MANUSIA DAN AIR

• Air dalam tubuh manusia berkisar 50 – 70 % berat badan

• Air diperlukan untuk melarutkan berbagai jenis zat yang
masuk dalam tubuh
• Air dalam tubuh diperkukan juga untuk membantu
metabolisme,reproduksi dan lain lain
HUBUNGAN MANUSIA DAN AIR

MANUSIA SUMBER AIR

MAHLUK LAIN
 PEMANFAATAN AIR
Jenis pendayagunaan Diambil Genangan Aliran
Penyediaan Air
Domestik kota *
• Industri
Irigasi *
Peternakan

Budidya/kehidupan laut
Ikan *
Kerang kerangan
Lain lain

Rekreasi
Berenang *
Berlayar
Memamcing
Lain lain
*
Navigasi Perdagangan
Estetika
*
Produksi Tenaga Listrik
Pembuangan limbah *
 SUMBER AIR

• AIR ANGKASA  air Hujan

• AIR TANAH  Air hujan yg masuk kedalam
tanah, dan tersimpan pada lapisan air (aquafer) 
air tanah dalam (lebih dari 40 m) , dan ada yg
berupa resapan saja  air tanah dangkal (kurang
dari 40 m)
• MATA AIR  air tanah yang muncul ke
permukaan tanah, karena ada patahan atau
dorongan air yg cukup kuat (artesis positif)
 SUMBER AIR (lanjutan)

• AIR PERMUKAAN  air yang berada di

permukaan tanah, bisa berupa sungai, danau.
Jumlah air permukaan cukup besar dibanding
dengan mata air dan air tanah

• AIR LAUT  merupakan jumlah terbesar,

dibandingkan dengan sumber2 air lainnya
 KUALITAS DAN KUANTITAS AIR
Sumber air Kualitas Kuantitas Kontinuitas

Air angkasa Bagus sedikit tdk kontinu

Air Permukaan Jelek Banyak kontinu

Air Tanah Bagus, tgt kond Tgt kondisi Tgt kondisi

Mata Air Sangat bagus Sedikit, tertentu Tgt kondisi

Air Laut Sulit di prose Sangat banyak aman

 SISTEM PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM

• SISTEM INDIVIDUAL
• SISTEM COMUNAL
 MENJAGA KUALTIAS DAN
KUANTITAS AIR DI PERKOTAAN

• Memanfaatkan siklus Hidrologi

• Menggunakan Air secara effisien
• Memisahkan Air Limbah dan Air hujan,
dan Air kotor
• Mengolah Air Limbah sesuai dengan
karakteristiknya dan mendekati alami
( Teknologi Tepat Guna)
WATER RECYCLE
WATER STORAGE AND
AUGMENTATION
Ponds and reservoirs
Dams and reservoirs are a common
approach to storage of river water.
Big dams, however, do often cause
big unsolved problems and therefore
cannot be called environmentally
sound. Small dams with careful
consideration of ecological and
social impacts can do better. In
permanent rivers, under water
beams are an option. In ‘wadis’ sand
dams are a sound technology for
the infiltration of river water to the
groundwater.
Rainwater harvesting ESTs
Rainwater runoff
from roofs is
stored in tanks to
be used inside
buildings.
Stormwater from streets and
parks can be infiltrated or
stored in ponds to provide
water for trees, gardens and
parks. Sand filters and
constructed wetlands can be
used for quality control.
Storage of treated sewage
Effluent from sewage treatment plants can be
reused in surface waters as a source for urban
water supply. Quality control is crucial.

The use of effluent for

recharging groundwater is
possible. Soil Aquifer Treatment
technology prevents pollution by
pathogens, nutrients and other
contaminants.
Priorities for storage solutions
In an integrated perspective, efficient and
sustainable storage and augmentation can best
be realized by decision makers if they follow this
sequence of options:
1. First, realize the full potential of treated
wastewater and rainwater options.
2. Then, use the potential of surface water
options.
3. And then, turn to aquifer based ESTs as a
third option.
Over-exploitation and pollution of aquifers
is a threat. Invisible impacts are hard to
restore.
[Sourcebook
Chapter 4.3] Supply and distribution ESTs
1. Surface water abstraction
2. Groundwater abstraction
3. Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
4. Transfer of water
5. Single pipeline systems (one quality)
6. Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
7. Water containers (bottles, tanks)
8. Centralised treatment systems
9. Point of use treatment systems