PERTEMUAN 1 OLEH: DR. R A H A R J O, M.SI. Defenisi : Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang proses-proses yang terjadi di dalam tubuh hewan
Meliputi proses antara lain :
Pertumbuhan Pergerakan/ berpindah tempat Pertukaran Zat Reproduksi Reaksi terhadap rangsang Pencernaan Makanan Peredaran Darah/ cairan tubuh Dll Dalam Fisiologi, dikaji lebih dalam tentang bagaimana mekanisme yang menggerak-kan proses-proses kehidupan, mulai dari pengendalian dan proses terjadinya pada tataran molekuler. Dengan pesatnya perkembangan instrumentasi, makin pesat pula perkembangan Fisiologi, sehingga banyak masalah yang masih “misteri”, menjadi jelas terungkap mekanismenya. Fisiologi merupakan bidang ilmu yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, mutlak membutuhkan bidang ilmu lain untuk memecahkan permasalahannya. Bidang-bidang ilmu lain yang diperlukan antara lain: kimia, fisika, matematika, statistik dll. 6 Lima tema utama
Kaitan antara struktur dan fungsi
Adaptasi, Aklimatisasi & Aklimasi Homeostasis Sistem Pengaturan Umpan Balik Konformitas and Regulasi
Biology Department 9/26/2019
Surabaya State University 7 Structure Function Relationship
a strong relationship exists between function and
structure at all levels of biological organization from cells, tissues, organs and organ systems function depends on structure holds true across the whole range of physiological processes
Biology Department 9/26/2019
Surabaya State University 8 Adaptation, Acclimatization & Acclimation adaptation = evolution by natural selection – occurs gradually in a species over many generations – generally not reversible acclimatization = physiological, biochemical or anatomical change within an individual animal during its life that results from chronic exposure to new, naturally occurring environmental conditions – generally reversible acclimation = as acclimatization except the environmental changes are induced experimentally
Biology Department 9/26/2019
Surabaya State University 9 Homeostasis
the tendency of organisms to regulate
and maintain relative internal stability the environmental changes raging about an animal’s exterior would disrupt cellular, tissue and organ function were it not for physiological control systems that maintain relatively stable conditions within an animal’s body tissues cells experience a relatively constant environment with respect to temperature, pH, glucose concentration, oxygen level, etc .
Biology Department 9/26/2019
Surabaya State University 10 Feedback Control Systems
regulatory processes that maintain
homeostasis in cells and multi-cellular organisms depend on feedback feedback occurs when sensory information about a particular variable (e.g. temperature) is used to control processes in cells, tissues, and organs that influence the internal level of that variable requires continuous sampling of the variable
Biology Department 9/26/2019
Surabaya State University 11 Conformity and Regulation
when an animal is faced with a change
in its environment, it has two broad categories of response 1. conform to the change (because it is unable to maintain homeostasis for internal conditions) 2. regulate their internal environment (i.e. maintain homeostasis) over a broad range of external environmental changes by using biochemical, physiological behavioral and other mechanisms (generally there is a maximum ability to do this)