Surveillance (PMS)
Monitoring peresepan
cohort studies
spontaneous reporting
case reports
case series
intensive hospital
monitoring
case - control studies
record - linkage
meta-analysis
Toksisitas akut
organ damage
dose dependence
metabolism
kinetics
carcinogenicity
mutagenicity
teratogenicity
species specificity
Jumlah terbatas
Populasi terbatas
Indikasi terbatas
Durasi pendek
dikehendaki
Identifikasi faktor risiko
Pengukuran secara kuantitatif
Keamanan/toksisitas jangka panjang
Studi kelompok risiko (anak/usia lanjut, wanita
hamil)
Kebutuhan informasi
Diperlukan monitoring:
1.
2.
Praktisi kesehatan
Setiap pasien membutuhkan terapi yg tepat
1. Pengetahuan
2. Terapi
diet
surgery
medicines
etc
Rational
therapy
Patient
Experience
report
Drug
Information
Health professional
Drug
experience
report
Drug
Information
International differences
Quantitative and Qualitative
Disease prevalence
Genetic
Social
Cultural
Health practices
Pharmaceutical formulations
Pharmacovigilance
Tujuan utama