CUACA DAN
VARIABILITAS IKLIM
CUACA MUSIM IKLIM
VARIABILITAS IKLIM
SUHU, TEKANAN
M.HUJAN
ANGIN,JARAK PANDANG
M. KEMARAU PERUBAHAN IKLIM
AWAN, RADIASI MATAHARI
M. PANCAROBA
ENDAPAN (PRESIPITASI)
temperature precipitation
1. TEKANAN (P)
2. ARAH DAN KECEPATAN ANGIN (dddff)
3. SUHU UDARA DAN DEW POINT (T dan Td)
4. KELEMBAPAN (RH)
5. VISIBILITI (V)
6. HUJAN (RR)
7. RADIASI MAHATARI
8. JENIS DAN KETINGGIAN AWAN (N, CL, CM,
CH)
LAPSE RATE
dT
dt
Dry adiabatic lapse rate: -9.8 °C/km
1 mb = 28 FEET
ARAH DAN KECEPATAN AN ANGIN (dddff)
- PENGUKURAN BIASA
- DEW POINT
- KAITAN DENGAN ANGIN
- SUHU UDARA MINIMUM/MAKSIMUM
- TAKE OFF DAN LANDING PESAWAT
RADIASI MATAHRI DAN KELEMBAPAN
Summer Winter
Monsoon Processes
Global Winds
22
Polar Easterlies
• KUTUB - 60 degrees
N&S
• AREA:
– UDARA DINGIN,
BERGERAK TURUN KE
LINTANG BAWAHNYA
– BIASANYA UDARA
DINGIN DI US
23
Westerlies
24
Trade winds
• 30 – EKUATOR
• AREA:
– EFFEK CORIOLIS
DENGAN
LENGKUNGAN
• Curve to west in
NH
• Curve to east in SH
– AREA LUAS DARI
EROPAH -US
25
Doldrums
• SEPANJANG EKUATOR
• AREA:
– KEADAAN YG LEMAH
– MENDEKATI PERTEMUAN
ANGIN TRADE
– ITCZ
– UDARA HANGAT , UDARA
VERTIKAL BERKAIATAN
DENGAN TEKANAN RENDAH
(remember air moves from
high to low pressure, so
there is NO wind if there is
no high pressure)
26
JETSTREAM
27
5 TYPE ZONE IKLIM
• Tropical
• Mid Latitude
• High Latitude
• Dry
• Highland
Rezim iklim
• Rain forest – iklim tropis basah mendapat hujan sepanjang
tahun
• Savanna – padang rumput di zona iklom tropis basah da kering
• Desert – kering, dengan curah hujan kurang 25 cm pertahun
• Steppe – padang rumput di semi iklim kering
• Humid subtropical – iklim semi basah.
• Subarctic – A climate zone that lies north of the humid
continental climate zone, with short, cool summers and long
bitterly cold winters.
• Tundra – A polar climate region, found across northern Alaska,
Canada, and Russia, with short, cool summers and bitterly cold
winters.
• Permafrost – Permanently frozen soil found in the tundra
climate region.
World climate zones
RAINFALL IN THE WORLD
Köppen Climate System
Figure 10.5
Dasar pertimbangan dalam
menentukan Type Iklim
450
300
150
0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
MONSOON TYPE
450
300
150
0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
LOCAL TYPE
600
450
300
150
0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Climate graphs temperature and precipitation
IKLIM
VARIBILITAS IKLIM
PERUBAHAN IKLI M
IKLIM CON’T
perubahan iklim adalah perubahan kondisi
meteorologi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir.
Perubahan ini meliputi parameter seperti temperatur
dan curah hujan tapi biasanya ditandai dengan
gejala perubahan yang lebih umum, misalnya lebih
panas, lebih kering atau matahari bersinar lebih
terang.
Climate variability
– The way climate fluctuates yearly above or below a long-
term average value.
Climate change
– Long-term continuous change (increase or decrease) to
average weather conditions or the range of weather.
Climatological normal
– 30-year average of a weather variable.
IKLIM CON’T
14.0 57.2
13.9 57.0
13.8 56.8
13.7 56.6
13.6
56.4
13.5
56.2
13.4
1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
www.gcrio.org/ipcc/qa/cover.html (modified)
Global surface temperature 1855-2010
Period Rate
50 0.1280.026
100 0.0740.018
Years /decade
Causes
• Increased
concentration of CO2
(right)
– Burning fossil fuels in
cars, industry and
homes
– Deforestation
– Burning of forests
TRENDING EMISI GAS
Atmospheric Feedbacks
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
Increased CO2 More water
vapor & other
+ changes
Higher temperature
+ Increased cloud cover
More water vapor
+
More water vapor
Potential Climate Change Impacts
Health
Weather-related mortality
Infectious diseases
Air-quality respiratory illnesses
Agriculture
Crop yields
Climate Changes Irrigation demands
Temperature Forests
Change in forest composition
Shift geographic range of forests
Forest health and productivity
Precipitation
Water Resources
Changes in water supply
Water quality
Sea Level Rise Increased competition for water
Coastal Areas
Erosion of beaches
Inundation of coastal lands
Costs to protect coastal communities
Tujuannya :
mengurangi rata-rata emisi dari enam gas rumah kaca – karbon
dioksida, metan, nitrous oxide, sulfur heksafluorida, HFC, dan
PFC
masa lima tahun antara 2008-2012. Dengan pengurangan Target
nasional
6% Uni Eropa,
7% AS
6% Jepang,
0% Rusia,\
penambahan yang diizinkan sebesar 8% untuk Australia dan
10% untuk Islandia
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
2001:
1988: Marrakesh
IPCC Accords
establishe 2008: KP 1st Warsaw
signed commitment REDD+
d 1994:
UNFCCC enter period Framework
into force begins
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD)
COP 15/
SBSTA/Mont COP 13/ Copenhagen COP 16/
COP
real 2005 Bali 2007 2009 Cancun 19/Warsaw
2010 REDD+
Framework
UNFCCC 2013
TARGET:
1. EVENT NEGOISASI AGREEMENT COP21
2. KENAIKAN SUHU MUKA LAUT DIBAWAH 2
DERAJAT
3. LAPORAN KEBIJAKAN DAN LANGKAH
PRAKTIS DARI BERBAGAI NEGARA
ANGGOAT UNFCC/RATIFIKASI SERTA
KERJASAMA YG DILAKUKAN
DLAMMENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN IKLIM
TAHUN EL NINO DAN LA NINA