nukleat II
PARA MITTA P
Merupakan proses metabolisme informasi, yang
berbeda dgn metabolisme-metabolisme yang
telah dipelajari sebelumnya: metabolisme
intermediate ensim berperanan dlm setiap
reaksi yg terjadi.
Proses perlekatan substrat dan menghasilkan
produk
Metabolisme informasi ada cetakan yang
perlu diterjemahkan menjadi produk.
Cetakan DNA atau RNA, proses juga
melibatkan berbagai enzim
Proses utama dlm
metabolisme informasi:
1. Replikasi DNA berperan
sbg cetakan untuk
sintesisnya sdr
2. Transkripsi Informasi
yang ada pada DNA
menentukan RNA yang
diproduksi
3. Translasi RNA berperan
sbg cetakan untuk sintesis
suatu rantai polipeptida ttt
Replikasi dan transkripsi hanya menggunakan
4 nukleotida
Translasi mengubah bahasa nukleotida yg
terdiri dari 4 nukleotida menjadi bahasa protein
yang terdiri dari 20 huruf asam amino
Persamaan replikasi, transkripsi dan translasi
membutuhkan cetakan
proses terdiri dari inisiasi, elongasi dan
terminasi
Replikasi
Secara konsep sederhana
Proses mekanismenya
komplek
Kesederhanaannya krn
konsep dr Watson & Crick
• Initiation
• Elongation
• Termination
There is a
considerable
amount of
variation
in the patterns of
codon usage
between different
organisms.
Relationships of DNA to mRNA to
polypeptide chain.
Translation is
accomplished by the
anticodon loop of
tRNA forming base
pairs with the codon of
mRNA in ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
composed of
a nucleic acid and
a specific amino acid
An anticodon a
sequence of 3 nucleotides
in a tRNA that is
complementary to a
Structure of tRNAs
codon of mRNA
Only tRNAfMet is accepted to
form
Twotheinitiation
initiation
factors
complex.
(IF1
&IF3) bind to a 70S
Allribosome.
further charged tRNAs
require
promotefully assembled
the dissociation
(i.e.,
70S)
of 70S
ribosomes
ribosomes into free
30S and 50S subunits.
The Shine-Dalgarno
sequence
mRNA andIF2, help ribosomes
which
and
carries
mRNA aligns correctly for
the
- GTP
start of translation.
- the charged tRNA
Ribosome consists of
- bind
A site toaminoacyl
a free 30S subunit.
-P site
After
these have all
peptidyl
- bound,
E site the exit30S initiation
complex is complete.
Peptide bond
formation
catalyzed by an
enzyme complex
called
peptidyltransferase
Peptidyltransferase
consists of some
ribosomal proteins and
the ribosomal RNA
acts as a ribozyme.
The process
is repeated until a
termination signal is
reached.
Termination of
translation occurs when
one of the stop codons (UAA,
UAG, or UGA) appears in the
A site of the ribosome.