Sistem
Pendekatan Sistem
Cara penyelesaian persoalan dengan dilakukannya
identifikasi terhadap adanya sejumlah kebutuhan –
kebutuhan sehingga dapat menghasilkan suatu operasi
dengan sistem yang dianggap efektif.
2 Identifikasi sistem
menghasilkan spesifikasi yang terinci tentang
peubah yang menyangkut rancangan dan
proses kontrol
3
Formulasi masalah
4
Pembentukan alternatif
Model
the Cones of Resolution
Technique
Feedback 1
A B
$$$ $$$
Environment : Firm :
Government technology, Investment, productivity,
market, world competition invention
Feedback 2
1st level
Government
Marketing research
Promotion
3rd
Measurement
Quantification or
Phase II.
ASPn = 1.05 x Pn-1
SFn = 1.03 x Sn-1 + 106 x PIn-1
BCPn = CPn-1 2 x 104 x PIn-1
……………………………………
4th level Pn = Sn – CMn – CSn – CPn
DO 12 N = 2,51
……………………………………….
5th level
End
Hubungan Sinergi
Pola berpikir Kualitatif
dan
Kuantitatif
DECISION PROCESS
Turbulent and Complex and
Differentiated ill-Structured
Environment Problems
I J
N U
T D
U G
T M
I E
O N
N T
SCIENCE
Simple and
Placid And AND
Well-Structured
Uniform QUANTITATIVE
Problems
Environment MODELS
TEST
THEORY HYPOTHESIS
OR MODEL
FORMULATE
THEOREMS DEVISE
HYPOTHESIS
OR MODEL
SUGGEST
PROPOSITION
DEFINE THE
PROBLEM
AXIOMS
POSTULATES
OBSERVATIONS
AND LAWS
NEED TO
ANALYZE PHENOMENA
Pendekatan Induktif
OBSERVE AND
DEFINE PROBLEM
FORMULATE
A HYPOTHESIS
TEST THE
FORMULATE AN HYPOTHESIS
IMPLEMENT
ALTERNATIVE AND CONTROL
HYPOTHESIS
ANALYZE
RESULTS OF TEST
REJECT
ACCEPT ACCEPT
OR
REJECT ?
Pendekataan Deduktif
THEORY
THEOREMS
PROPOSITIONS
PROBLEM DEFINITION
A
PROBLEM AWARENESS
AND RECOGNITION
OBSERVATION
B
PROBLEM
DEFINITION