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Dasar-dasar Pemipaan
Pengertian pipa
Adalah benda berbentuk silinder yang terbuat dari
logam, plastik, kaca dll, digunakan untuk
memindahkan cairan, gas atau benda lain yang
mengalir.
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Di dalam plant, berbagai fluida mengalir didalam
pipa.
Ada 3 buah tanki
Tank-1, Tank-2 and Tank-3
Kita harus memindahkan isi tanki 1 ke dua tanki
lainnya.
Kita butuh pipa yang menghubungkan tanki 1 ke
tanki 2 dan 3 agar bisa memindahkan fluida.
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Pipa sudah diambil, ada beberapa
Untuk mengatasi hal masalah yang harusdiatasi.
ini dibutuhkan
Semua pipa berbentuk lurus.
FITTINGS PIPA
Butuh
sambungan
percabangan
Sambungan belok
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Tersedia fittings pipa,
Ada beberapa jenis fitting untuk berbagai
keperluan, contohnya:
Elbows/Bends, Tees/Branches,
Reducers/Expanders, Couplings, Olets, etc.
TERMINAL CONNECTIONS.
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Susunan sudah baik.
Tetapi tidak ada control aliran dari tanki 1 ke
tanki yang lain.
Kita butuh pengaturan yang dapat
menghentikan aliran jika dibutuhkan.
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Ada beberapa jenis valve, dikelompokan
berdasarkan bentuk dan fungsinya.
Contohnya - Gate, Globe, Check, Butterfly, etc.
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valves dan strainer sudah terpasang.
Mari kita periksa aspek kelenturan pipa.
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Disini ada beberapa susunan penyangga pipa.
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This is screen picture of P&ID made by SPP&ID
If we click on any line it will show the Data embedded.
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This is a 3D model
of Feed water line
along with pumps
and other
accessories
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INSULATION - Ketika fluida panas mengalir dalam pipa, maka pipa umumnya
dinsulasi.
Dua alasan menginsulasi pipa dengan fluida panas di dalamnya:
Menjaga panas dalam fluida agar tidak lepas kelingkungan. Ini disebut Hot
Insulation
Safety, tidak membahayakan apabila tersentuh manusia, disebut Personnel
Protection Insulation
Pipa dingin juga diinsulasi
Menjaga fluida dalam pipa agar tetap dingin. disebut Cold Insulation.
Mencegah kondensasi uap air diudara pada permukaan pipa, disebut Anti-Sweat
Insulation.
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Pipe Material Selection - to select appropriate pipe material based on flowing fluid property.
Find out type Find out Check Pipe Select suitable Check Mat. YES Pipe
of Fluid Fluid Temp. life Material per Listed in Material
flowing & Pressure Expectancy practice (Note-1) Design Code OK
NO
Note-1 : Material is selected per past experience with cost in
mind and per material listed in design code. If material is See Note-
not listed in code we may select next suitable material
listed.
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Pipe Sizing Calculation - to select required pipe diameter based on velocity and pressure drop.
Find out Check Velocity Calc. flow area Calc. Press. Check Press. YES Pipe
Flow volume Allowable per required and Drop for that Drop meets Size
per second second Pipe size Pipe size Press. Budget OK
NO
Increase
Pipe Size
Pipe Thickness Selection - to select appropriate pipe thickness based on flowing fluid property.
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In Power plant there are some piping which carries steam at high pressure and
temperature. And also there are piping which carries water at High pressure.
These pipes carries the main cycle steam and water of the steam power plant.
These pipelines are call the CRITICAL PIPING.
Very special care are taken for design of these piping.
First the pipe material selection for such piping is very important as it has to
withstand the high pressure and may be also high temperature.
As these pipes carry the main system fluid of the power plant, they are given
the right of way, and routed at beginning of the overall plant layout.
Steam pipes run at very high temperature and the hot pipes expand. We have to
built in flexibility in the high temperature pipe routing so that the expansion
force is absorbed within the piping.
Also there should be enough flexibility in these pipe routing so that high loads
are not transferred to the nozzles of Turbine or Pumps
There are many recognized international codes which lay down guide lines and
mandatory requirements for design of such piping.
The most important codes used by power plant piping engineers are
ASME ANSI B31.1- Power Piping Code & IBR - the Indian Boiler Regulation
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Some Special Considerations for Piping
When pipes are routed UNDER GROUND (Buried) following points to be kept in mind:
Minimum pipe size to be routed under ground shall be not less than1 inch.
Avoid flange joint in U/G piping.
Keep in mind if pipe leaks U/G, it will be difficult to detect, so avoid U/G routing of pipe
carrying hazardous fluid.
Pipe to be laid below Frost Zone at areas where ambient temperature goes below freezing.
U/G, Buried piping should be properly protected from corrosion.
Pipe may be properly wrapped and coated to prevent corrosion.
Or U/G piping be protected by using Cathodic protection.