Pertemuan 9
Monopoli
monopoli
Pers.
sempurna
Struktur Pasar
Mengapa Ada Monopoli
Skala Ekonomi
Monopoli alamiah
Illustrasi
Skala Ekonomi: Monopoli Alamiah
D
$20
15
10
ATC
jika ATC turun melebihi permintaan pasar,
Dan hanya dimiliki 1 perusahaan
Monopoli alamiah
0 50 100 200
Quantitas (juta)
Barriers to Entry
Skala Ekonomi
Hambatan legal: Paten & Lisensi
PemilikSumber
Harga & Strategi Hambatan Lain utk
Masuk
Monopoli Alamiah
Biaya
Total
Rata-rata
0 Kuantitas Output
Monopoli
Karakteristik:
1 penjual
Contoh
public utilities
Monopoli versus Persaingan
Monopoli
Merupakan perusahaan tunggal
Kurva permintaan melengkung ke
bawah.
Penentu harga
Dapat mengurangi harga untuk
menaikkan penjualan.
Persaingan versus Monopoli
Perusahaan Kompetitif
Merupakan satu dari banyak perusahaan
Mempunyai kurva permintaan horizontal
Penerima harga
Penjualan banyak atau sedikit harga tetap
sama.
Kurva Permintaan Untuk Perusahan
Kompetitif & Perusahaan Monopoli...
(a) Kurva Permintaan (b) Kurva Permintaan
Perusahaan Kompetitif Perusahaan Monopoli
Harga Harga
Demand
Demand
0 Kuantitas 0 Kuantitas
Pendapatan Perusahaan Monopoli
Average
Quantity Price Total Revenue Revenue Marginal Revenue
(Q) (P) (TR=PxQ) (AR=TR/Q) (MR= DTR / DQ )
0 $11.00 $0.00
1 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00
2 $9.00 $18.00 $9.00 $8.00
3 $8.00 $24.00 $8.00 $6.00
4 $7.00 $28.00 $7.00 $4.00
5 $6.00 $30.00 $6.00 $2.00
6 $5.00 $30.00 $5.00 $0.00
7 $4.00 $28.00 $4.00 -$2.00
8 $3.00 $24.00 $3.00 -$4.00
Pendapatan Marjinal Perusahaan
Monopoli
Demand
Marginal
cost
Marginal revenue
0 QMAX Kuantitas
Perbandingan Perusahaan
Monopoli dan Persaingan
Bagi
perusahan Kompetitif, harga sama
dengan marginal cost.
P = MR = MC
Bagi
perusahaan Monopoli, harga
melebihi marginal cost.
P > MR = MC
Laba Perusahaan Monopoli
Profit = TR - TC
Profit = (TR/Q - TC/Q) x Q
Profit = (P - ATC) x Q
Laba Perusahaan Monopoli
Illustrasi
Pendapatan Monopoli dan Biaya
Quantity Price
of (Average Total Marginal
Output Revenue) Revenue Revenue
0 $172
1 162
2 152
3 142
4 132
5 122
6 112
7 102
8 92
9 82
10 72
Pendapatan Monopoli dan Biaya
Quantity Price
of (Average Total Marginal
Output Revenue) Revenue Revenue
0 $172 $ 0
1 162 162
2 152 304
3 142 426
4 132 528
5 122 610
6 112 672
7 102 714
8 92 736
9 82 738
10 72 720
Pendapatan Monopoli dan Biaya
Quantity Price
of (Average Total Marginal
Output Revenue) Revenue Revenue
0 $172 $ 0
] $162
1 162 162
]
2 152 304
]
3 142 426
]
4 132 528
]
5 122 610
]
6 112 672
]
7 102 714
]
8 92 736 ]
9 82 738
]
10 72 720
Pendapatan Monopoli dan Biaya
Quantity Price
of (Average Total Marginal
Output Revenue) Revenue Revenue
0 $172 $ 0
] $162
1 162 162
] 142
MR < p
2 152 304
] 122
3 142 426
] 102
4 132 528
] 82
5 122 610
] 62
6 112 672
] 42
7 102 714
] 22
8 92 736 ]
2
9 82 738
] - 18
10 72 720
Harga& Marginal Revenue (MR) Monopoli
P Ketika harga turun
dari $142 ke $132, satu
unit akan terjual
$142
revenue akan
132
naik $132
D
laba= $132
1 2 3 4 5 6 Q
Harga& Marginal Revenue (MR) Monopoli
P Ketika harga turun
dari $142 ke $132, satu
Unit akan terjual
$142
Rugi = $30 tapi rugi
132
= $10 X 3 units
Marginal revenue D
(MR) Laba = $132
= $132-30
= $102 < $132 (harga)
1 2 3 4 5 6 Q
Pendapatan Monopoli dan Biaya
Quantity Price Average
of (Average Total Marginal Total Total Marginal
Output Revenue) Revenue Revenue
Cost Cost Cost
0 $172 $ 0 $100
] $162 produksi? ] 90
1 162 162 $190.00 190
] 142 ] 80
2 152 304 135.00 270
] 122 ] 70
3 142 426 113.33 340
] 102 ] 60
4 132 528 100.00 400
] 82 ] 70
5 122 610 94.00 470
] 62 ] 80
6 112 672 91.67 550
] 42 ] 90
7 102 714 91.43 640
] 22 ] 110
8 92 736 ] 93.73 750
2 ] 130
9 82 738 97.78 880
] - 18 ] 150
10 72 720 103.00 1030
Pendapatan Monopoli dan Biaya
Quantity Price Average
of (Average Total Marginal Total Total Marginal
Output Revenue) Revenue Revenue
Cost Cost Cost
0 $172 $ 0 $100
] $162 ] 90
1 162 162 $190.00 190
] 142 produksi? ] 80
2 152 304 135.00 270
] 122 ] 70
3 142 426 113.33 340
] 102 ] 60
4 132 528 100.00 400
] 82 ] 70
5 122 610 94.00 470
] 62 ] 80
6 112 672 91.67 550
] 42 ] 90
7 102 714 91.43 640
] 22 ] 110
8 92 736 ] 93.73 750
2 ] 130
9 82 738 97.78 880
] - 18 ] 150
10 72 720 103.00 1030
Pendapatan Monopoli dan Biaya
Quantity Price Average
of (Average Total Marginal Total Total Marginal
Output Revenue) Revenue Revenue
Cost Cost Cost
0 $172 $ 0 $100
] $162 ] 90
1 162 162 $190.00 190
] 142 ] 80
2 152 304 135.00 270
] 122 produksi? ] 70
3 142 426 113.33 340
] 102 ] 60
4 132 528 100.00 400
] 82 ] 70
5 122 610 94.00 470
] 62 ] 80
6 112 672 91.67 550
] 42 ] 90
7 102 714 91.43 640
] 22 ] 110
8 92 736 ] 93.73 750
2 ] 130
9 82 738 97.78 880
] - 18 ] 150
10 72 720 103.00 1030
Pendapatan Monopoli dan Biaya
Quantity Price Average
of (Average Total Marginal Total Total Marginal
Output Revenue) Revenue Revenue
Cost Cost Cost
0 $172 $ 0 $100
] $162 ] 90
1 162 162 $190.00 190
] 142 ] 80
2 152 304 135.00 270
] 122 ] 70
3 142 426 113.33 340
] 102 produksi? ] 60
4 132 528 100.00 400
] 82 ] 70
5 122 610 94.00 470
] 62 ] 80
6 112 672 91.67 550
] 42 ] 90
7 102 714 91.43 640
] 22 ] 110
8 92 736 ] 93.73 750
2 ] 130
9 82 738 97.78 880
] - 18 ] 150
10 72 720 103.00 1030
Pendapatan Monopoli dan Biaya
Quantity Price Average
of (Average Total Marginal Total Total Marginal
Output Revenue) Revenue Revenue
Cost Cost Cost
0 $172 $ 0 $100
] $162 ] 90
1 162 162 $190.00 190
] 142 ] 80
2 152 304 135.00 270
] 122 ] 70
3 142 426 113.33 340
] 102 ] 60
4 132 528 100.00 400
] 82 produksi? ] 70
5 122 610 94.00 470
] 62 ] 80
6 112 672 91.67 550
] 42 ] 90
7 102 714 91.43 640
] 22 ] 110
8 92 736 ] 93.73 750
2 ] 130
9 82 738 97.78 880
] - 18 ] 150
10 72 720 103.00 1030
Pendapatan Monopoli dan Biaya
Quantity Price Average
of (Average Total Marginal Total Total Marginal
Output Revenue) Revenue Revenue
Cost Cost Cost
0 $172 $ 0 $100
] $162 ] 90
1 162 162 $190.00 190
] 142 ] 80
2 152 304 135.00 270
] 122 ] 70
3 142 426 113.33 340
] 102 ] 60
4 132 528 100.00 400
] 82 ] 70
5 122 610 94.00 470
] 62 produksi? ] 80
6 112 672 91.67 550
] 42 ] 90
7 102 714 91.43 640
] 22 ] 110
8 92 736 ] 93.73 750
2 ] 130
9 82 738 97.78 880
] - 18 ] 150
10 72 720 103.00 1030
Pendapatan Monopoli dan Biaya
Quantity Price Average
of (Average Total Marginal Total Total Marginal
Output Revenue) Revenue Revenue
Cost Cost Cost
0 $172 $ 0 $100
] $162 ] 90
1 162 162 $190.00 190
] 142 ] 80
2 152 304 135.00 270
] 122 ] 70
3 142 426 113.33 340
] 102 ] 60
4 132 528 100.00 400
] 82 ] 70
5 122 610 94.00 470
] 62 ] 80
6 112 672 91.67 550
] 42 ] 90
7 102 714 91.43 640
] 22 ] 110
8 92
Jgn 736 ]
Berproduksi 93.73
di atas750
5 ]unit
2 130
9 82 738 97.78 880
] - 18 ] 150
10 72 720 103.00 1030
Pendapatan Monopoli dan Biaya
Quantity Price Average Profit +
of (Average Total Marginal Total Total Marginal or
Output Revenue) Revenue Revenue
Cost Cost Cost loss -
Monopolistic
Competition
Pure Pure
Competition Monopoly
Struktur Pasar
Persaingan Monopolistik
Produk Terdifferensiasi
Product Attributes
Layanan (Service)
Lokasi
Nama Merek & Packaging
Kontrol terhadap Harga
Mudah untuk keluar dan masuk pasar
Iklan
Oligopoli
Empat Model Pasar
Oligopoli
Struktur Pasar
Persaingan Tidak Sempurna
SedikitPenjual
Produk sejenis atau diferensiasi
Jumlah Perusahaan?
Banyak
Perusahaan
Satu Jenis Produk?
Perusahaan Sedikit
Perusahaan Produk Produk
berlainan Identik
1. Teori Kinked-Demand
2. Kartel & Kolusi
Kinked Demand: Noncollusive Oligopoly
P
D1:
inelastis
demand
D1
MR1 Q
Kinked Demand: Noncollusive Oligopoly
P
D2: D2
elastis
demand
MR2
D1
MR1 Q
.
Kinked Demand: Noncollusive Oligopoly
P
MR1
P0
D2
MR2
D1
Q0 Q
.
Kinked Demand: Noncollusive Oligopoly
P
Asumsi pesaing
MR1
menurunkan harga
P0
D2
MR2
D1
Q0 Q
Kinked Demand: Noncollusive Oligopoly
P
MR1 Harga naik
P0
D2
MR2
D1
Q0 Q
Kinked Demand: Noncollusive Oligopoly
P
MR1 kurva
kinked demand...
P0
D2
MR2
D1
Q0 Q
Kinked Demand: Noncollusive Oligopoly
P
harga kaku
D2
P0
MR2
MR1 D1
Q0 Q
Kinked Demand: Noncollusive Oligopoly
P
D2
MC1
P0
MR2 MC2
MR1 D1
Q0 Q
Kartel dan Kolusi