1. Ahmad Shobirin
2. Annas Andoyo Fatahllah
3. Dewanti Shely Puspita
4. Dewi Wahyuni
5. Ketut Kambiawan
6. Suworo
MAKING DECISION
FINANCING
1. Benchmarking the Firms Capital Structure
2. Evaluating the Effect of Financial Leverage in Firm EPS
3. Financial Leverage and the Level of EPS
4. Analyze the Effect of Capital Structure on EPS
5. Can the Firm Afford More Debt?
6. Survey Evidence
BENCHMARKING THE
FIRMS CAPITAL
STRUCTURE
Contoh Kasus
Balance Sheet
Balance Sheet
Equity(dollar)
Debt(dollar)
4.500.000
4.500.000
Short-Term Debt
1.200.000
1.200.000
3.200.000
Total Current
Liabilities
5.700.000
5.700.000
7.700.000
Long-term Debt
4.800.000
4.800.000
12.800.000
Common Equity
19.300.000
29.300.000
19.300.000
Total
29.800.000
39.800.000
39.800.000
Income Statement
Income Statement
Equity(dollar)
Debt(dollar)
Revenues
50.000.000
60.000.000
60.000.000
COGS
(25.000.000)
(30.000.000)
(30.000.000)
25.000.000
30.000.000
30.000.000
Operating Expense
(10.000.000)
(12.000.000)
(12.000.000)
Depreciation
Expense
(2.000.000)
(3.000.000)
(3.000.000)
13.000.000
15.000.000
15.000.000
Interest Expense
(480.000)
(480.000.000)
(1.280.000)
12.520.000
14.520.000
13.720.000
Taxes
(3.756.000)
(4.356.000)
(4.116.000)
8.764.000
10.164.000
9.604.000
Gross Profit
EBIT
Net Income
Rumus
Existing
ratio
Ratio with
common
stock
financing
Total Liabilities
Total Asset
35,2%
26,4%
51,5%
40%
Interest
Bearing
Debt
ratio
20,1%
15,1%
40,2%
30%
Time
Interest
Earned
ratio
EBIT
Interest Expense
27,08
31,25
11,72
22 kali
EBITDA
coverag
e ratio
EBIT+Deprec+Amort
Interest +(Principal/
(1-tax))
6,84
8,20
3,08
6 kali
Ratio
Debt
Ratio
Ratio
with
debt
Comparab
le firm
ratio
Before
After $4 million
paid off
Accounts Payable
$4,500,000
$4,500,000
Short-term Debt
$3,200,000
$3,200,000
Total Current
Liabilities
$7,700,000
$7,700,000
Long-term Debt
$12,800,000
$8,800,000
Total Liabilities
$20,500,000
$16,500,000
Common Equity
$19,300,000
$19,300,000
$39,800,000
$35,800,000
before
Revenues
$50,000,000
$60,000,000
$60,000,000
(25,000,000)
(30,000,000)
(30,000,000)
$25,000,000
$30,000,000
$30,000,000
(10,000,000)
(12,000,000)
(12,000,000)
(2,000,000)
(3,000,000)
(3,000,000)
$13,000,000
$15,000,000
$15,000,000
(480,000)
(1.280,000)
(960,000)
$12,520,000
$13,720,000
$14,040,000
(3,756,000)
(4,116,000)
(4,212,000)
$8,764,000
$9,604,000
$9,828,000
Gross Profit
Operating Expenses
Depreciation Expenses
EBIT
Interest Expense
Earnings before Taxes
Taxes
Net Income
= $960,000
Ratio
Debt Ratio
Interest
Bearing Debt
Ratio
Times Interest
Earned Ratio
EBITDA
Coverage
Ratio
Ratio with
Current
Debt
Financing
Ratios after
2-years with
$4 million
debt paid off
51.5%
46.09%
40.020%
33.52%
11.72
15.625
3.08
4.10
($7.7m + $8.8m)/$35.8m
($3.2m+$8.8m)/$35.8m
$15m/$0.96m
$15m+$.96m
$.96m+$2.4m/.7
Step 4: Analyze
All ratios drop and become stronger. Comparing it to the
benchmark ratios, the debt alternative is still more
aggressive compared to industry norms. The firm's
management will have to determine whether the firm can
support a higher than average leverage based on future
earnings prospects.
FINANCIAL LEVERAGE
Melalui pinjaman atas sebagian modal perusahaan
3 Financial Plans
1. No Financial Leverage
Pendanaan dengan menjual saham saja
2. Moderate Financial Leverage
Pendanaan dengan 25% menggunakan utang
3. More Financial Leverage
1. Pendanaan dengan 40% menggunakan utang
FINANCIAL LEVERAGE
AND THE LEVEL OF EPS
Worst Case
EBIT =
$10,000
Best Case
EBIT =
$40,000
$ Change in
EPS
% Change in
EPS
Plan A
2.50
10.00
7.50
300%
Plan B
2.00
12.00
10.00
500%
Plan C
1.50
14.00
12.50
833%
Stock
financing
Pembiayaan
Debt
financing
With new
common stock
financing
Existing capital
structure
EBIT
$20.000
$30.000
$30.000
(4.000)
(4.000)
(8.250)
$16.000
$26.000
$21.750
(8.000)
(13.000)
(10.875)
Net income
$8.000
$13.000
$10.875
Net income
$8.000
$13.000
$10.875
$1.500
$2.000
$1.500
$5,33
$6,50
$7,25
EPS
Rumus EPS
With new
common stock
financing
Existing capital
structure
EBIT
$20.000
$30.000
$30.000
(4.000)
(4.000)
(8.250)
$16.000
$26.000
$21.750
(8.000)
(13.000)
(10.875)
Net income
$8.000
$13.000
$10.875
Net income
$8.000
$13.000
$10.875
$1.500
$2.000
$1.500
$5,33
$6,50
$7,25
EPS
perusahaan berada
kesimpulan
EBIT > indifference point debt
financing
Times Interest
Earned =
Operating
Income(EBIT)/
Interest
Expense
SURVEY EVIDENCE
TERIMA KASIH