Kes
Kabid P2P Dinkes Provinsi Maluku
Definisi :
Size 27 nm 42 nm 32 nm 36 nm 27-34 nm
Length 7.5 kb 3.2 kb 10 kb 1.7 kb 7.6 kb
Genome RNA DNA RNA RNA RNA
Incubation 14-19 days 14-84 days 14-160 days 21-24 days 21-36 days
Transmission Fecal/oral (98%) IVDA(35%) IVDA(35%)
Transfusion (2%) Sexual(19%) Sexual(10%)
Vertical (<5%) Vertical (5-6%%)
Tranfusion(<5%) Tranfusion(<5%)
Needlestick(1%) High risk
Unknown(49%) occupation (7%)
Table 35-1. Properties and clinical characteristics
Unknown (49%) of
Vaccine viruses.
available Available None None None
Severity of Usually mild, 70% subclinical Usually subclinical Can be May be
acute illness particularly 30% clinical <1% severe severe severe, 30%
<1% severe mortality in
pregnance
Chronic None 90% neonatal >85% 5% with HBV None
infection 50% infants coinfection,
20% children 70-80% with
<5% adults HBV
superinfection
CURRENT : Diagnosis & Treatment in GASTROENTEROLOGY , Scott L.Friedman, et al
Gambaran klinik.
Akut
Kronik
• Nyeri kepala
Fase selanjutnya adalah fase ikterik
OLEH:
• Virus DNA
• 350-400 juta manusia di dunia
• Angka mortalitas di dunia mencapai
1 juta akibat sirosis, gagal hati dan
karsinoma hepatoselular (KHS)
• Transmisi melalui seksual,
perkutaneus dan perinatal
• Terdiri atas 3 bagian :
- Protein envelope (HBsAg)
- Protein nukleokapsid inti (HBcAg)
- Protein nukleokapsid soluble
(HBeAg) : menandakan replikasi
Shephard CW, Simard EP, Finelli L, Fiore AE, Bell BP. Hepatitis B Virus Infection: epidemiology and vaccination. Epidemiol Rev. 2006;28:112-25
Transmisi Hepatitis B
Shephard CW, Simard EP, Finelli L, Fiore AE, Bell BP. Hepatitis B Virus Infection: epidemiology and vaccination. Epidemiol Rev. 2006;28:112-25
Hepatitis B Akut dan Kronik
MchMahon BJ. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B-clinical implications. Medscape J Med. 2008;10(4):91
Perjalanan Alamiah Hepatitis B Kronik
MchMahon BJ. The natural history of chronic hepatitis B-virus infection. Hepatology. 2009;49(5):45-55
Hepatitis B Kronik pada
Kehamilan
Prevalensi Transmisi Hepatitis B di Eropa
Tahun 2006-2012
Duffell EF, Laar MJW, Amato-Gauci AJ. Enhanced surveillance of hepatits B in the EU, 2006-2012. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2015;22:581-89.
Komplikasi Hepatitis B pada Kehamilan
World Health Organization. Guidelines for the prevention, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B infection. 2015.
Perjalanan Hepatitis B Kronik
Manifestasi Hepatitis B pada Kehamilan
Hepatitis B
Akut
Sering asimptomatik
Hepatitis B Gejala yang dapat muncul
Kronik adalah tanda-tanda sirosis
Perlunya deteksi dini
Tan YT, Sun C, Liu CX, Xie SS, Xiao D, Liu L, Yu JH, et al. Clinical features and outcome of acute hepatits B in pregnancy. BMC Infectious
Disease. 2014;14:368
Deteksi Awal Infeksi Hepatitis B Kronik
MchMahon BJ. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B-clinical implications. Medscape J Med. 2008;10(4):91
Anamnesis pada Pasien dengan
HBsAg Positif
Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2015: 1-23.
Tanda dan Gejala
Sirosis
Lingkar Pinggang
• Asia : ≥ 90 cm (laki-laki) dan 80
cm (perempuan)
• Eropa : ≥ 94 cm (laki-laki) dan 80
cm (perempuan)
EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016
Faktor Risiko Metabolik
EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016
Pemeriksaan Laboratorium pada
Pasien dengan HBsAg Positif
Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2015: 1-23.
Pemeriksaan Pencitraan pada
Pasien dengan HBsAg Positif
USG Abdominal
FibroScan
Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2015: 1-23.
Penegakkan Diagnosis Hepatitis B
Kronik pada Kehamilan
Sarin SK, Kumar M, Lau GK, Abbas Z, Chan HLY, Chen CJ, et al. Asian-Pacific clinical practices guidelines on the management of hepatitis B:
a 2015 updated. Hepatol Int. 2016;10:1-98
Faktor Risiko Infeksi VHB
Multiple sexual partners
Penggunaan obat intravena menggunakan jarum tidak steril
Kontak dengan pasien yang terinfeksi atau pasien karier
hepatitis B kronik
1. Tran TT, Ahn J, Reau NS. ACG Clinical Guideline: Liver Disease and Pregnancy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016.
2. Borgia G, Carleo MA, Gaeta GB, Gentile I. Hepatitis B in pregnancy. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(34):4677-83
Algoritma Diagnosis Hepatitis B pada Kehamilan
Tran TT, Ahn J, Reau NS. ACG Clinical Guideline: Liver Disease and Pregnancy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016
Perubahan Fisiologis selama Kehamilan
Tran TT, Ahn J, Reau NS. ACG Clinical Guideline: Liver Disease and Pregnancy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016
Algoritma Diagnosis Hepatitis B pada Kehamilan
Borgia G, Carleo MA, Gaeta GB, Gentile I. Hepatitis B in pregnancy. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(34):4677-83
Definisi Transmisi Vertikal VHB
Gentile I, Borgia G. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus: challenges and solutions. InternationalJournal of Women’s Health. 2014;6:605-11
HbsAg dan DNA-VHB (+) saat lahir :
- Sering hanya bersifat sementara (fenomena transien)
- Tidak menggambarkan transmisi
Papaevangelou V. Perinatal HBV Viremia in Newborns of HbsAg(+) mothers is a transient phenomenon that does not necessarily imply HBV
infection transmission. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2012; 54:202
Anti Hbe dan anti Hbc (+) dari lahir hingga usia 2 tahun:
tidak berhubungan dengan infeksi VHB kronik
Papaevangelou V. Perinatal HBV Viremia in Newborns of HbsAg(+) mothers is a transient phenomenon that does not necessarily imply HBV
infection transmission. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2012; 54:202
Tata Laksana Hepatitis B dan
Pencegahan Transmisi Vertikal
Proses Kelahiran
Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2015: 1-23.
Indikasi Pemberian Antiviral pada Ibu Hamil
HbsAg (+)
Pemberian Antiviral
DNA-VHB > 200.000 U
Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2015: 1-23.
Penentuan Waktu Pemberian Antiviral
Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2015: 1-23.
Penghentian Pemberian Antiviral
Antiviral
dihentikan
Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2015: 1-23.
Pengaruh Antiviral terhadap Menyusui
Bukan
Kontraindikasi
Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2015: 1-23.
Pemilihan Antiviral pada VHB Kronik
Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2015: 1-23.
Rekomendasi AASLD 2015
Benefit
Risk
Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2015: 1-23.
Immunoprofilaksis
1. Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2015: 1-23.
2. Rekomendasi Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI). Jadwal Imunisasi Anak Umur 0-18 Tahun. 2014.
Peran Dokter Umum dalam Penanganan
Hepatitis B pada Ibu Hamil
Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia. Standar Kompetensi Dokter Indonesia. Edisi Kedua. 2012
Peran Dokter Umum dalam Penanganan
Hepatitis B pada Ibu Hamil
Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia. Standar Kompetensi Dokter Indonesia. Edisi Kedua. 2012
TERIMA KASIH