DATA PENGAMATAN UNIT DESTILASI

Waktu
Temperatur
(Menit)
( C)
o
15 30 45 60 75
TR 1 40.9 41.1 41.4 43.1 44.4
TR 7 38 59 58 64 61
TR 13 99.8 100 94 100.8 100.9
TR 21 97.9 96.9 98.4 101.4 101.5
TR 23 36.5 38.5 107.7 116.3 113.1
TR 26 98.4 96.8 99.6 101.8 101.8
TR 8 79 80 79 83 81
TR 9 30 80 80 83 82
TR 10 80 80 80 83 82
TR 24 53.5 53.5 49.5 98.5 100
TR 25 40 40 40.5 41.5 43

Keterangan :
TR 1 = Temperatur masuk kondensat
TR 7 = Temperatur reflux masuk kolom 12
TR 13 = Temperatur umpan keluar preheater
TR 21 = Temperatur keluar dari tangki penampung reboiler
TR 23 = Temperatur steam masuk reboiler
TR 26 = Temperatur di tangki penampung boiler
TR 8 = Temperatur kolom 12
TR 9 = Temperatur kolom 8
TR 10 = Temperatur kolom 4
TR 24 = Temperatur umpan masuk reboiler
TR 25 = Temperatur steam keluar reboiler

Waktu Volume Produk Atas Volume Kondensat Konsentrasi Produk Atas

(Menit) (Liter) (Liter) (%)
15 1.45 1.1 8
30 1.2 1.3 25
45 1.3 2.8 25
60 3.5 6.5 10
75 1.4 3.3 5

Laju Alir (Liter/Jam)

Kondensat Distilat Air Pendingin Masuk Umpan Masuk
 100

Mencari persen etanol awal:

Diketahui :
Konsentarasi etanol = 5% = 0.05
Volume labu = 100 Liter
Volume tabung ukur = 0.25 Liter
Maka, % etanol awal :
0.05 x
=
0.25 Liter 100 Liter
x = 20 %
Tekanan Steam = 5 bar
trasi Produk Atas Konsentrasi Produk Bawah
(%) (%)
8 9
25 15
25 17
10 15
5 12
DATA PENGAMATAN UNIT DISTILASI

Waktu
Temperatur
(Menit)
(oC) 15 30 45 60
TR 1 34.4 33.9 33.8 33.6
TR 7 50 50 51 52
TR 13 96.2 96.9 97.1 97.6
TR 21 66.7 63.5 61.1 97.2
TR 23 39.3 39.9 39 107
TR 26 63 68.6 73.4 98.2
TR 8 70 70 76 80
TR 9 75 76 77 78
TR 10 68 77 77 78
TR 24 53.5 53.5 49.5 98.5
TR 25 40 40 40.5 41.5

Keterangan :
TR 1 = Temperatur masuk kondensat
TR 7 = Temperatur reflux masuk kolom 12
TR 13 = Temperatur umpan keluar preheater
TR 21 = Temperatur keluar dari tangki penampung reboiler
TR 23 = Temperatur steam masuk reboiler
TR 26 = Temperatur di tangki penampung boiler
TR 8 = Temperatur kolom 12
TR 9 = Temperatur kolom 8
TR 10 = Temperatur kolom 4
TR 24 = Temperatur umpan masuk reboiler
TR 25 = Temperatur steam keluar reboiler

Waktu Volume Produk Atas Volume Kondensat

(Menit) (Liter) (Liter)
15 2.5 4.5
30 3.1 4
45 3 2.3
60 3.45 14
75 4.75 14.7
90 3.5 12.5
105 2 10.6

Laju Alir (Liter/Jam)

Kondensat Distilat Air Pendingin Masuk Umpan Masuk
Liter Liter m3/h Liter
62.6 22.3 5 100

DATA PERHITUNGAN UNIT DISTILASI

 % Etanol awal
Diketahui :
Konsentrasi etanol = 5% = 0.05
Volume labu = 100 liter
Volume tabung ukur = 0.25 liter
Maka % etanol awal :
0.05 Liter x
=
0.25 Liter 100 Liter
x = 20 x
x = 20 %

% Distilat etanol
Diketahui :
Konsentrasi etanol = 10% = 0.1
Volume labu = 100 liter
Volume tabung ukur = 0.25 liter
Maka % etanol awal :
0.1 liter x
=
0.25 liter 100 Liter
x = 40 x
x = 40 %

PERHITUNGAN
* Mencari Laju Alir Massa Steam
P steam = 2 bar
V= 0.8662 m3
ρ= 1.1545 kg/m3
m= ρxv
= 1.1545 x 0.8662
= 1.0000279 kg/menit
= 60.001674 kg/jam
1) Kalor Dilepas Steam
a. Menghitung kalor awal steam (Qs)
Basis : 1 jam
m= 60,001.67 gr
TR 23 = 77.385714286
TR 25 = 41.571428571
Cp = 0.557 cal/gr.°C
Q= m Cp ΔT
= 60001.674 x 0.557 x 35.81428571
= 1,196,946.82 cal
1000 kcal
= 1,196.95 kcal x 4.184 kj
= 5,008.03 kj

b. Menghitung kalor kondensat (Qk)

m= 60001.674 gr
TR 1 = 34.042857143
TR 25 = 41.571428571
Cp = 1.0057 cal/groC
Q= m Cp ΔT
= 60,001.67 x 1.0057 x 7.528571429
= 454,301.73 cal
1000 kcal
= 454.30 kcal x 4.184 kj
= 1,900.80 kj

c. Menghitung kalor kondensasi (Qc)

m= 60.001674 kg
hfg = 2179.8 kj/kg
Basis : 1 jam operasi
Q= m x hfg
= 60.001674 x 2179.8
= 130,791.65 kg/jam

Jadi, kalor yang dilepas steam :

Q1 = Qs - Qk + Qc
= 5,008.03 - 1,900.80 + 130,791.65
= 133,898.88 kj

2) Kalor yang masuk (Diterima)

a. Menghitung kalor yang diterima 1 (tidak terjadi perubahan fasa)
m= 150 l/h
ρ = 998.3 kg/m3
150 l x 998.3
Laju alir massa =
jam m3
= 149.745 kg/jam
TR 24 = 79.571428571 o
C
TR 21 = 84.228571429 o
C
Cp = 459.7165 cal/gr.°C
Q1 = m cp ΔT
= 150 x 459.7165 x 4.657142857
321144.81214 cal
=
1000 kcal
= 321.14481214 kcal x 4.184 kj
= 1,343.67 kj

b) Menghitung kalor yang diterima 2 (Ada perubahan fasa uap ---> cair)
m kondensat = 62.6 l/h = 62.6
hfg = 2267.2 kj/kg
Q= m hfg
 = 62.6 x 2267.2
= 141926.72 kj

c) Menghitung kalor diterima 3 (tidak terjadi perubahan fasa )

m kondensat = 62.6 kg/jam
TR 21 = 84.228571429 o
C
TR 26 = 86.657142857 o
C
Cp = 1.008 cal/groC
Q= m cp ΔT
= 62600 x 1.008 x 2.428571429
153,244.80 cal
=
1000 kcal
= 153.24 kcal x 4.184 kj
= 641.18 kj

Jadi, kalor yang diterima :

Q2 = 133,898.88 + 141926.72 + 641.18
= 276,466.77 kg/jam

Maka jumlah kalor saat distilasi :

Qd= Q1 - Q2
= 133,898.88 - 276,466.77 kg/jam
= (142,567.90) kg/jam

1. preheater
Basis : 1 jam
* neraca massa
Diketahui : V air = 95% x 150 kg
= 142.5 kg = 142.5
ρ air = 997.02 kg/m3
V etanol = 5% x 150 kg
= 7.5 kg = 7.5
ρ etanol = 789 kg/m3

Input
M air (in) = ρV
Air = 997.02 x 0.1425 m3
= 142.07535 kg
M etanol (in) = ρ V
Etanol = 789 x 0.0075 m3
= 5.9175 kg
Total 147.99285 kg

*neraca panas
Diketahui : T in = 25 o
C
T out = 98.35714285714 o
C
ΔT = 73.35714285714 o
C

Input
Q= m cp dT
= 142.07535 x 1.0008 x
Air
= 10,430.58 kcal
= 43,641.54 kj
Q= m cp dT
= 5.9175 x 0.58 x
Etanol
= 251.7727178571 kcal
= 1,053.42 kj
Q= Q out - Q in
Steam = 100,205.08 - 44,694.96
= 55,510.12 kj
Total 100,205.08 kj

2. kondenser
* neraca massa
input = output
input output
air pendingin 5000 L 5000 L
uap air 22,3 L -
distilat - 22,3 L
total 5022.3 5022.3

*neraca panas
Dik : T in = 34.04285714286 o
C
T out = 60 o
C
ΔT = 25.95714285714 o
C
Input
Q= m cp dT
= (994,99x5) x 1.0012 x
= 4972.75 kg x 1.0012
Air pendingin = 4972750 gr x 1.0012
= 129,233,276.20 cal
= 129233.2762014 kcal
= 540712.0276268 kj
Q= m x lamda
= 22.3 kg x 2310.7
Uap air = 51528.61 kj
Distilat (Dt =
50,85-28 =
22,85) -
 -

K loss
Total 592240.63763 kj

3. Reboiler
* neraca massa
Dik : F= D + B
100 kg = 22,3 kg + B
B= 77.7 kg = 77,7 L

V air = 95% x 77.7 L

73.815 L = 0.73815 m3
V etanol = 5% x 77.7 L
3.885 L = 0.003885 m3
Input Out
m= ρV m=
Air = 961.92 x 0.73815 =
= 710.041248 kg =
m= ρV m=
Etanol = 789 x 0.003885 =
= 3.065265 kg =
Total 713.106513 kg

*neraca panas
input
Q= m cp dT
= 710.041248 x 1.0056 x
air
= 3,325.28 cal
= 13.97 kj
Etanol Q= m lamda
= 3.065265 x 2269.8
= 6957.538497 kj
steam 1,596,591.11
Total 1,603,562.62 kj

Total neraca massa dan panas overall

NO NERACA MASSA NERACA PANAS
INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT
1 147.99285 147.99285 100,205.08 100,205.08
2 5022.3 5022.3 592240.63763 592240.63763
3 713.106513 713.106513 1,603,562.62 1,603,562.62
Total 5883.399363 5883.399363 2,296,008.33 2,296,008.33
 Waktu
(Menit) Rata - Rata
75 90 105
34.2 34.4 34 34.04285714
52 51 50 50.85714286
99.6 100.5 100.6 98.35714286
99.7 100.7 100.7 84.22857143
106.6 106.4 103.5 77.38571429
100.3 101.6 101.5 86.65714286
81 79 56 73.14285714
80 81 81 78.28571429
80 82 82 77.71428571
100 101 101 79.57142857
43 43 43 41.57142857

Konsentrasi Produk Atas Konsentrasi Produk Bawah

(%) (%)
51 4
48 7
45 10
46 13
35 11
18 10
15 10

Umpan Masuk Tekanan Steam

Liter bar
100 2
100%

100%
kg x 1 m3
m3 1000 v

kg/jam
l

Output
M air (out) = ρV
= 997.02 x 0.1425 m3
= 142.07535 kg
M etanol (out) = ρ V
= 789 x 0.0075 m3
= 5.9175 kg
147.99285 kg
 Output
Q= m cp dT
73.35714285714 = 142.07535 x 1.00624 x 73.35714
= 10,487.28 kcal
= 43,878.77 kj
Q= m lamda
73.35714285714 = 5.9175 x 2275
= 13462.3125 kcal
= 56326.3155 kj

100,205.08

Output
Q= m cp dT
25.95714285714 = (983,15x5) x 1.00318 x
x 25.9571428571 = 4972.75 kg x 1.00318
x 25.9571428571 = 4972750 gr x 1.00318
= 129488851 cal
= 129488.8514 kcal
= 541781.3542 kj

kj/kg -

Q= m cp dT
= 22300 gr x 1.00092
= 510183.2229 cal
 = 2142.769536 kj
48316.51384 kj
592240.6376 kj

delta T = TR 21 - TR 24
4.65714285714 o
C

Output
ρV
956.22 x 0.73815
710.041248 kg
ρV
789 x 0.003885
3.065265 kg
713.106513 kg

Output
Q= m lamda
4.657142857143 = 710.041248 x 2248.7
1,596,669.75 kj

Q= m lamda
3.065265 x 2248.7
6892.8614055 kj
-
1,603,562.62 kj
 51.375
4000 1.00092

25.95714 205689.1
x 25.95714
x 25.95714

x 22.85714