Terapi Cairan
RESUSITASI RUMATAN
Repair
Mengganti kehilangan 1. Kebutuhan normal
akut (hemorrhage, (IWL + urin+ feses)
GI loss, rongga ke3) 2. Dukungan nutrisi
TERAPI CAIRAN
PADA TRAUMA PERDARAHAN
( RESUSITASI CAIRAN )
REUSITASI CAIRAN
Kehilangan darah ( ml) Sampai 750 cc 750 - 1500 1500 - 2000 2000
CNS/ status mental Sedikit cemas Agak cemas Cemas bingung Bingung lesu, letargi
Penggantian cairan Kristaloid Kristaloid Kristaloid dan darah Kristaloid dan darah
( hukum 3 : 1 )
ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS
( EBL )
blood pressure is 83 mm Hg/50 mm Hg, his MAP would be 61 mm Hg. Here are the steps for this
calculation:
MAP = Sistolik + 2 (Diastolik)
3
MAP = 83 +2 (50)
3
MAP = 83 +100
3
MAP = 183
3
MAP = 61 mm HG
CARA LAIN :
Another way to calculate the MAP is to first calculate the pulse pressure (subtract the DBP from the SBP)
and divide that by 3, then add the DBP:
MAP = 1/3 (SBP – DBP) + DBP
MAP = 1/3 (83-50) + 50
MAP = 1/3 (33) + 50
MAP = 11 + 50
MAP = 61 mm Hg
Contoh kasus
Pasien laki laki 45 th, BB : 70 kg. KLL
Tensi: 80/40 Nadi : 120x/mnt RR : 32x/mnt
MAP / Tekanan nadi ?
Derajat Syok ?
EBV ?
EBL ?
Kebutuhan cairan ?
Jenis cairan ?
ESTIMATED BLOOD VOLUME
ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS
CAIRAN :
1. RINGER LACTAT
2. COLLOID
3. DARAH ( FWB )
TARGET RESUSITASI TRAUMA
PERDARAHAN
A lower than normal blood pressure (mean
arterial pressure of 60 to 70 mmHg)
RESPON RESUSITASI
Transient respos
( sementara )
CAIRAN MAINTENANCE
SETELAH STABIL
TERAPI CAIRAN
MAINTENANCE
ACCP Consensus Statement
• Cairan : 40 – 50 cc/KgBB/Hari
• Kalori : 20 – 35 kcal/KgBB/Hari (25 kcal/Kg BB/hari )
• Glucose :
- 2 – 5 G/Kg BW
- 30-70 % Total Kalori per hari
- maintain blood glucose < 225 mg/dL.
- Insulin bila perlu
• Lemak
– Masa kritis : 1 gr/kgBB/hari maksimal 2,5 gr/KgBB/Hari
– Fase penyembuhan
– 15 – 30 % total Kalori perhari
• Protein ( asam amino ) : 0,8 – 1.5 G/KgBB/Hari
• Diberikan dengan volume maintenance : 30-40 cc/KgBB/hari
• Natrium = 1-2 meq /kgBB/day
• Kalium = 1 meq / kgBB / day
Rute Pemberian cairan dan Nutrisi
• Per Oral
• Per Enteral ( sonde )
• Par enteral ( akses vaskular )
• Osmolaritas rendah < 800 mOsm : Akses vena perifer
• Osmolaritas tinggi > 800 mOsm : akses vena sentral
No. JENIS CAIRAN KH (kkal/L) Prot (g/L) Na (mEq/L) K (mEq/L) Osm
TKTP II 2765 99
1609 44
RESUSITASI RUMATAN
Working Group on
Clinical Metabolism and Nutrition
2004
Konsensus Nutrisi Enteral
1) Tingkat Kepercayaan
Tk Kepercayaan Metode Penelitian
2) Rekomendasi
Rekomendasi Literatur
A Didukung > 2 penelitian tingkat I
B Didukung > 1 penelitian tingkat I
C Didukung oleh penelitian tingkat II
D Didukung oleh 1 penelitian tingkat III
E Didukung oleh penelitian tingkat IV atau V
1. Howard JP. Indication and contraindications for enteral nutrition. Dalam: Sobotka L, Allison SP, Furst P, Meier R,
Pertkiewics M, Soeters PB, Stanga Z, editor. Basics in clinical nutrition: edited for ESPEN courses.2nd ed. Prague,
Czech Republic;2000. hal. 79-81
2. Rotondi AJ, Kvetan V, Carlet J, Sibbald WJConsensus Conferences in Critical Care Medicine. Dalam: Kvetan V, Vincent
J-L, Dobb GJ, editor. Critical Care Clinics. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, 1997, hal. 417-39.
3. Sachet DL. Rules of evidence and clinical recommendation on the use of antithrombotic agent. Chest 1989; 952
Suppl:S2-4
Konsensus Nutrisi Enteral
Rangkuman Rekomendasi
Working Group on
Clinical Metabolism and Nutrition