PONDASI DANGKAL

MEKANIKA TANAH II
YULVI ZAIKA

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 SYARAT- SYARAT PEMILIHAN PONDASI

1. KEDALAMAN TANAH KERAS

2. BEBAN YANG DITAHAN
3. BIAYA YANG TERSEDIA
4. PENGARUH-PENGARUH LAIN

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 PONDASI TELAPAK

Lapisan Tanah Keras

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 Combined footing
property line

If P2/P1 < 1/2, use strap combined footing

property line
property line

2 footings close P1 P2
P1 P2
to each other

P1 close to property
If 1/2 < P2/P1 < 1
line and P2 > P1
use trapezoidal footing

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BENTUK PONDASI TELAPAK

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PONDASI TELAPAK MENERUS/ LAJUR

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PONDASI RAKIT

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PONDASI RAKIT

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PONDASI RAKIT

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 SYARAT PONDASI DANGKAL

Kedalaman tanah pondasi kurang atau sama dengan lebarnya atau

kedalaman (Terzaghi, 1943).
Teori lain, kedalaman pondasi dangkal 3-4 kali lebar pondasi.

Df

B
Lapisan Tanah Keras
Pondasi setempat harus memenuhi syarat-syarat:
1. Stabilitas, aman terhadap keruntuhan geser
2. deformasi harus lebih kecil dari yang diizinkan.
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METODA PELAKSANAAN

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 KERUNTUHAN PADA PONDASI DANGKAL
PADA TANAH PASIR PADAT DAN LEMPUNG KAKU

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MODEL KERUNTUHAN GESER
Beban/luas

qu

» keruntuhan umum geser

» pasir padat Dr>67%
» lempung kaku NSPT >12
Permukaan Penurunan
(a) runtuh Beban/luas
» Koruntuhan lokal
qu1 » pasir atau
» pasir kelempungan
qu » kurang padat (medium)
» 30%<Dr<67%

Permukaan Penurunan
(b) runtuh Beban/luas
» Keruntuhan penetrasi
qu1
» Pasir lepas
qu qu » Dr< 30%

Permukaan
runtuh Penurunan
(c)

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MODEL KERUNTUHAN BERDASARKAN
RELATIF DENSITY

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 Terzaghi Assumptions

• 1. Soil under footing is homogeneous and isotropic

• 2. Soil surface is horizontally
• 3. The base of footing is rough, to prevent the shear displacement.
• 4 The foot is shallow foundation, i.e. the depth of foundation is less than
the width of foot…
• Df ≤ B
• 3. Shear strength above the level of the base of footing is negligible.
c = 0 above ( F.L ).
• 4. Consider only the surcharge which produced as uniform pressure
• q = DF at foundation level.
• 5. The load on foundation is vertical and uniform.
• 6. The foot is long strip footing (pondasi lajur, B/L  0).
• 7. =

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 Shear failure happened on many stages

• I) Stage I: The soil in the elastic case and behave as the part
of foundation it still that, and by increasing the load performed
the region I which called active zone.
• II) Stage II: At this stage the foundation load effect on the
active zone and neighboring soil so perform the region which
called arc of logarithmic spiral zone.
• III) Stage III: By increasing the load performed the third
part curve in which part the soil became in the passive case it
make to resist the failure.

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PROSES TERJADINYA KERUNTUHAN

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 Three components produced to resist the failure
of soil.

I) (Pp)γ = Component produced by the weight of shear zone II,

III.

II)(Pp)c = Component produced by the cohesive stress.

III) (Pp)q = Component produced by the surcharge q.

Pp = (Pp)γ + (Pp)c + (Pp)q

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 DASAR PENURUNAN RUMUS TERZAGHI

B=2b

qu
A B
 
Zona pasif f f

Zona aktif  W 
Zona geser radial Pp
Pp J

• Kesetimbangan Gaya qu(2b)= -W+ 2Pp+f sin 

• W=(1/2)2b btan =b2tan
• f=c DC= c. b/cos
• Pp=(1/2) (b tan )2 K + c (b tan )Kc +q(b tan ) Kq
• qu =c{tan  (Kc +1)} +q(tan  Kq) +  B/2{(1/2) tan (K. tan -1)}

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 PERSAMAAN DAYA DUKUNG TERZAGHI
UNTUK PONDASI LAJUR/ MENERUS

1
qu = cNc  qN q   BN
2

 
Nc = (N q - 1)cot 
Nq =


a2 

 2  
 2 cos  45  
  2 

= e

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 TEORI DAYA DUKUNG TERZAGHI (1943)

J I
q=Df
Df qu

H 45-/2 45-/2 A   45-/2 45-/2 G

C

F E
D
Daya dukung: 1
qu = cN c  qN q   BN
Pondasi lajur 2
qu = 1.3cN c  qN q  0.4 BN
Pondasi bujursangkar

u q = 1.3cN c  qN q  0.3 BN

Pondasi lingkaran
Untuk keruntuhan geser lokal:
c’ = 2/3 c dan ’ = 2/3

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 GRAFIK FAKTOR DAYA DUKUNG

Powerpoint TemplatesLocal shear failure

General shear failure Page 27
PERBANDINGAN BIDANG RUNTUH

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 RUMUS UMUM DAYA DUKUNG PONDASI
MEYERHOF (1963)

1
qu = cN c Fcs Fcd Fci  qN q Fqs Fqd Fqi   BN  F s F d F i
2

• Fcs , Fqs , Fs = faktor bentuk

• Fcd , Fqd , Fd = faktor kedalaman
• Fci , Fqi , Fi = faktor inklinasi

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 FAKTOR PENGARUH MEYERHOF

• F. BENTUK F. KEDALAMAN F. INKLINASI

D 2
B Fcd = 1  0.2 K p    o

Fcs = 1  0.2 K p B Fci = Fqi = 1 - 

L D  90 
B Fqd = 1  0.1 K p 2
Fqs = 1  0.1K p B  
L F i = 1 - 
Fd = 1  0.1 K p
D  
B
Fs = 1  0.1K p B
L Q
R
K p = tan 2  45    
 2 T

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DISTRIBUSI TEGANGAN TANAH AKIBAT TEG.
VERTIKAL DAN MOMEN

P
M

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Tegangan kontak akibat beban vertikal dan momen

P
M
M
e=
P
B
R
e
qmin e < B/6
qmax
qmin e > B/6
qmax

qmin q e = B/6
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 P

e
qmin qmax e = B/6
qmin e < B/6
qmax
qmin e > B/6
qmax

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Pondasi Lajur

B
B-2e

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 Stabilitas Daya Dukung
Tegangan kontak : tegangan akibat beban

Menentukan eksentrisitas DPT

C
M net B
X= ; e= -X
V 2
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