Kelompok 13

Aprilia Putri Utami Imam Nur Arifin Yusuf Eko Prasetyo

Topik Pembahasan
KD 3.13
1
Menganalisis sistematika dan
kebahasaan Kritik dan Esai

KD 4.13
2 Mengonstruksi sebuah Kritik atau esai
dengan memerhatikan sistematika dan
kebahasaan baik secara lisan maupun
tulisan
KD 3.13

Menganalisis sistematika dan

kebahasaan kritik dan esai
 Definisi Kritik dan Esai
Kritik menurut KBBI ialah
kecaman atau tanggapan,
kadang kadang disertai uraian
dan pertimbangan baik buruk
terhadap suatu hasil karya,
pendapat dan sebagainya.
Kritik sastra adalah analisis
terhadap suatu karya sastra,
untuk menilia baik buruknya
suatu karya sastra
Esai adalah sebuah
karangan atau tulisan
dalam bentuk prosa yang
tidak terlalu panjang yang
membicarakan suatu pokok
persoalan dari sudut
pandang pribadi
penulisnya.
 Ciri-ciri umum kritik dan esai
A. Memberikan tanggapan A. Berbentuk prosa
terhadap hasil karya B. Singkat, dapat dibaca
B. Memberikan pertimbangan
dengan santai
baik dan buruk sebuah karya
C. Pertimbangan bersifat C. Memiliki gaya pembeda
obyektif D. Selalu tidak utuh
D. Memaparkan kesan pribadi E. Memenuhi keutuhan
kritikus terhadap sebuah karya penulisan
E. Memberikan alternatif F. Mempunyai nada pribadi
perbaikan
F. Tidak berprasangka
atau bersifat pribadi
E. Tidak terpengaruh siapa
penulisnya
 Jenis-jenis esai
1. Esai Deskriptif
Esai jenis ini dapat melukiskan subjek atau objek apa saja yang menarik
perhatian pengarang. Ia bisa mendeskripsikan sebuah rumah, sepatu, tempat
rekreasi dan sebagainya
.
2. Esai tajuk
Esai jenis ini dapat dilihat dalam surat kabar dan majalah. Esai ini
memempunyai fungsi khusus yaitu, menggambarkan pandangan dan sikap
surat kabar/majalah tersebut terhadap satu topik dan isu dalam masyarakat.

3. Esai cukilan watak

Esai ini memperbolehkan seorang penulis membeberkan beberapa segi dari
kehidupan individual seseorang kepada para pembaca. Lewat cukilan watak
itu pembaca dapat mengetahui sikap penulis terhadap tipe pribadi yang
dibeberkan.
Jenis-jenis esai
4. Esai pribadi
Esai ini hampir sama dengan esai cukilan watak. Akan
tetapi, esai ini memperbolehkan seorang penulis
membeberkan beberapa segi dari keidupan individual.

5. Esai reflektif
Esai reflektif ditulis secara formal dengan nada serius.
Penulis mengungkapkan dengan dalam, sungguh-
sungguh, dan hati-hati beberapa topik yang penting
berhubungan dengan hidup, misalnya kematian,
politik, pendidikan, dan hakekat manusiawi. Esai ini
ditujukan kepada para cendikiawan.
 Struktur Kritik dan esai
Struktur sebuah kritik dan esai
Pembukaan :
pada dasarnya terdiri atas 1 ..................................................................................
Memperkenalkan
pembukaan, isi,dan penutup. topik
Dalam pembukaan penulis
memperkenalkan topik yang akan
dikemukakan, berikut esainya.
Bagian isi juga disebut tubuh. Pada 2 .................................................................................. Tubuh/isi : berisi kritik/
tanggapan
bagian ini dituliskan kalimat-kalimat
pendukung esai dan argumen
argumennya sebagai analisa
dengan melihat elevansi dan
relasinya. Bagian penutup 3 .................................................................................... Simpulan : meyakinkan
pembaca
merupakan paragraf kesimpulan.
 Kebahasaan kritik dan esai

1. Menggunakan pernyatan-pernyataan persuasif.

2. Menggunakan pernyataan atau ungkapan yang bersifat menilai atau

menomentari.

3. Menggunakan istilah teknis yang berkaitan dengan topik yang dibahasnya.

4. Menggunakan kata kerja mental karena bersifat argumentatif dan bertujuan

untuk mengemukakakn pendapat.

5. Kritik dan esai sebagai teks opini banyak menggunakan adverbia atau kata
keterangan dan konjungsi atau kata hubung.
 Kebahasaan kritik dan esai
Adverbia adalah suatu jenis kata
yang yang sifatnya memberikan
keterangan (penjelasan) terhadap
kata kerja, kata sifat maupun kata
bilangan, serta mampu dalam
memberikan penjelasan terhadap
semua kalimat.
Kata hubung merupakan kata tugas
yang menghubungkan antarsatuan
gramatikal atau satuan
kebahasaan(kata,frasa, klausa,
kalimat, paragraf). Biasanya terletak
antarsatuan bahasa.
Macam-macam kata penghubung berdasarkan
fungsinya :
1. Kata penghubung aditif (gabungan) Contoh:
dan, lagi, lagipula, serta.
2. Kata penghubung pertentangan contoh:
tetapi, akan tetapi, melainkan, sebaliknya ,
sedangkan, padahal, namun.
3. Kata penghubung disjungtif (pilihan) contoh:
atau, atau...atau...baik...maupun, baik...baik...,
dan entah...entah....
4. Kata penghubung temporal(waktu), contoh:
apabila, bila, bilamana, demi, hingga, ketika,
sambil,sebelum, sampai, sedari, sejak,
selama, semenjak, seraya, waktu, setelah,
sesudah, dan tatkala.
5. Kata penghubung final (tujuan), Contoh: supaya, agar,
untuk, guna.
6. Kata penghubung sebab(kausal), contoh:sebab, sebab
itu, karena, oleh karena itu.
7. Kata penghubung final (tujuan), Contoh:sehingga,
sampai, akibatnya.
8. Kata penghubung syarat(kondisional), Contoh: jika,
jikalau, apabila, asalkan, kalau, bilamana.
9. Kata penghubung tak bersyarat. Contoh: walaupun,
meskipun, biarpun.
10. Kata penghubung perbandingan. Contoh: sebagai,
sebagaimana, seperti, bagai, bagaikan, seakan akan,
ibarat.
11. kata penghubung korelatif,
Contoh:semakin...semakin...,kian...kian...,bertambah...be
rtambah....
12. Kata penghubung penegas(menguatkan atau
mengintensifkan), contoh: apalagi, yakni, yaitu, umpama,
ringkasnya, akhirnya.
13. Kata penghubung penetapan, contohnya:
bahkan, apalagi, yakni, yaitu, umpama, misalnya,
ringkasnya, dan akhirnya.
14. Kata penghubung pembenaran(konsesif),
Contoh: bahwa
15. Kata penghubung urutan, conotohnya: mula
mula, lalu, kemudian.
16. Kata penghubung pembatasan, Contohnya:
kecuali, selain, asal.
17. Kata penghubung penanda, Kata-kata yang
ada dalam konjungsi ini adalah misalnya,umpama,
dan contoh. Konjungsi lain yang termasuk dalam
konjungsi ini adalah konjungsi pengutamaan.
Contohnya:yang penting, yang pokok,terutama.
18. Kata penghubung situasi contohnya: sedang,
sedangkan, padahal, sambil.
KD 4.13

Mengonstruksi sebuah kritik

atau esai dengan
memperhatikan sistematika dan
kebahasaan baik secara lisan
maupun tulis.
 Prinsip umum dalam menyusun kritik dan esai

1. Pokok persoalan yang

dibahas harus layak untuk
diulas.
2. Pendekatan yang digunakan
harus jelas, apakah persoalan
didekati dengan pendekatan
faktual atau imajinatif
3. Ulasan yang menggunakan
pendekatan faktual harus
didukung oleh fakta yang nyata
atau objektif.
4. Pernyataan yang diungkapkan
harus jelas, jangan samar samar,
harus dapat dipercaya, tidak
diasingkan atau disangkal, dan
dapat dibuktikan kebenarannya.
Tahapan dalam menyusun kritik terhadap karya
sastra

Tahap deskripsi

Tahap penafsiran.

Tahap analisis.

Tahap
evaluasi
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1. Menentukan judul esai

2. Menentukan topik permasalahan yang
dibicarakan dalam tulisan
3. Menentukan tujuan penulisan
2019
4. Menentukan jenis esai yang akan ditulis
5. Membuat kerangka paragraf
6. Membuat paragraf pembuka
7. Membuat paragraf pengembang
8. Membuat paragraf penutup
9. Menggunakan pernyatan-pernyataan
persuasif.
10. Menggunakan pernyataan atau ungkapan
yang bersifat menilai atau menomentari.
11. Menggunakan istilah teknis yang berkaitan
dengan topik yang dibahasnya.
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 Infographic Style
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1. Menentukan judul esai

2. Menentukan topik permasalahan yang
dibicarakan dalam tulisan
3. Menentukan tujuan penulisan
2019
4. Menentukan jenis esai yang akan ditulis
5. Membuat kerangka paragraf
6. Membuat paragraf pembuka
7. Membuat paragraf pengembang
8. Membuat paragraf penutup
9. Menggunakan pernyatan-pernyataan
persuasif.
10. Menggunakan pernyataan atau ungkapan
yang bersifat menilai atau menomentari.
11. Menggunakan istilah teknis yang berkaitan
dengan topik yang dibahasnya.
 Infographic Style
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