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PENGANTAR FISIOLOGI

HEWAN

PERTEMUAN 1
OLEH:
DR. R A H A R J O, M.SI.
Defenisi :
Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang
proses-proses yang terjadi di
dalam tubuh hewan

Meliputi proses antara lain :


 Pertumbuhan
 Pergerakan/ berpindah tempat
 Pertukaran Zat
 Reproduksi
 Reaksi terhadap rangsang
 Pencernaan Makanan
 Peredaran Darah/ cairan tubuh
 Dll
 Dalam Fisiologi, dikaji lebih dalam
tentang bagaimana mekanisme yang
menggerak-kan proses-proses
kehidupan, mulai dari pengendalian
dan proses terjadinya pada tataran
molekuler.
Dengan pesatnya perkembangan instrumentasi,
makin pesat pula perkembangan Fisiologi,
sehingga banyak masalah yang masih “misteri”,
menjadi jelas terungkap mekanismenya.
Fisiologi merupakan bidang ilmu yang
tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, mutlak
membutuhkan bidang ilmu lain untuk
memecahkan permasalahannya.
Bidang-bidang ilmu lain yang
diperlukan antara lain: kimia, fisika,
matematika, statistik dll.
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Lima tema utama

 Kaitan antara struktur dan fungsi


 Adaptasi, Aklimatisasi & Aklimasi
 Homeostasis
 Sistem Pengaturan Umpan Balik
 Konformitas and Regulasi

Biology Department 9/26/2019


Surabaya State University
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Structure Function Relationship

 a strong relationship exists between function and


structure at all levels of biological organization from
cells, tissues, organs and organ systems
 function depends on structure holds true across the
whole range of physiological processes

Biology Department 9/26/2019


Surabaya State University
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Adaptation, Acclimatization &
Acclimation
 adaptation = evolution by natural selection –
occurs gradually in a species over many
generations – generally not reversible
 acclimatization = physiological, biochemical or
anatomical change within an individual animal
during its life that results from chronic exposure to
new, naturally occurring environmental
conditions – generally reversible
 acclimation = as acclimatization except the
environmental changes are induced
experimentally

Biology Department 9/26/2019


Surabaya State University
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Homeostasis

 the tendency of organisms to regulate


and maintain relative internal stability
 the environmental changes raging about
an animal’s exterior would disrupt cellular,
tissue and organ function were it not for
physiological control systems that maintain
relatively stable conditions within an
animal’s body tissues
 cells experience a relatively constant
environment with respect to temperature,
pH, glucose concentration, oxygen level,
etc .

Biology Department 9/26/2019


Surabaya State University
10
Feedback Control Systems

 regulatory processes that maintain


homeostasis in cells and multi-cellular
organisms depend on feedback
 feedback occurs when sensory
information about a particular variable
(e.g. temperature) is used to control
processes in cells, tissues, and organs
that influence the internal level of that
variable requires continuous sampling
of the variable

Biology Department 9/26/2019


Surabaya State University
11
Conformity and Regulation

 when an animal is faced with a change


in its environment, it has two broad
categories of response
1. conform to the change (because it is
unable to maintain homeostasis for
internal conditions)
2. regulate their internal environment (i.e.
maintain homeostasis) over a broad
range of external environmental
changes by using biochemical,
physiological behavioral and other
mechanisms (generally there is a
maximum ability to do this)

Biology Department 9/26/2019


Surabaya State University

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