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TRANSPORT BLOOD CIRCULATION

Chapter Two Part One

Chapter Review: Labeling of heart Double circulation (Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation) Difference between blood vessels Type of blood cells Blood type and transfusion Transpiration process in plants Factors affecting the transpiration process the structure of stomata and guard cell. The structure of xylem and phloem in dicotyledon and monocotyledon

PMR

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http://mrsuntharanmuniandy.blogspot.com Blood Circulation in heart

Vena cava carries deoxygenated blood and deposits it in right atrium. Once the right atrium is full, the right atrium pumps the blood to right ventricle. Once the right ventricle is full, it will pump the deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The blood from right ventricle will be pumped to lungs through pulmonary artery. In the lungs, Deoxygenated blood will be converted to oxygenated blood. This oxygenated blood will be sent to the heart again through pulmonary vein. The oxygenated blood will be drained in to left atrium. Once the left atrium is full it will pump the blood to left ventricle. Once the left ventricle is full, it will pump the blood to the whole body through aorta. The valves control movement of blood from one chamber to another or chamber/vessels. The valves prevents the blood from flowing back.

Blood Circulatory System.

System consist of heart, blood vessels and blood tissue. Functions are to supply oxygen to all body cells and eliminate carbon dioxide. It also transports waste products like carbon dioxide and urea. Humans have close blood circulatory system. Blood flows in closed blood vessels and exchange of gas and food will take place through capillaries via diffusion process Blood vessels that carries blood in to the heart are called veins/vena cava. Blood vessels that carries blood out of heart are called arteries. The aorta is the largest artery and vena cava is the largest vein. Vein has valve that prevent the back flow of the blood. Heart is divided in to two main sites that are left and right side of heart that is separated by a structure called septum The upper portion of the heart is called atrium and the lower portions of heart are called ventricles. Specific valves separate the atrium and ventricles. The right atrium and ventricles are separated by tricuspid valve. The left atrium and ventricles are separated by bicuspid valve. The semilunar valve separates pulmonary artery and aorta from ventricles. The ventricle walls will be thicker then atrium walls this is because the ventricles will pump the blood out of heart and atrium just pump the blood to ventricle. The left side of ventricle will be thicker compare to the right side of ventricle because the left side of ventricle will need to pump the blood to the whole body and the right side of the ventricle will just pump the blood to lungs.

Blood circulation and transport

Human

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Pulmonary and systemic circulation Pulmonary circulation: Deoxygenated

Blood is transported from heart to lungs and back to the heart.

Maintaining a healthy heart Heart disease is caused by damaged to the

valve in the heart, failure of the ventricles and atrium walls to contract, blockage of blood supply to the heart as a results of cholesterol deposits.

Blood from right ventricle will be pumped to the lungs through pulmonary artery. In the lungs, the deoxygenated blood will be converted to oxygenated blood. Oxygen from the alveolus diffuses into the one cell thick blood capillary and binds with the haemoglobin in the red blood cell. The heamoglobin is then called the oxyhaemoglobin. Systemic circulation: The oxygenated blood will be sent to the heart back again though pulmonary vein and drained in to left atrium. Left atrium will pump the blood to left ventricle and it once the chamber is full it will pump the oxygenated blood to the whole body though aorta.

Balanced food intake, exercise and low work pressure are beneficial for a healthy heart. intake of food rich in fat (cholesterol) should be reduced. The importance of maintaining a healthy heart: Avoid contracting heart disease. in serious cases, heart disease cause death Ensure that our body cells get enough supply of oxygen and food. this is because the heart pumps the blood to the whole body.

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Prepared by Mr. Suntharan Blood circulation Muniandy Human Blood Group: and transport 2012 edition Human blood group is classified in to four

Blood vessels: Vein carries blood to the heart. it carries

groups: A, B, AB, O

deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein. Low pressured blood that flows slowly. The vessels are thin, less muscular and less elastic wall and the lumen diameter is big. The veins are constructed with valves to prevent the back flow of the blood. Artery carries blood from the heart. It carries oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery. High-pressured blood that flows in high velocity. The vessels are thick and muscular wall. It is elastic and the lumen diameter is small. Blood capillary carries blood from artery to vein. The blood flows very slowly because the pressure is very low. this process enable the diffusion and exchange of substances happens at maximum rate. It is one cell thick and the lumen size is the smallest.

A person who donates blood are called blood donor. and the person who receive blood are called recipient. Transfer of blood from donor to recipient is called blood transfusion. If unsuitable blood mixes together, it will cause blood agglutination. People with blood group O are known as universal donor, they are able to donate blood to any blood group. People with blood group AB are universal recipient and they can receive blood from any blood group. Table bellow shows the blood compatibility:
A YES NO YES B NO YES YES NO AB NO NO YES NO O YES YES YES YES

A B AB

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O NO Donors

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Human Blood Tissue

Plasma
55% of total blood tissue is blood plasma. 91% of blood plasma is water. it also contains proteins, enzymes, antibodies, vitamins, food, fat, minerals etc. Blood plasma also plays a very important role in blood clotting process as it contains blood clotting factors

Red blood cell Erythrocytes

It carries oxygen to the whole body. It's biconcave in shape and the mature red blood cells has no nucleus. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin (red pigments) that binds with oxygen to produce oxyhaemoglobin. In one RBC there will be approximately 200 million haemoglobin molecules. RBC are produced in haemoglobin. Its live span is about 90 day Then it will be destroyed in spleen or liver.

White blood cells

White blood cells are produced in bone marrow or thymus. White blood cells contains nucleus It is mainly for the defense mechanism where it kills microorganism and prevent humans from getting infections and sickness.

Platelets Smallest blood cell. It has no nucleus.

It is also produced in bone morrow It is essential for blood clotting

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Transport system in plant Transpiration

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Its is a process in plants where water is lost in the form of water vapor though evaporation process through evaporation from the surface of the leaves. Prepared If too much water is lost from the plant, the plant will loose its turgor pressure and wilt. If this condition continues, the plant will die. Most water vapour will be lost though the stomata opening of leaves. Stomata are pores or openings on the undersurface of the leaves Stomata have guard cells to control the loss of water from plants. The pore size of the stomata is controlled by the guard cells A lot of water will be lost if the pore size of the stomata is large and less water will be lost if the pore size is small

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Plants

Blood circulation and transport

Transport system in plant

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF TRANSPIRATION Factors Transpiration rate High Temperature High High Light Intensity High Strong Wind High High Air Moisture Low

THE ROLE OF TRANSPIRATION TO A PLANT: To remove excess water from plants. To cool or control the temperature during hot days. Transport water and mineral salts that contributes to the photosynthesis process of plants. The Xylem is a vessel which transports water and mineral from the root to the shoot of the plants The phloem is the vessel, which transports food (glucose) from the site of synthesis to the whole plant. On the stem of a dicotyledon plant like the balsam plant and rambutan tree, the xylem is located in the middle section while the phloem is located in the bark of the plant