Lactose fermenters
Enterobacter
Klebsiella
Enterobacteriaceae
(Non Lactose fermenters)
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Proteus
Morganella
Providencia
Citrobacter
Enterobacteriaceae
True pathogen
Opportunistic pathogen
Enterobacteriaceae
True Pathogen
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Sifat
Media
Klinis
Penularan
Pencegahan
Lindawati Alimsardjono
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Escherichia coli
FAMILY : Enterobacteriaceae
GENUS : Escherichia
SPECIES :
Escherichia coli
Escherichia fergusonii
Escherichia hermannii
Escherichia vulneri
Escherichia blattae
MORFOLOGI :
Spora (-)
Fimbriae (Pili)
Ikatan dengan bakteri lain, faga & sel inang
Transfer materi genetik
SIFAT-SIFAT BIOKIMIA & PERBENIHAN :
Fakultatif anaerob
Oksidase (-)
O Ag 164
Epidemiologi
H Ag 50
K Ag 100
K1 Capsular Ag
Enterotoksin :
LT
ST
Verotoksin
Lain faktor :
Hemolisin
Kemampuan penetrasi
PENYAKIT-PENYAKIT :
Spesimen :
Urine
Cairan tubuh
Sputum
Jaringan
Pus
Usapan rektal
Tinja
Transport media :
Medium Carry-blair
Medium Stuart
Medium Amies
Citrate -
Indol +
Acetate +
Lactose +
Motile
Urease -
Hydrogen sulfide -
Growth on MacConkey's, EMB and blood
Acid slant and acid butt in TSI, gas +
PENGOBATAN :
Antimikroba
SPECIES :
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella oxytoca
Klebsiella ozaenae
Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
Klebsiella granulomatis (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis)
Klebsiella ornithinolytica Raoultella ornithinolytica
Klebsiella planticola Raoultella planticola
Klebsiella terrigena Raoultella terrigena
Morfologi :
Non motil
Tumbuh 12 - 43C (optimal 37C)
Fakultatif anaerob
Hemolisa (-) sel darah merah kuda atau domba
Lysine decarboxylase (+)
Citrate (+)
V.P. (+)
Struktur Antigen :
K Ag (capsular Ag) : 80
Isolat UK : K2, K3 dan K21 (predominan)
O Ag : 5
Resistensi terhadap :
Fagositosis K Ag
Daya tahan :
Enterochelin
Penyebab :
UTI
Bronchopneumonia berat
Lesi destruksi kronik
Pembentukan abscess paru yang multipel
(Friedlanders pneumoniae)
Bakteremia
Penyakit saluran nafas atas kronik (K. rhinoscleroma)
Donovanosis (K. granulomatis)
Laboratory Indications
Growth on MacConkey's with pink colonies
Growth on EMB
Lysine +
Citrate +
Indol -
+/+ TSI (with gas)
Non-motile
Ornithine -
Hydrogen sulfide -
Pengobatan :
Resisten alami :
Ampicillin
Amoxycillin
Penicillin lainnya
Chloramphenicol
Tetracycline
Biasanya sensitif :
Cephalosporin (derivat yang stabil thd. -laktamase
cefuroxime & cefotaxime)
Gentamicin
Aminoglikosida lainnya
Urine :
Trimethoprim
Nitrofurantoin
Co-amoxiclav
Oral Cephalosporin
Resistensi terhadap :
Fagositosis K Ag
Enterobacteriaceae
Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL
ESBL test
Cefotaxim
Aztreonam Ceftazidim
Amoxycilin/
Ceftriaxon klavulant
Enterobacteriaceae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobacter
FAMILY : Enterobacteriaceae
GENUS : Enterobacter
SPECIES :
Enterobacter aerogenes
Enterobacter cloacae
Enterobacter agglomerans group
Enterobacter gergoviae
Enterobacter sakazakii
Enterobacter taylorae (cancerogenus)
Enterobacter amnigenus biogroup 1
Enterobacter amnigenus biogroup 2
Enterobacter asburiae
Enterobacter hormaechei
Enterobacter intermedium
Enterobacter cancerogenus
Enterobacter dissolvens
Enterobacter nimipressuralis
Enterobacter pyrinus
Sifat-sifat :
Resisten :
Penicillin
Cephalosporin (awal)
Produksi Chromosomal -lactamase dengan
aktifitas cephalosporinase
Tetracyclin
Chloramphenicol
Streptomycin
Sensitif :
Aminoglycoside lain : Gentamicin
Fluoroquinolone
S. marcescens pada
media nutrient agar
Enterobacteriaceae
Serratia marcescens
Hafnia species
Hafnia alvei satu-satunya species