Arboix A, Jiménez C, Massons C, Parra O, Besses C. Hematological disorders: a commonly unrecognized cause of acute stroke. Expert Review of Hematology. 2016
Kelainan Hematologi sebagai Faktor Resiko Stroke
Arboix A, Jiménez C, Massons C, Parra O, Besses C. Hematological disorders: a commonly unrecognized cause of acute stroke. Expert Review of Hematology. 2016
Patofisiologi :
Mutasi JAK 2
↓
aktivasi P selektin
↓
leukosit dan trombosit untuk menempel pada
endotel
↓
memicu keadaan protrombotik.
Arboix A, Jiménez C, Massons C, Parra O, Besses C. Hematological disorders: a commonly unrecognized cause of acute stroke. Expert Review of Hematology. 2016
ITP : kelainan otoimun yang
menyebabkan munculnya suatu
autoantibodi terhadap trombosit,
menyebabkan trombositopenia.
Arboix A, Jiménez C, Massons C, Parra O, Besses C. Hematological disorders: a commonly unrecognized cause of acute stroke. Expert Review of Hematology. 2016
2. Trombositopenia yang diinduksi heparin
• komplikasi 0,1-5% UF heparin ≤ 0,2 %
LMWH
• trombosit turun lebih dari 50% setelah
5-10 hari pemakaian heparin.
• antikoagulan distop atau diganti non
heparin parenteral seperti argatroban,
bivalirudin atau fondaparinux.
• Patofisiologi :
trombosit teraktivasi oleh kompleks imun dari
antibodi igG heparin dan PF4
↓
Mencetuskan agregasi trombosit
↓
komplikasi trombosis yang tinggi 24 % stroke
iskemik https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Heparin-induced-thrombocytopenia-a-
syndrome-mediated-by-FcgRIIa-In-heparin-induced_fig3_283262804
3. Thrombotic thrombocytipenic purpura
• langka dan biasanya wanita muda.
• Pentad classic TTP
• mikroangiopati hemotilik
• trombositopenia
• disfungsi organ (ginjal, CNS dan lainnya)
• abnormalitas neurologi
• demam
• Lab : trombosit 10.000-15.000, antibodi Gp IIb-IIIa atau Gp Ib, antiplatelat igG
• Tatalaksana: plasma exchange.
Patofisiologi :
Defisiensi enzim protease ADAMTS13
↓
peningkatan faktor von willebrand
↓
pengikatan kolagen endotelial dengan trombosit pada tempat rusaknya dinding endotel.
Trombositosis
• Essential trombositosis :
• Penyebab dari TIA, lebih jarang infark serebral dan lakunar
• Patogenesis : mutasi JAK2, yang mengaktivasi trombosit dan leukosit, membentuk
formasi trombus
Tatalaksana :
Proses kaskade pembekuan darah
Patofisiologi ↓
Pembentukan TF meningkat pada sel
tumor
↓
terikatnya factor VIIa (activated factor
VII) pada TF (protein membran pada sel
subendotel)
↓
mengaktikasi faktor X, IX dan protrombin
↓
membentuk clot fibrin.
• Tatalaksana
• resiko stroke aspirin.
Gambar MRI T2 wanita usia muda dengan
APS dan stroke iskemik multiple
• Patofisiologi
• Pemeriksaan : antibodi
antifosfolipid, anti beta 2
glikoprotein I antibodi,
anticardiolipin antibodi.
N. Hiperhomosistein
• Pasien dengan stroke memiliki
nilai homosistein serum
meningkat 1,5 kali lebih tinggi
dari normal.
• Insidens stroke terjadi pada kadar
homosistein lebih dari 14 µmol/L.
• Kadar homosistein sebaiknya
diperiksa pada stroke usia muda
tanpa penyebab yang lain.
Terutama untuk stroke iskemik.
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