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MATERIAL :
BAJA KARBON
ASTM A 515
ASTM A516
VERTIKAL
HORISONTAL
MEDIA KERJA
LPG
LNG
UDARA
NITROGEN
Dll.
CORROSION
Definisi:
adalah perusakan/penghancuran material
karena adanya reaksi kimia dengan
lingkungan sekitarnya.
Corrosion
Degradation of materials
~ Metal Loss
~ De-colouration
~ Pits
~ Damage due to Erosion
~ De-Lamination
~ Cracking, Buckling
Penggolongan Korosi:
Formerly a ship
9
2. Galvanic corrosion (korosi galvanis)
Boiler tube
5. Intergranular corrosion (korosi batas butir)
Pencegahannya:
• Pelapisan (coating) dengan
permukaan yang keras.
• Proteksi katodik.
Erosion-corrosion
Combined chemical attack and
mechanical wear (e.g., pipe
elbows).
G
Energi Bebas, G
ReaktanA
+B G
Hasil reaksi C+
D
Koordinat Reaksi
• Hasil korosi belum tentu sama dengan bijih logam, tetapi sebagian besar
serupa dan energi-energi pada bijih dan pada hasil korosi cenderung
sebanding
• G bukan merupakan laju korosi, hanya menggambarkan kecenderungan
logam untuk mengalami korosi.
• Teori keadaan peralihan mengatakan bahwa proses kebalikan itu sungguh
mungkin, tetapi berlangsung dengan laju yang lebih rendah dan hanya
dimungkinkan pada skala molekuler
MEKANISME KOROSI
katodik
anodik
konduktor
H2O
OH- H2
A+
B+
e-
H2+ e-
Lack of Salts
High Resistivity
Low Temperature
Homogenous Environment
Chemical Activity
Active (more corrosive) Environment
Low pH (acidic)
Salts
Low Resistivity
Heterogeneous Environment
•DC STRAY CURRENT INTERFERENCE
DC Stray Current Interference
•Dynamic DC Currents:
– DC Traction Power Systems: Transit, People
Movers, Mining Transport Systems
– HVDC : Imbalance, Monopolar Earth Return
– Welding Equipment with Improper Ground
– Geomagnetic (Telluric) Earth Currents
Corrosion Caused by Stray
Current
Company Pipeline
Rectifier
-
+
Area of Current
Discharge –
Anode Bed
ANODIC
Area of Current Pickup –
Cathodic
•AC STRAY CURRENT INTERFERENCE
AC Interference
• High Voltage AC Power
Lines Can Cause:
1. AC Corrosion of The
Steel
2. Personnel Shock
Hazard Due To Induced
AC Voltages
AC Corrosion
• AC current can cause corrosion of the steel
pipeline.
Courtesy NACE
AC Interference
• A more frequent consideration as right-of ways become more difficult to
obtain.
• The electromagnetic field created by AC power changes 120 times per
second.
• Metallic structures subject to a changing electromagnetic field will exhibit an
induced voltage (hence induced AC current).
• Phase to ground faults can expose an underground structure to very high AC
currents
• .
AC Interference
The magnetic field generated by the overhead power lines induces an AC voltage
onto the pipeline (which creates AC currents). The magnitude of such currents
depend on many factors such as coating condition, soil composition, power line
voltage, distance, etc.
Pipeline
Soil
AC Corrosion
•Based on recent studies of AC corrosion related failures, the following
guideline was developed:
AC induced corrosion does not occur at AC current densities less
than 20 A/m2; (~ 1.86 A/ft2)
AC corrosion is unpredictable for AC current densities between 20
to 100 A/m2; (~ 1.86 A/ft2 to 9.3 A/ft2)
AC corrosion typically occurs at AC current densities greater than
100 A/m2; (~9.3 A/ft2)
Highest corrosion rates occur at coating defects with surface areas
between 1 and 3 cm2 ( 0.16 in2 – 0.47 in2)
• KOROSI ADALAH PROSES ELEKTROKIMIA
ANODE ARUS
ZINC Sacrificial Anode MAGNESIUM Sacrificial Anode
ALUMINIUM Sacrificial
Anode
Cargo Tank
ZINC Sacrificial Anode
IMPRESSED CURRENT CATHODIC PROTECTION