Salman Paris H
HEPATITIS AKUT
DIF : PERADANGAN HATI YANG
2. Obat-obatan
3. Bakteri
4. parasit
HEPATITIS
Pengertian secara umum hepatitis adalah penyakit
hati/liver/kuning
Prevalensi penyakit :
Penderita cukup banyak 40 juta penduduk Indonesia
- Penderita Hepatitis B lebih banyak bagian dari penyakit
lanjutan
Gambaran Klinik
1.
Fase Inkubasi
2. Stadium preikterik
- ikterus, hepatomegali,adenopati
4. Stadium rekovalesensi
- stadium penyembuhan
HEPATITIS A
Demam
Gejala
:- kuning (kuku,mata,kulit)
- kelelahan yang permanen
- nyeri lambung
- anoreksia
- mual
- diare
- demam
Masa
80
Jayapura
60
Bandung
Jakarta
40
Makasar
20
12
16
20
Age (years)
PREVALENSI
TINGGI !!
Sulaiman HA, Julitasari, Virus Hepatitis A sampai E di Indonesia, 1995, Hal 1-15
Penularan
Diagnostik
Pencegahan
: - vaksinasi Hepatitis A
- pola hidup sehat
Hep B
Masa
Hep C
Masa
Gejala Klinik
Asimtomatik
Simtomatik
Sindrom klinik : malaise, mual, muntah,
demam sampai ikterik.
: Anti-HAV
Hepatitis B :
HbsAg,antiHbs,HbeAg,AntiHbe,
HbcAg ,anti Hbc,DNA HBV
Hepatitis C : Anti HCV , RNA-HCV
Hepatitis D : Anti HDV
Laboratorium :
Fungsi
Hati :
- SGOT( AST) ,
- SGPT (ALT)
- Bilirubin
- Albumin , globulin
- Gama GT
Istirahat
2. Diet : DH1 DH4
3. Obat-obatan :
- hepatoprotektor
Pencegahan/ Preventif
1.
Vaksinasi hepatitis
- Hepatitis A : Havrix 2 x interval 6-12 bln.
- Hepatitis B : Engerix 3X (0.1 dan 6bln)
2. Imunoglobulin
Hepatitis
Akut
C
Sembuh (90%)
Kronik (10%)
Hepatitis kronik
Sirosis hati
Kanker hati
Kronik (90%)
Sembuh (10 % )
VHC Kronik
85% (85%)
Stabil
80% (68%)
Sirosis
20% (17%)
Perburukan
Lambat
75% (13%)
KHS : Karsinoma Hepato Seluler
KHS
Gagal Hati
25% (4%)
Hepatitis Kronik
Hepatitis Kronik
Dif : Hepatitis dengan
perjalanan
penyakit lebih dari 6 bulan
Terdiri
:
1. Hepatitis kronik persisten
2. Hepatitis kronik lobuler
3. Hepatitis kronik aktif
,ikterik ,hepatomegali
Perjalanan hepatitis lebih 6 bulan
,ditandai dengan HbsAg (+) atau Anti
HCV (+)
HK Persisten ,lobuler tidak ditemu kan kelainan klinis , USG(+) ,PA (+)
HK Aktif , peningkatan SGOT/SGPT
1. Hepatoprotektor
2. Imunomodulator
3. Anti viral
Evaluasi / monitoring reguler
Conventional:
Antiviral
Immune
Modulator
Immune Mediator
Antibiotics
Complementary Alternative:
Herbal Med
Acupuncture
Hypnosis
Meditation
Homeopathy
Vitamins
Long-Term
Risks
Side effects
Patients age
Drug resistance
Contraindications
Ease of administration
Duration of Rx
Costs of Rx and monitoring
Patient and provider preference
Courtesy of Anna Lok, MD
IIb IIc
IIc
Inactivee-negImmune
(e-pos) Adv mutant carriervariant
Assessment of
viral replication
Assessment of
liver disease
Tujuan:
Pencegahan sirosis hati &
kanker hati
Peningkatan kualitas hidup
Perpanjangan kesintasan
1. Lok ASF, McMahon J. Hepatology 2007; 45: 507-39.
2. Fung J, Lai C, Yuen M. Hep B Annual 2006; 3: 14-34.
3. Sims KA, Woodland AM. Pharmacotherapy 2006; 26: 1745-57.
4. Liaw YF, et al. Liver Int 2005; 25: 472-89.
5. Marcellin P, et al. J Viral Hepat 2005; 12: 333-45.
6. Liu C-J, et al. Liver Int 2005; 25: 1097-107.
Tujuan Terapi
Guidelines APASL 2008
2007
Rekomendasi Terapi:
Memulai terapi pasien HBeAg-positive
APASL 20081
HBV DNA
<20,000 IU/mL,
AASLD 20072
HBV DNA
>20,000 IU/mL
No Rx
ALT N or
12 x ULN
Bx if >40 years;
Rx if
significant disease
ALT >2 x
ULN
Rx
ALT 12 x ULN
(HBV DNA >20,000
IU/mL)
Bx if persistent
or >40 years;
Rx if needed
1. Liaw YF et al. Hepatol Int 2008; 2: 26383;
2. Lok AS et al. Hepatol 2007; 45: 50739.
Rekomendasi Terapi:
AASLD
recommendation
HBeAg (+) CHB
Treatment should be continued
Pilihan Terapi
A). Antiviral Oral:
Analog Nukleos(t)ida (= NA / Nuc):
(Di Indonesia: LAM / LVD; ADV; ETV; LdT)
B). Immunomodulator:
- Interferon alfa (IFN-)
- Pegylated interferon alfa (PegIFN-)
- Thymosin alpha-1
1. Lok ASF, McMahon J. Hepatology 2007; 45: 507-39.
2. Liaw Y F, et al. Liver Int 2005; 25: 472-89.
dihentikan.
Relaps umumnya terjadi setelah penghentian terapi,
Thymosin alpha-1
1. Lok ASF, McMahon J. Hepatology 2007; 45: 507-39.
2. Liaw Y F, et al. Liver Int 2005; 25: 472-89.
3. Marcellin P, et al. J Viral Hepat 2005; 12: 333-45.
Antiviral Oral
APASL 1
AASLD 2
EASL 3
HBeAg-positive
HBeAg-negative
12 bulan
Terapi bisa dihentikan ketika tercapai
serokonversi HBeAg, ditambah tidak
terdeteksinya HBV DNA, yang
didokumentasikan dalam 2 kali
pemeriksaan (dengan jarak 6 bulan)
12 bulan
Terapi bisa dihentikan bila HBV DNA tidak terdeteksi
(PCR) dan normal ALT sudah didokumentasikan
dalam 3 kali pemeriksaan (selama periode masingmasing 6 bulan)
12 bulan
Terapi harus dilanjutkan 46 bulan
setelah suatu respon virologi dicapai
Baseline ALT
47
40
30
Seroconversion
30
(%)
24
10
0
12
14
Placebo
1 ULN
2 ULN
5 ULN
22
20
20
28
Pre-treatment
serum ALT
IFN
Lamivudine
Baseline ALT
Hepatitis B
Combination therapy
Sekuensial antara antiviral oral dan
immunomodulator terbukti
memperbaiki respon virologi menetap
Sarin dkk : sekuensial lamivudin dan
pegylated interferon alfa-2b
Sarin, et. al. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 96-104
Grup A
Plasebo
(n=27)
Grup B
(n=27)
Lamivudin
0
4 minggu
setelah akhir terapi
Peg-Intron
1 mcg/
bb
Peg-Intron
1 mcg/ bb
24 minggu
Follow up
Follow up
24 minggu
38.9%
p = 0.05
14.8%
End of Follow-up
24 minggu dari akhir terapi
Sarin, et. al. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 96-104
14.8%
End of Follow-up
24 minggu dari akhir terapi
Sarin, et. al. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 96-104
Monotherapi
(n = 136)
44%
25%
74%
33%
7%
6%
51%
Akhir masa
Terapi upMonotherapi
follow
Kombinasi
(n = 130)
(n = 136)
29%*
22%
29%*
10%*
5%
4%
35%
29%
32%
9%
7%
7%
36%
29%
27%
7%
7%
5%
34%*
35%
32%
Virological response
HBeAg loss
HBeAg seroconversion
HBV DNA < 200,000 copies/mL
HBV DNA < 400 copies/mL
HBsAg loss
HBsAg seroconversion
Biochemical response
ALT normalisation
* p < 0.01 vs combined therapy.
Janssen HLA, et al. Lancet 2005; 365: 123-29 (Fase III).
p = 0.01
44%
p = 0.91
36%
35%
29%
EOT
EOF
Hepatitis B
44%
Genotype:
25%
A
n = 90
n = 23
n = 39
n = 103
Hepatitis B
5%
7%
7%
7%
EOT
EOF
Akhir 52-minggu
terapi
26 minggu setelah
akhir terapi
Hepatitis B
p = 0.006
Genotype:
* Hasil pada 78-minggu follow up, 26 minggu setelah akhir terapi.
Flink HJ, et al. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 297-303.
Bukti bahwa
genotipe VHB
adalah faktor
prediktor
yang penting
untuk melihat
respon
pasien
dengan
kronik
hepatitis B
HBeAg +
Hepatitis B
20%
%
9%
Genotype:
(n = 40)
(n = 10)
(n = 11)
8%
D
(n = 26)
Catatab: angka
sembuh lebih
tinggi pada pasien
yang berespon
terhadap terapi.
AASLD 2007
Q 3-6 mo ALT
Q 6 mo HBeAg
Treat if persistent
Liver Bx optional
Rx as needed
Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Hepatology. 2007;45:507-539.
Immediate Rx if
jaundiced or
decompensated
APASL
2007
HBeAg-Positive
HBV DNA <20,000 IU/mL
(<105 copies/mL)
ALT Normal
No treatment
Monitor HBV DNA, HBeAg,
ALT/3-6 months
ALT Normal
No treatment
Monitor HBV DNA,
HBeAg, ALT/
3 months
No treatment
Monitor HBV DNA,
HBeAg, ALT/13
months
Treatment indicated
Treatment if persistent
(3~6 months) or has
concerns for hepatic
decompensation
Interferon- based therapy,
entecavir, telbivudine
lamivudine, adefovir, are
all first-line options
Response
Non-response
Consider other
strategies
(including OLT)
Hepatitis
Hepatitis CC Kronik
Kronik
Genotipe
Genotipe 11 dan
dan 44
Indikasi Terapi
SVR (%)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
52%
42%
41%
101
118
250
24-LD
24-SD
48-LD
29%
n=
271
48-SD
100
80
60
PegIFN-2a/RBV
PegIFN-2b/RBV
40
20
0
2-3
Genotipe
Ribavirin
39.8%
40
40.9%
38%
20
0
PEG 2b 1.5 /R PEG 2b 1.0 /R
(n=1019)
(n=1016)
PEG 2a /R
(n=1035)
Definisi
RVR*
EVR**
EVR
Complete
EVR (cEVR)
Partial EVR
(pEVR)
HCV
>50
IU/mL atau
pada minggu
ke-4
dan
HCVRNA
RNA
negatif
turun 2
log
10
12 tapi turun 2 log10 dari awal di minggu 12
Non-EVR
* RVR = rapid virological response
** EVR = early virological response
>2 log10
HCV RNA
Tidak Terdeteksi
(<50 IU/mL)
12
24
Minggu
ETR
SVR
48
72
Respon Virologi
VHC
HCV RNA (log10
IU/mL)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PegIFN/RBV
Relaps
Null
response
Partial
penurunan >2 log10
Breakthrough
response
Batas deteksi
0 4 8 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78
Minggu
SVR (%)
60
52%
50
40
30
20
10
0
n=120
HCV RNA
<50 IU/mL Minggu 4
n=82
2 log drop in HCV
RNA Minggu 4
Yes
65%
86%
(n=253)
(n=390)
All patients
(n=453)
No
14%
(n=63)
NPV=97%
3%
(n=2)
Prediktor SVR
Perbedaan pada minggu ke-4 dan 12
RVR Mgg 4
tidak terdeteksi*
EVR mgg 12
tidak terdeteksi**
Peg2b
1.5/R
Peg2b 1.0/R
Peg2a /
R
92%
87% (69/79)
80%
(107/116)
(98/123)
81%
83%
74%
(328/407)
(303/366)
(344/466)
*Sensitivity Analysis Week 4 PPV : Patients with missing data at FU 24 are included in the analysis if
TW4 and TW24 are undetectable: PPVs at TW4 are 94%, 91%, and 89% for PEG-IFN alfa-2b 1.5/RBV,
PEG-IFN alfa-2b 1.0/RBV, PEG-IFN alfa-2a/RBV
**Sensitivity Analysis Week 12 PPV : Patients with missing data at FU 24 are included in the analysis if
TW12 and TW48 are undetectable: PPVs at TW12 are 82%, 84%, and 76% for PEG-IFN alfa-2b 1.5/RBV,
PEG-IFN alfa-2b 1.0/RBV, PEG-IFN alfa-2a/RBV
Roche TaqMan LLQ <27IU/mL
Johm G. McHutchison, M.D., Eric J. Lawitz, M.D.,Mitchell L. Shiffman, M.D., N Engl J Med 361; 580-593; 2009
SVR (%)
80%
SVR (%)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Tanpa cEVR
77%*
37%
n=
59
19
48 Minggu
* p<0.001 vs 48 minggus
Includes a small number (<10%) of G4 patients
cEVR
Pasien
Pasien
Tanpa
Tanpa
cEVR
cEVR
sebaiknya
sebaiknya
di
di terapi
terapi
72
72minggu
minggu
Efek
Efek
samping
samping
72
terapi
terapi48
48
Minggu
vs
vs72
72
Ferenci P, et al. 57th AASLD 2006; Abstract 390
minggu
44
13
100
24 Minggu
48 Minggu
93
89 85
80
71
67
60
50
40
25
20
17
Pasien
PasienRVR
RVR
dapat
dapatditerapi
diterapi
24
24minggu
minggu
0
Minggu 4
(RVR)
Minggu 12
Minggu 24
Total
HCV RNA
&
Genotipe
HCV RNA
>50
IU/mL
50
IU/mL
12 Minggu
HCV RNA
>50
IU/mL
Turun
< 2 log
STOP
Turun
> 2 log
Pengobatan 72 Ming
50
IU/mL
Pengobatan 24 Minggu
Pengobatan 48 Minggu
97
93
88
100
91
80
Patients (%)
Patients (%)
80
60
40
63
44
40
23
20
SVR
70
60
20
EOT
24 Minggu
48 Minggu
EOT
Terapi
Terapi
lebih
lebih
singkat
singkat
pd
pd
pasien
pasien
RVR
RVR
SVR
1. Reau N, et al. AASLD 2008. Abstract 1247. 2. Shiffman ML, et al. Am J Gastroenterol.
2000;95:2928-2935. 3. Jacobson I, et al. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:2453-6224.
HCC
>2 log10
Undetectable
HCV RNA
(<50 IU/mL)
12
24
Weeks
ETR
SVR
48
72
>2 log10
Undetectable
HCV RNA
(<50 IU/mL)
12
24
Weeks
ETR
SVR
48
72
virological response
>2 log10
Undetectable
HCV RNA
(<50 IU/mL)
12
24
Weeks
ETR
SVR
48
72
SVR (%)
3.0
Semua pasien
Infeksi untuk
> 20 tahun
2.0
1.0
0
1960
1980
2000
2020
Year
VHC Kronik
85% (85%)
Stabil
80% (68%)
Sirosis
20% (17%)
Perburukan
Lambat
75% (13%)
KHS : Karsinoma Hepato Seluler
KHS
Gagal Hati
25% (4%)
Sirosis
7%
56%
Tidak Bergejala
100
Persentase Pasien %
Bergejala
37%
80
60
40
20
0
Kelelahan
100
80
Bridging
60
Portal
40
Tidak Ada
20
0
10
Tahun
15
20
Genotipe 4
A combined
Three
COPEGUS
800 mg/hari1,2
One study used the standard dose of
COPEGUS 10001200 mg/hari3
95% Interval
Kepercayaan
0.5*
0.3-0.9
0.5*
0.3-0.7
0.7
0.2-2.7
Hasil Ketahanan
Interferon vs Tidak Interferon
*P <(KHS)
.05.
Dosis
Pegylated interferons
Peginterferon alfa-2b
Peginterferon alfa-2a
Ribavirin
Virologic Responses in
Genotype 1 Slow Responder
Patient Population
100
80
P = .04
54
60
40
P = .03
39
33
18
20
0
48 minggus of treatment
72 minggus of treatment
ETR
SVR
Obat
Interferons
Ribavirin prodrug
Taribavirin
Other drugs
Nitazoxanide
Silibinin
Albinterferon alfa-2b
Controlled-release interferon alfa-2b
Interferon alfa-2bXL
ITCA638
Peginterferon-lambda (PEG-rIL-29)
Obat
Entry inhibitors
PRO206*
Nucleos(t)ide analogues
R7128
IDX184
NS5A inhibitors
BMS-790052
Cyclophilin inhibitors
DEBIO-025
SCY-635
NIM811
*Dihentikan
HCV
assembly/release inhibitors
Celgosivir
Telaprevir (VX-950)
Boceprevir (SCH 503034)
TMC435
R7227 (ITMN-191)
MK-7009
BI201335
SCH 900518
GS-9190
ANA598
BI207127
VCH-916
Filibuvir (PF-00868554)
Study
PROVE
1[1]
PROVE
2[2]
PROVE
3[3]
Treatment naive,
genotype 1
Treatment naive,
genotype 1
Peginterferon and
ribavirin treatment
failure, genotype 1
Treatment Arm*
SVR, n
(%)
P Value vs
PR48
PR48
75
31 (41)
T12PR24
79
48 (61)
.02
T12PR48||
79
53 (67)
.002
T12PR12
17
6 (35)
ND
PR48
82
38 (46)
T12PR24
81
56 (69)
.004
T12PR12
82
49 (60)
.12
T12P12#
78
28 (36)
.20
PR48
114
16 (14)
T12PR24
115
59 (51)
< .001
T24PR48**
113
59 (52)
< .001
T24P24
111
26 (23)
.035
1. McHutchison JG, et al. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1827-1838. 2. Hzode C, et al. N Engl J Med.
2009;360:1839-1850. 3. Manns M, et al. EASL 2009. Abstract 1044.
atau
< 65 kg
65 to < 85 kg
85 to < 105 kg
> 105 kg
0
Minggu
Genot1pe 1
24
48
Pemberia
Pemberia
nn
Ribavirin
Ribavirin
sesuai
sesuai
Follow- berat
berat
up
badan
badan
dapat
dapat
72 meningka
meningka
tkan
tkan SVR
SVR
Lama Pengobatan
6
Tidak terdeteksi
5
4
Tidak terdeteksi
3
2
1
0
SVR
Mg 4
Mg 12
Waktu
Mg 48
TERIMA KASIH