketika diperlukan dan di-charged (billing)
berdasarkan volume data
• Waktu setup koneksi terkurangi (always connected)
• Enables new service opportunities

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 19

Bagaimana GPRS bekerja ?

GPRS “mencuri"
kanal TCH (timeslot) 16
Yang sedang tidak 14 Free
digunakan untuk Capacity
12
komunikasi suara
10

TCH 8

16 4
14
Capacity occupied by CS traffic
12 2
10
TCH

8
0
6
4 1:00 PM 1:15 PM 1:30 PM 1:45 PM
2
0
3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 20

 Bagaimana GPRS bekerja?

• Jumlah TimeSlot yang dipakai untuk GPRS bisa bersifat

tetap Æ fixed allocation
• Juga bisa bersifat dinamis, tergantung TimeSlot yang
tersisa Æ dinamic allocation

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 21

GSM
Evolved packet switched data Æ EDGE

EDGE = Enhanced Datarate for GSM Evolution

A’’ A
BTS BSC MSC/VLR HLR
Gr (MAP)

Gb
Gs

IP
Gi (IP)
Network
SGSN GGSN
ED
GE
Packet switched core not affected
Evolved packet data in GSM
- Coding schemes MCS1..MCS9 Æ max. 59.2kbps/TS
- today max 4TS = max. 236.8kbps
- practical data rates Æ 40kbps/TS
Highest spectral efficiency for GSM based data
bearers

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 22

EDGE Air Interface

z Meningkatkan performansi data packet GPRS

dengan modulasi baru dan coding adaptif
z efisiensi spektral lebih tinggi dari GPRS (3
bit/symbol Vs. 1 bit/symbol)
z Modulasi 8-PSK/GMSK pada 271 ksps dengan
bandwidth 200 KHz mampu mencapai 8.2 to 59.2
kbps per time slot
z Mampu mencapai data rate 384 kbps
z EDGE mampu melakukan :
z Mode Link Adaptation
z Kombinasi Link Adaptation dengan Incremental Rate

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 23

Coding Rates untuk GPRS & EDGE

GPRS Rate Code
Rate
CS1 9.05kb/s 0.5
CS2 13.4kb/s 0.66 EDGE –– Aspek
Aspek Kunci
Kunci
CS3 15.6kb/s 0.75
GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)CS4 21.4kb/s 1.0
•Skema modulasi baru
Rate Code - 8PSK
EDGE Rate
MCS1 8.8 kb/s 0.53
MCS2 11.2 kb/s 0.66
MCS3 14.8 kb/s 0.80 • 200 KHz Channel spacing
GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol) MCS4 17.6 kb/s 1.00 - tetap tidak
berubah
EDGE = GMSK + PSK
• Symbol rate tidak berubah
Rate Code Rate
MCS5 22.4 kb/s 0.37 - 270k symbol/s
MCS6 29.6 kb/s 0.49 Tetapi
MCS7 44.8 kb/s 0.76
MCS8 59.2 kb/s 1.00
- 3 bits/symbol
8-PSK (3 bit/s/symbol)
Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 24
Addition of UMTS to GSM

A’’ A
GSM/EDGE BTS BSC MSC/VLR
Gr (MAP)
HLR
Radio Access
Gs
Iu Gb
IP
Gi (IP)
Iub Network
SGSN GGSN
Node B RNC Iucs
UMTS
Radio Access
Network
BGW

Introduction of new radio modulation Æ WCDMA

Common core network for GSM & WCDMA
UTRAN & GSM RAN access
Seamless functionality (Traffic Control & Service continuity)
Further evolution of WCDMA radio access (HSDPA). Phased
introduction of packet bearers up to 14Mbits

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 25

UMTS: Perubahan Utama Dari GPRS

z Penambahan radio akses baru Æ UTRAN

z Jaringan radio akses UTRAN dan GSM dapat koeksis
dan terhubung pada Core Network yang sama
z Layanan Circuit Switched tetap ada, namun
berubah menjadi berbasis transport paket
z Evolusi menuju ‘all-IP network“

z Pengenalan IMS - IP Multimedia Subsystem

z Untuk dukungan terhadap IP-based multimedia
services
z Contoh layanan multimedia: .
ƒ Video, voice, layanan simultan dengan data.
z Packet Switced Services memberikan garansi QoS Æ
diimplementasikan dengan kanal transport
Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 26
Spesifikasi WCDMA

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 27

Perbandingan Standar

Path Standards Delay Equipment Spectrum B/W Coverage 2

GSM Now

HSCSD 1 Now x4

Q1 ‘99 x4
GPRS 1

EDGE 1 Q1 ‘00 x20

UMTS* Q1 ‘00 x40

* Whole Carrier 1 4 time Slots 2 Interference Ltd

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 28

 Supplemen: GSM

Global System for Mobile

Communication

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 29

GSM Definition

GSM is an open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting

mobile voice and data services. GSM differs from first generation
wireless systems in that it uses digital technology and time division
multiple access transmission methods.
GSM is a circuit-switched system that divides each 200kHz channel
into eight 25kHz time-slots. GSM operates in the 900MHz and
1.8GHz bands in Europe and the 1.9GHz PCS band in the US.
GSM supports data transfer speeds of up to 9.6 kbit/s, allowing the
transmission of basic data services such as SMS (Short Message
Service).
Another major benefit is its international roaming capability, allowing
users to access the same services when travelling abroad as at
home. This gives consumers seamless and same number
connectivity in more than 200 countries. GSM satellite roaming has
also extended service access to areas where terrestrial coverage is
not available.
Sumber: GSM world
Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 30
[1] Introduction: Spesifikasi Sistem GSM

MS Transmission BS Transmission
Band : 890 – 915 MHZ Band : 935 – 960 MHZ
Year Introduced 1990
45 MHz
Access method TDMA

Channel 200 kHz

Bandwidth
1
Number of 125
2
duplex channels
3
Users per 8
4 channel
5
Speech coding 13 kbps
6 bit rate
7 Data coding bit 12 kbps
F1 F2 F1' F2' 8 rate
Frequency Frame size 4.6 ms

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 31

[4] Kanal-kanal GSM: Physical Channel

z Band frekuensi :
zUplink 890 – 915 MHz
zDownlink 935 – 960 MHz
z Duplex Spacing : 45 MHz
z Carrier Spacing : 200 kHz
z Modulation : GMSK
z Transmission Rate : 270 kbit/s
z Access Methode : FDD/TDMA
z Speech Coder : RPE LPC
13 kbit/s

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 32

[1] Introduction: Struktur Sinyal GSM

z GSM carrier selebar 200 kHz.

z Pada arah downlink BTS, timeslot
berbeda digunakan untuk masing-
masing MS – MS mendengar
hanya pada TS yg dialokasikan
untuknya
z Pada TS yg tidak digunakan, MS
dapat menggunakannya utk
pengukuran sinyal Æ berguna
utk Handover
z Pada arah uplink, MS transmit
hanya pada timeslot yg 3 timeslot
dialokasikan untuknya
z Transmit MS terjadi berbeda 3
TS dari TS transmit BTS Æ untuk
mencegah transmit-terima
simultan pada MS
(membutuhkan duplekser)

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 33

[1] Introduction: Implementasi

Receiver
>Channel Decoding
Voice decoding >De-Interleaving Deciphering Demodulation
>Re-formatting

>Channel encoding

Voice encoding >Interleaving Ciphering Modulation Amplifier

>Burst generation

Transmitter
Central processor, clock and tone, internal bus system, keyboard (HMI)

SIM = Subscriber Identity Module

Source: Heine, 14
Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 34
[1] Introduction: Implementasi

Slow frequency

Transmission
HF Transmitter
Output filter TRX Abis-
(HF-TX) Interface

system
hopping
Digital signal
HF Receiver processing (NF
Input filter (HF-RX) functionality)

O&M Module Operation and maintenance functionality/clock distribution

Block Diagram of a BTS with one TRX

Source: Heine, 20

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 35

[2] Alokasi Frekuensi GSM di Indonesia

GSM : [890+nx0.2] MHz up to 915MHz

DCS 1800 : [1710+nx0.2] MHz up to 1785MHz
Tx

890 900 915

Operators share
bandwidth

Indosat Telkomsel Excelcomindo

SATELINDO (INDOSAT) : 890 – 900 MHz (10 MHz)

TELKOMSEL : 900 – 907 MHz (7.5 MHz)
EXCELKOMINDO : 907.5 – 915 MHz (7.5 MHz)

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 36

[2] Alokasi frekuensi per-sel
Selanjutnya...bandwidth displit
di dalam sel-sel
2

1
3
2
6 6 3
1 1
7 7 4
5 4

5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 f

1710 1732
Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 37

MS mulai dihidupkan...

960

935

• MS baca SIM Frequency

• Scanning ‘puncak-puncak’ energi carrier (MHz)
frekuensi pada band frekuensi operator
• Authentikasi ke jaringan
• Merekam 5 sinyal terkuat
• ‘Menggenggam’ satu sinyal terkuat

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 38

[2] Varian-Varian GSM

Variant Uplink (MHz) Downlink Total Duplex- Channels

(MHz) Bandwidth frequency
GSM-400 451-458 and 461-468 and Twice 14 MHz 10 MHz Twice 72
479-486 489-496

GSM-900 890-915 935-960 Twice 25 MHz 45 MHz Twice 124

(primary
band)
Extended 880-915 925-960 Twice 35 MHz 45 MHz Twice 174
GSM-900
GSM-R 876-880 921-925 Twice 4 MHz 45 MHz Twice 19
DCS-1800 1,710-1,785 1,805-1,880 Twice 75 MHz 95 MHz Twice 373
PCS-1900 1,850-1,910 1,930-1,990 Twice 60 MHz 80 MHz Twice 300

Source: Bekkers, 299

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 39

[3] Arsitektur Dasar Sistem GSM

AUC other VLRs

Base Station Subsystem (BSS) H G

D
EIR HLR VLR OMC

F C B
BTS other BSSs
A-bis Mobile
A Services
BSC Switching
BTS PSTN
Centre
(MSC) ISDN
Um
CSPDN
BTS
PSPDN
E
MS other MSCs

BTS: Base Transceiver Station

BSC: Base Station Controller
HLR: Home Location Register
VLR: Visited Location Register
OMC: Operation & Maintenance Centre
EIR: Equipment Identity Register
AUC: Authentication Centre

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 40

[3] Arsitektur GSM

Air BSS NSS

Interface
Abis Ater’
Interface Interface

BSC A
BTS Interface
HLR/
AC/
TC EIR
MSC/VLR

TCSM

Ater
Interface

O&M
Interface
NMS

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 41

[4] Kanal-Kanal GSM: Logical Channel

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 42

[5] GSM Operation Example: Call Set Up

PCH (Paging of the mobile station)

RACH (Channel request)
AGCH (Channel assignment)
SDCCH (Reply to the paging from network)
SDCCH (Authentication request)
SDCCH (Authentication response)
SDCCH (Request to transmit)
SDCCH (Acknowledgment of request)
SDCCH (Setup message for incoming call)
SDCCH (Confirmation)
SDCCH (Assignment of a traffic channel)
FACCH (Acknowledgment of traffic channel)
Mobile
Station
FACCH (Alerting)
Base FACCH (Connect when mobile ‘answers’)
Station FACCH (Acceptance of connect message)
TCH (Exchange of user data)

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 43

Terimakasih

Modul 4 - ETSI Based Technologies: GSM and Its Developments 44